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JOHN and LINDA TRAUM,
Plaintiff.
v.
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLSVANIA
: NO. 96.2005 CIVIL
KEVIN E. KOONS,
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION. LAW
: JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
eBQPQS~D P91NTS FOR CI:f~RGE
~NDANT.l<EVIN E, KOONS
Respectfully submitted,
NEALON & GOVER
By: ,..V[i,tbfLI! ~n-~
Matthew R. Gover, Esquire
Atty. I,D. #47593
301 Market Street -- 9th Floor
P.O. Box 865
Harrisburg, PA 17108-0865
(717) 232.9900
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02. The Plelntlff. clelm thet they were Injured and sustelned d.m.ge .. . result of
the negligent conduct of the Defendant. The Plaintiffs h.ve the burden of proving their
claim.
The Defendant admits that he was negligent but denies that such negligence
was a substantial factor in brinlng about the Plaintiffs' Injuries,
Based upon the evidence presented at this trial. the only Issues for you to decide
In accordance with the law as I shall give it to you, are:
First: Was the Defendant's conduct a substantial factor Is bringing about
harm to the Plaintiffs?
Second: If. and only if, the negligence of the Defendant was a substantial
factor in bringing about harm to the Plaintiffs. then you are to decide
the amount of compensation, If any. to be awarded to the Plaintiffs,
Pa, SSJI (Clv.) 3,00
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05. The number of witnesses offered by one side or the other does not, in Itself,
determine the weight of the evidence. It is a factor. but only one of many factors which
you should consider, Whether the witnesses appear too biased or unbiased; whether
they are interested or disinterested persons. are among the Important factors which go
to the reliability of their testimony. The important thing is the quality of the testimony of
each witness. In short, the test is not which side brings greater number of witnesses or
presents the greater number of witnesses or presents the greater quantity of evidence;
but which witness or witnesses, and which evidence. you consider most worthy of
belief. Even the testimony of one witness may outweigh that of many. if you have
reason to believe this testimony in preference to theirs. Obviously, however. where the
testimony of witnesses appear to you to be of the same quality, the weight of numbers
assumes particular significance.
Pa,SSJI (Civ) 5,03
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07, In general. the opinion of an expert has value only when you accept the facts
upon which It Is based, This Is true whether the facts are assumed hypothetically by the
expert. come from his personal knowledge, from some other proper source or from
some combination of these,
Pa, SSJI (Civ) 5.31
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08, In civil cases such as this one. the Plaintiffs have the burden of proving those
contentions which entitle him to relief.
When a party has the burden of proof on a particular Issue. his contention on
that Issue must be established by a fair preponderance of the evidence, The evidence
establishes a contention by a fair preponderance of the evidence if you are persuaded
that it is more probably accurate and true than not.
To put it another way. if you will. of an ordinary balance scale with a pan on each
side, To one side of the scale, place all the evidence favorable to the Plaintiffs; on the
other place all the evidence favorable to the Defendant. If after considering the
comparable weight of the evidence, you feel that the scales tip ever so slightly or to the
slightest degree, in favor of the Plaintiffs, your verdict must be for the Plaintiffs. If the
scales tip in favor of the Defendant or are equally balanced, your verdict must be for the
Defendant.
In this case, the Plaintiffs have the burden of proving the following propositions:
that the Defendant was negligent. and that the negligence was a substantial factor in
bringing about the accident. If, after considering all of the evidence you feel persuaded
that these propositions are more probably true than not true, your verdict must be for
the Plaintiff,. Otherwise, your verdict should be for the Defendant.
Pa.SSJI (Civ) 5.50
HARRINGTON & CALDWELL, P.C.
By: ROGER J. HARRINGTON
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 09885
100 N. 17TH STREET 1I1TH FLOOR
PHILADELPHIA. PA 19103
12151751.1135
JOHN TRAUM Ind
ESTATE OF LINDA
TRAUM
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFFS
va.
IN THE CUMBERLAND
COUNTY COURT OF
COMMON PLEAS
KEVIN E. KOONS
NO. 98.20011
CIVIL ACTION. LAW
~PO,tf!l FOR CttARq~
1, Jurors, baiJed on the facts and law you are instructeu to return a verdict
in favor of plaintiff John Traum and the Estate of Linda Traum ogalnst Kevin E.
Koons.
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3, Burden of Proof
Members of the jury, In civil cases, such as this one, plaintiffs are only
required to prove their case by the fair weight of the evidence. Unlike a criminal
case, they do not have to r:onvince you beyond a reasonable doubt and to a
moral certainty that what they say is correct, but are required only to prove
evidence which Is more likely to be true than the evidence the defendant
produces. Marrazzo vs. Scranto.Q. Nehi 80"lIno Co., 422 Pa, 51, 233 A.2d 17
(1966).
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6. There are two types of evidence from which you may properly find the
truth to the facts of the case, The first type of evidence is direct, such as the
testimony of any witnesses. The second type of evidence is circumstantial or
Indirect evidence which points to the existence or non-existence of a (;ertaln fact.
You may draw such reasonable inferences from proven fact as seem justified,
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9 You should consider such expert opinion received In evidence. In this
case, and give it such weight as you may think it deserves. If you should decide
that the opinion of an expert witness is not based upon sufficient education and
experience. or if you should conclude that the reasons in support of the opinions
are not sound, or if you feel that it Is outweighed by other evidence, then you may
disregard that expert's opinion entirely.
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10. You may also disregard an expert's opinion if It flies In the face of
common sense, knowledge or experience.
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12. "Credibility" means whether or not a witness Is being truthful,
.!:1o{fman vs, Co.. 422 Pa. 144, 221 A.2d 315 (1966).
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13. Ladles and gentlemen, It is your decision to determine whether
someone is being truthful and It is up to you to determine a witness' credibility,
that Is whether to believe all, part or none of the testimony of any witness.
Morrissev v. Com. DeDI. HIQhwavs, 424 Pa. 87, 225 A.2d 895 (1967).
. p. 9 1
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15, The commission of a wrong carries with It the duty to make amends;
and If the mending process Is additionally expensive because of problems
encountered in ascertaining the cost of the rehabilitating agents, that process
becomes part of the obligation the defendants as tortfeasors must assume. As
between the innocent victim of a wrong and the person who accomplished the
wrong, the law imposes on the malfeasor or wrongdoer the obligation to make
the victim whole in every phase in which the victim has suffered and to the extent
that rehabilitation is possible, In terms of money. Spranaler v. Helm's New York-
Eittsburah Motor Exp., 396 Pa. 482, 153 A.2d 490,492 (1959). ,\ \
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16, The object of a trespass action Involving personal Injuries, where the
defendants have admitted liability, it to compensate them for whatlhey have loss
as a result of the defendant's negligence. The loss of well-being Is as much a
loss as an amputation, The inability to enjoy what one has heretofore keenly
appreciated Is a pain which can be equated with the infliction of a positive harm.
Thus, when a tortfeasor's negligence diminishes the plaintiff's well-being, the
plaintiff may recover for that loss. Corcoran v. McNeal. 400 Pa. 14, 161 A.2d 367
(1960); Lebesco v. SEPTA, Pa. Super., 380 A.2d 848 (1977).
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18. A tortfeasor must take the victim as they find him and the tortfeasor Is
liable for full extent of the victim's Injuries. Thus, a tortfeasor remains responsible
for the victim's Injuries, even If the victim's particular sensibility resulted in more
harm than the tortfeasor could have foreseen, Tabor v. Miller, 389 A.2d 645 (3rd
Clr. 1968), cert. denied, 391 U,S. 915,88 S.Ct. 1810,20 L.ED. 2d 654 (1968);
Walsh v. Brodv, 220 Pa. Super. 293, 286 A.2d 666 (1971), Lebesco v, ~EPTA,
Pa, Super" 380 A.2d 848 (1977).
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19, Ladles and gentlemen of the Jury, one way of determining the extent
of plaintiff's pain and suffering is the nature and extent of the medical treatment
which plaintiff required as a result of the accident. Zaaarl vs. Gralka, 264 Pa,
Super, 239, 399 A.2d 755, 758 (1979).
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20. Regarding possible effects of this Injury on plaintiff in the future, a
doctor Is not required to express an opinion as to plaintiff's future disability with
the same definiteness required to prove causation. You may consider the
possibility that plaintiff will suffer disability In the future based on plaintiff's
doctor's testimony of the possible future effects of plaintiff's Injury. Boyle vs.
Penn. Railroad Co., 403 Pa. 614, 170 A.2d 865, 867 (1961). Gradel v. Inouve,
PA., 421 A.2d 674, 680 (1980).
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21. Plaintiff claims that he will continue to suffer physical and emotional
disability Into the future and he asks that he be compensated for this future
disability claim. Plaintiff does not have to prove this with medical expert
testimony that predicts with certainty the exact result expected in the future.
However, in order to award future disability as an element of damages, plaintiff
must present definite evidence of the degree of probability that the impairment
will persist for some period of time. Baccare v. Menne~, Pa. Super" 369 A.2d
B06, 807 (1976).
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23. If you find that the plaintiff's Injuries will continue beyond today, you
must determine the life expectancy of the plaintiff. Plaintiff's date of birth Is July
22, 1947. According to statistic compiled by the United States Department of
Health, Education and Welfare, the average life expectancy of all persons of the
plaintiffs age at the time of the accident (age 46) sex and race was 30.6 years.
This figure Is offered to you only as a guide, and you are not bound to accept It If
you believe that the plaintiff would have lived longer or less than the average
individual in his category. In reaching this decision you are to consider the
plaintiffs health prior to the accident, his manner of living, his personal habits and
other factors that may affect the duration of his life. Pennsylvania Suggested
Standard Civil Jury Instructions, Section 6.21.
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25. Members of the Jury, there Is another element of damages in a case
whenever a spouse is injured. The Estate of Linda Traum Is entitled to be paid
,
such sums as you believe would fairly and reasonably compensate her for her
own loss. She is entitled to be compensated for her loss of the society,
companionship, services, and comfort of her husband. Schutter vs. Reinhardt,
86 A.2d 438 (1952).
RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED,
ROGER J. HARRINGTON
Attorney for Plaintiffs
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JOHN and LINDA TRAUM,
Plalntl'"
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLSVANIA
: NO. 88,2005 CIVIL
Y.
KEVIN E. KOONS.
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION, LAW
: JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
VERDICT SLIP
1. Was the negligence of the Defendant, Kevin E. Koons, a substantial factor in
bringing about the Plaintiffs', John and Linda Traum, harm?
YES
NO
(If you answer question Number 1 "No", the Plaintiffs cannot recover and you should not
answer any further questions and you should return to the courtroom.)
2, State the total amount of damages, if any, sustained by:
John Traum
$
Linda Traum
$
Date:
Foreperson
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JOHN and LINDA TRAUM,
Plaintiffs
12
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
V,
KEVI N E. KOONS,
Defendant NO, 96-2005 CIVIL TERM
IN RE: PRETRIAL CONFERENCE
A pretrial conference was held on Wednesday,
August 25, 1999/ before the Honorable Edward E, Guido, J,
Present for the Plaintiffs was Margaret Harrington,
Esquire, appearing on behalf of Roger Harrington, Esquire,
who will try this case, and present on behalf ofmthe
Defendant was Matthew R, Gover, Esquire,
This is a rear-end collision case, The Defendant
admits negligence but contests causation, The parties
indicate that this will take one and one half days to try
including jury selection, Neither counsel is available on
Monday of trial week, Plaintiff's counsel has no other
scheduling cqnflicts, Defense counsel is attached for
j,
trial in another county but feels he should be available by
Wednesday afternoon to begin this trial.
In the event that the trial does not proceed
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because of the unavailability of counsel this term, both
counsel are to consider themselves attached to this court
for the November term of civil trials which commences on
November 8/ 1999,
. .
Counsel are directed to submit any motions in
limine, with supporting authority, by Wednesday, September
8, 19951. Any responses with supporting authority shall be
submitted by the commencement of trial,
Any points for charge counsel wishes the Court to
give shall be submitted by the commencement of trial,
Likewise, any trial briefs that counsel wish the Court to
consider shall be submitted by the commencement of trial,
The parties have stipulated as to the
authenticity of the Plaintiff's medical reports, However,
both parties reserve the right to object on any other
available grounds at trial.
There is a very real possibility that the
Defendant will be unable to attend the trial as a result of
poor health, In said event, the parties do not object to
having his mother sit at counsel table in his stead,
Settlement is not likely,
By
Edward E, Guido, J,
Roger J, Harrington, Esquire
for the Plaintiffs
Matthew R, Gover, Esquire
For the Defendant
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v.
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
: NO. 96.2005 CIVIL
JOHN and LINDA TRAUM,
Plaintiff
KEVIN E. KOONS,
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION. LAW
: JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
DEFENDANT'S PRE,TRIAL MEMORANDUM
AND NOW, comes the Defendant, Kevin E. Koons, by and through his attorneys,
NEALON & GOVER, P.C., and files the following Pre-Trial Memorandum:
I. BRIEF NARRATIVE STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On February 7, 1994, the Plaintiff was involved in a rear-end collision with
Defendant, Kevin E. Koons. Both parties were operating their vehicles on Gettysburg
Road in Lower Allen Township when Kevin E. Koons failed to see the Plaintiff in front of
him and impacted the rear of Plaintiffs vehicle, As a result, John Traum, anticipating the
Defendant's Impact, had steered to the right and his vehicle was pushed Into a snow bank.
Minor damage occurred to each vehicle. The Defendant's vehicle sustained $7.00 worth
of property damage.
The Plaintiff did not treat for the next two weeks. Testimony will show that he was at
a school in Cumberland County and completed that schooling prior to returning home to his
Philadelphia area residence. Upon his return home, he sought out the treatment of Dr,
Anthony G'lVlncent, a chiropractor located In the city of Philadelphia, He had been treating
with Dr. Vincent for the last 18 years for various neck and back complaints. Further, he
had been involved in a work related injury in the late 1980's where his lower back became
problematic and he developed radicular symptoms over three years,
It Is anticipated that the Plaintiff will be offering testimony as to primarily his back
complaints, The Defendant will not contest negligence, however, it will be disputed that the
Defendant was a substantial factor In bringing about Plaintiffs alleged harm,
II. DAMAGES
N/A,
III. WITNESSES
A, Kevin Koons, 145 Red Mill Road, Etters, PA;
B, Linda Koons, 145 Red Mill Road, Etters, PA;
C, Shawn Muroskl, 68 North Kinely, Etters, PA;
D, Kelly Stump, 142 Meadow Brook Road, New Cumberland, PA; and
E, Rlorke Rlboldn, 619 Elliot Drive, Lewlsberry. PA,
These witnesses will be offered to testify as to the extent of Impact between the two
vehicles and property damage associated with this accident.
IV, EXHIBITS
A, Medical records exchanged in discovery; and
B, Photographs of the automobiles;
V. EXPERT REPORTS
N/A,
VI, STIP~LATIONS
A, The Defendant seeks a stipulation agreeing to the authenticity of any and all
medical records associated with the Plaintiffs treatment. Nevertheless. any other objection
other than authenticity could be properly raised at trial.
2
1,\'" ',i.:}.) I 18101111111l \
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HARRINGTON & CALDWELL, P,C.
By: Roger J. Harrington
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 09885
100 NORTH 17TH STREET, 15TH FL.
PHILADELPHIA. PA 19103
W!l7~1,1135
JOHN and LINDA
TRAUM
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFFS
va,
IN THE CUMBERLAND
COUNTY COURT OF
COMMON PLEAS
NO. 96.20015
KEVIN E. KOONS
CIVIL ACTION. LAW
PLAINTIFFS' PRETRIAL MEMORAt':IDUM PURSUANT TQ
LOCAL RULE 212.4
1. Statement of Facts on L1aR!!!.W
This action arises from a motor vehicle accident that occurred on
February 7, 1994 when defendant, Kevin Koons, drove his vehicle into the rear
of plaintiff John Traum's vehicle, as Mr. Traum was stopped in a line of traffic
waiting for the traffic signal to change from red to green. The accident took
place on Gettysburg Road (State Route 2027) at the intersection with 41st Street
in Lower Allen Township, Cumberland County.
2. Stat.ment of Facts on Damaaes
Plaintiff, John Traum, was born on July 22, 1947 and is currently 51 years
old. At the time of the accident and until June 1, 1999 John Traum had been
married to Linda for over 29 years. Together they had two (2) sons who are now
adults. Linda Traum was not involved in the accident She suddenly departed
this world on June 1, 1999 and her Estate has been substituted for decedent
John Traum Is a white male with a life expectancy of approximately 26
years, John Trl!um's primary occupation is meat cutter at Acme Markets, He
also works as a part-time public adjuster solicitor for Public Adjusters Associates
under ~he supervision of Richard C. Adams, founder and owner of that company.
Mr. Traum initiall~ ,ecelved treatment at the emergency room of Holy
Spirit Hospital on the cay of the accident after the accident occurred. He
complained of back pain, right thumb pain, right elbow pain, lightheadedness,
nausea and headache. Thereafter he was treated on a conservative basis by a
chiropractor until April 1994.
In April 1994 John Traum came under the care of orthopedic surgeon
John L. Sbarbaro, Jr., M.D. On April 25, 1994 a lumbar MRI into Mr. Traum's
right leg was performed at the request of Dr. Sbarbaro due to continuing
radiculopathy.
Dr. Sbarbaro ordered a brace for Mr. Traum and instituted a regiment of
anti-inflammatory therapy.
After Dr. Sbarbaro retired from medical practice Mr. Traum returned to his
chiropractor Dr. Vincent for treatment.
In June 1998 Mr. Traum's condition, as a result of constant pain in his
right calf, sought a second orthopeadic opinion from Randall N. Smith, M.D.
2
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An EMG test ordered by Dr. Smith confirmed chronic lumbar radiculopathy. Dr.
Smith concluded, "it is my impression that John sustained a low back syndrome
and sciatica... He Is laft with permanent radlculopathy directly from the February
7, 1994 accident."
3. I..u.. on Llabllltv and Damaae.
Defendant's liability for this accident, a rear end motor vehicle accident Is
established. Damages are disputed by defendant whose experts, although
never having examined Mr. Traum, concluded that he should have recovered
within a certain period of time following the accident and therefore he suffers no
further problems.
4. Summary of Oth.r Lellall..ue.
On June 1, 1999 Linda Traum, age 47, died suddenly of a heart attack,
An Estate will be substituted for her as a party and her deposition testimony will
be read to the jury in support of the Estate's claim for loss of consortium.
In addition, plaintiffs will file a Motion in Limine in connection with certain
statements made by defendant's experts and their reports which rely on
unproven, unscientific data regarding injuries from automobile accidents,
5. Plaintiff.' Witne....
John Traum,
Lnda Traum by way of deposition,
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II. MJ.stlc'l Recorda
Holy Spirit Hospital emergency room records
9
Dr. Anthony Vincent's attending physician
report
10
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12
13
14
15
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John L. Sbarbaro, Jr., M,D. report 4-21-94
MRI 4-25-94
Dr. Sbarbaro report 6-28-94
Dr, Sbarbaro report 10-12-94
Dr, Sbarbaro report 12.5-94
Dr, Sbarbaro's office notes
Mikhail Feylikh, M.D. EMG 6-19-98
Dr, Freylikh, M,D. report 10-26-98
Randall N, Smith, M.D. report 6-29-98
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Dr. Sbarbaro C,V,
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23
Dr. Smith C,V,
Mr. Traum's bed (photo)
List of Medical Treatments
III. Prior Motor Vehicle Accl4ent {1-17.941
Dr. Vincent 2-4-94 paid invoice
24
'ii~
I.\~
I "\,-i~
. ~ '( I~
" 'iW
\>,1'
ii.
,
.,-"
~~
i:
d
Property damage estimate ($937.69) by
Paul Gutherman2
25
Property damage estimate ($1,165.60) by
Ted Schaum
26
2 Mr. Traum r~'ei\'~d this illlwunl from torttc3!\Or.
~
JOHN and LINDA TRAUM
Plaintiffs
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNA
: NO, 96-2005
v,
: CIVIL ACTION. AT LAW
KEVIN E. KOONS,
Defendant
: JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
ARBITRATION EXHIBITS
.
A, Photographs
B -Daniel R, Aerm
C, Robert M, Yanchus, MD
Q. -ARti'tony (" vincent, DC
E. Thomas Javian, MO
F, John L. Sharbaro, Jr" MD . .
Respectfully submitted,
NEALON & GOVER
BtI~~
Matthew R. Gover, Esq,
Atty, 1.0, #47593
301 Market SI. . 9th FI.
PO Box 865
Harrisburg, PA 17108-0865
(717) 232-9900
JU't lb ';'1 "";,....0/"111.&."....
, ,.
'112
to
"..ant
'Ie'
to
'112
1177
to
,..,
1178 to
'177
DANIEL R. AERNI
MV ENGINEERING COMPANY
3888 I'AXTON ROAD
CINCINNATI OH 4520B
IB,31.321-88811 or , .800.221.8833
EM"OYMfNT HISTORY
I',..ldent. MV Engin"'/ng CO""",y, Cincinnati, OH,
Owrla,. MotDI Vllliel. lng/n,.,;ng 'vllu.rlon., BrldOlvllll. PA,
Owna, ll"d lubllQu.ntly p,..ld.ntl of fore"lle .nlllnllrlnll fI,m IP.ellll1lno In motor
vlhlel. Invlltlgadonl, Including uaftlc Iccld.nt rteonltl'uctlon, Vlhlcll d.ttcl
Inv.ltlClltlonl, highway 1,,11y111 Ind vlhlel. flrtl,
Vlc.."..ldent. P,A,C,I.. /nc.. Cincinnati. OH,
Foranale Inelnllr IMaehanlcal.eIvIIl, P,A.C,E.. Int:,. Clnclnnltl, OH,
Plrform.d ovtr 2200 .ngl"..rlno Invlltlgltlon. of IIr.. Ind .eeldlnt., Including v.lllcular
Iceldent raconltructlonl, "portld va PIlei. daflctl, I1ructurel d.f.ctl Ind machlnlcll
IQulpm.nt and mlchinlry mllfunctlonl,
T,."lportatlon ltudy Dlr.etor. eHJ M",o PI.nnlng Commiuicn. St.ub.nvllle, OH,
Local ".. eoordlnllor with Stltl Hlllhwly(Tranlportltlon Dlparun.ntl I" dlvelopmlnt of
m.tropolltan tranlPortlllon pllns Ind progrlml, Includld saflty Itudl.. and Inlpletlon of
county and townlhlp brldOII.
TranlPortltlon "a,,",,, a"" Ftll. City.Ceunry PI.nning Bo"d, Grtll Falll, MT,
Dlractad amaU,," urban tran,portatlon 11udy,Includlngllflty Itudl.., Ip.ellllvalUltlonl
of hlohway alignmlntl Ind CBO parkino .tudi..,
I
,
I
,
I
\
,
i
I
1
!
I
I
"74 to R....reh Fellow. Un/v.,,/ry ofCelelldo. Bouldlr, CO,
11711 Conductld origln.1 r....rch Into mark.tlno of urb.n publiC tr.n.porutlon,
1172 to
"74
11711
,."
'elenc. and Mm Tllcher, Mllill Brorh,,, High School, 1'100 Pello. Amarlc.n Samoa,
S.rv.d II . IIY vOlunt"',
fPUCA TlON..
M..ter of Icllnel In ClvY Enoln..rlng. Univ.,,/ry of ColrN,do. Bouldlr, CO,
Anlinld 4,0 Iverlgl In gradultl progrlm, with ,mpPl..;. on trln.pOrtltlon,
,
!
f
laehllor of Icl.nca in Mechlnicll Entlnl.rlng. Unlv,niry of Nor" a.m., Notrl Dime, IN,
Gradll.t.d r;um Ilud. in Inlllnl.rinllllrOgr.m,
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIA TIONS
i
I
: '
r
oln"itu~. of Tran'llortllion Engineer, UTE) oSoclltv of Automotivl Enoln'lr. ISAEI
oAmeritln Socllty of Civil Englnler. IASCEI oSAE Aeeidlnt InvI.tlgltion Prlctlc..
oAmlrican Soeilty of Mlch.nlc.1 Enoinllr' (ASME) IAIP) Commlttet
oNatlon,' "'lIoeiation 01 Profll.ion.1 Aecidlnt Reeonltruction Sllleiali.ts (NAPARS)
, ,
fliGINEERING CEf!..TI6CA TIONS
Rloietlrld Professional En;in..' in Ol'lio, Kentuckv, Indilna, Penn'yl.anil,
West Virglnil Ind Mieni~aM
~11 II.
i
I
I
,
I
...
, In~ Heallhcn ConsuItInIs.IM.
'[I HC))
',0,10. 7039. M.rlelta. CiA 30065-1039 (770) '3"'"3
P,O, Bolt 43726, CiDclDDall. OR 45343.0726 (513) ~iIj3.3m,
P,O, Bolt 16959,WCIlPalm Bcacb,FL 3341~959(407)5'U049
P,O, Bolt 56159, PIloclx. AI. 85079-6159 (603) 246-6963
P,O, Bolt 41350, FI. Worth. TX 76148.0350 (117) 431-3330
MR, BRYON M. WILSON
ALLSTATE INS. CO.
6345 FLANK DRIVE
SUITE 1000
HARRISBURG, PA 17112
Date
RE
CLAIM
IHe
I 04/10/96
I JOHN TRAUM
* I 1551562646
* I 01-0044764
Dear MR, WILSON I
On Feb 09 1996, we received the above referenced consultation
request for Impact Analysis. 'rhis evaluation is based on the
documentation provided to us and general principles of accident
reconstructio~ and physics, The medical assessment is additionally
based on the general standards of care in the profession, and if the
provider wishes us to consider additional information concerning
the clinical status of the patient, he should submit copies of those
pertinent documents to be forwarded to us for evaluation during the
appeal peri.od,
Attached please find the Impact Analysis performed on the above
captioned patient,
INTERNATIONAL HEALTHCARE CONSULTANTS, INC,
85-G
\
i
,
,
{'T - I 6-L' .-
. pi &'lW- ~ f1.LVl,N(,h'1
S1"--e. e v ( ( ,l ,.~ (;.11', ,,' ,i ,:Jl,.
~~ ~..J fu)r\;Y--.
I'
Inla11llional Heallhcarc ConsultlnlS, Ine,
[(I He]
p,O.....70%9, M.rl.ll.. CA 3006$.10%9 (770) 9%6-0006%
P,()o, Box 4%726. ClDciDDali. OH 45242-0726 (513) ~2-m1
P,O. DOl16959,Wesl Ptlmbach, FL3l4I6-6959(407)511-10019
P.O. DOl 56159, Pbocnlx, A2 85079-6159 (602) 241).6963
P.O. Dox 48250, Fl. Worth, TX 76148-0250 (117) 42&-3320
Interna~ional H~lthcare was requested to carry out an impact
analysis concerning a low speed traffic accident which occurred at
approximately 4:55 p.m. on February 7, 1994, on Gettysburg Road in
Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. According to the police report,
the pavement was dry and the weather was clear at the time of the
accident. Mr. John Traum, driving a 1989 Mercury Topaz four-door,
was reportedly stopped in traffic. Mr. Traum stated that he looked
in his rearview mirror and saw a car approaching. He was
reportedly struck in the rear by a 1983 Chevrolet Citation driven
by Mr. Kevin Koons. According to the police report, the force of
the impact pushed the Mercury onto a snowbank.
Photographs of the Topaz were reviewed. None were available for
the citation, Information in the file indicated, however, that the
Citation had sustained no damage except for a problem in a light on
a "casing", which required replacement at a cost of $7.00. The
photographs of the Topaz show a cracked bumper molding and evidence
on the top surface of the bumper of forward movement of the front
bumper cover. According to various repair estimates, the Topaz
required replacement of the bumper cover, an impact strip, both
energy absorbers and a stone deflector. The repair estimates also
appear to indicate some frontal repairs having been undertaken,
undoubtedly from the contact with the snowbank. The total amount
of repairs to the Topaz amounted to approximately $1,165,60.
Also, according to materials in the file, M:..", 'fraum reportedly
struck tht steering wheel in the course of the accident.
Weights and other characteristics of the two vehicles (notably the
rated bumper strengths) were obtained, As indicated on the
attached low speed impact summary sheet, both vehicles featured
bumpers rated as "weak", This rating indicates that in barrier
crash tests of the bumpers, structural damage was sustained by each
vehicle at impact :;;peeds as low as 2,5 MPH, Thus, in an impact
causing a speed change (Delta V) of 2,5 XPH or greater, structural
. 'I
',~OTO.'1 VEHICLE E','G!NEERING EVALUATIONS
inlallllional HC\IIIbcare Consultants. \ne,
aHC]
',O.Bo.7OJ9. Morl.ll.. GA 3006S-IOZ9 (770) 92~62
P.O, BOI 42726. CiDciDDati. OH 45242-0726 (513) .,l42.2237
P,O. BOI169l9,Weathlmlluo:b,F1.3:\416-6959(407)"....049
P,O. BOI 56159, Pboenil, A2 15079-6159 (602) 246-6963
P,O. BOI 412l0, Fl. Worth, TX 76148-0HO (117) 421.3320
damage should have been sustained by the bumper on both cars, In
the absence of such damage, a collision yielding a speed change of
2.5 MPH or less can therefore be assumed.
In this instance, the differen~e in the extent of damage between
the two vehicles (which featured identical bumper strength ratings)
is quite surprising.
An attempt was made to calculate the speed changes and
accelerations resulting from a 5 MPH impact of the Citation into
the Topaz. Using the appropriate weights and other characteristics
of the two vehicles, the speed change computed for the Citation for
this coll ision amounted to approximately 3 MPH, and the speed
change for the Topaz amounted to approximately 3,5 MPH, expressed
within a geneFal range of 3.2 MPH to 3.8 MPH. The speed change
calculated for tne Topaz thus exceeded the 2.5 MPH threshold, and
the 5 MPH impact speed thus appeared reasonable. The speed change
for the citation (3 MPH) was close enough to the threshold speed of
2.5 MPH so as to be within reason. The acceleration computed for
the Topaz from this impact amounted to 2.44 g's, expressed within
a general range of 2.8 to 2.83 g's.
A 2.44 9 vehicle acceleration does not necessarily translate into
a 2.44 g acceleration of the occupant. This resl',l ts from the
dynamic effect of the collision on the human body and the fact that
various body parts (notably the head) are unsupported.
Accompanying this report is a summary page from a research report
authored by O.H. West, et al. In this series of tests, a tow truck
was driven into the rear of a 1979 Plymouth Horizon, Peak vehicle
accelerations and peak occupant head accelerations for the staged
collisions were measured, For collisions involving a vehiclA peak
aCceleration in the general range of 2.4 g's, the peak occupant
head acceleration amounted to approximately 4 g's, In my opinion,
this represents the approximate peak acceleration experienced by
the occupant of the Topaz during the impact with the citation.
For comparison purposes, I have included a summary table from a
report authored by Whitman McConnell, et al" illustrating the
results of another series of staged collisions, In these
collisions, the struck vehicle experienced sp&ed changes ranging
from approrimatelY 1,89 MPH to 5,00 MPH, The speed change
experienced by the Mercury in the subject collision fits reasonably
within this range, In this set of tests, none of the occupants of
the struck vehicle suffered any substantial or long term injuries,
I have also included for comparison purposes a summary table from
a study authored by Maury 1>.11en, et al, In this set of tests,
individuals c,utfitted with accelerometers were subjected to a
variety of dail,' activities and the peak head accelerations
llllanlidona1 HeaJtbcare Consu1t1n13. Ine,
[(I He]
',0.". 7~Z9, Marl,"., GA 3006$.IOZ9 (770) 9Z,,"6Z
P.O. BOI 42726, CLacillllaU. OH 45242-0726 (513) ~2.m7,
P.O, BOI16959.W"'P.lmBcacb,FL3341~6959(407)5""049
P,O. BOI 56159, PbOCll!x. AZ 15079-6159 (602) 24~6963
P.O. BOI 41250. Fl. Wol1h. TX 761~-0250 (117) 421-3320
resulting from these activities were measured. As the attached
table indicates, peak vector accelerations during these tests
ranged from approximately 0.6 to 10.1 g's, with a mean value of 3.5
g'8. For accelerations in the general range of 4 g's, the
corresponding activities involved being jostled in a crowd, being
slapped on the back and being seated in an office chair which was
kicked in the back.
'I
One final note needs to be made. The subsequent collision of the
Topaz with the snowbank could well have generated additional
accelerations andlor rotations which may have affected the
occupant. The report of the driver striking the steering wheel is
more consistent with a second impact of this nature. The presence
~f a se~ondary impact (in this case, with a snowbank) could lead
not only to additional or supplementary loads, but also to an
interaction ~tween the loads resulting from the separate
collisions. This certainly can affect the potential for personal
injury, particularly if constructive feedback occurs during the
occupant motion.
\"
,
Overall, it is my opinion that the collision which is the subject
of this report generated peak accelerations to the occupant of the
Topaz of approximately 4 g' s. This opinion is expressed to a
reasonable degree of engineering certainty. I appreciate the
opportunity to have been of service to you.
.D,~~( ({ !Ls
I .
Daniel R. Aerni, P.E.
.In/iemallonal Hcallhc:are ConsuItants.lne,
[(I He]
P,O, 101 702'. M.rlttt.. CA 300~102' (170) '2'-40,42
P,O,.Bo142726. CilKiDDIlI. OR 45242.0726 (513) ,.2.2237 ,
P.O, 80116959, Weal hIIlI &e.c;b, FL 3304 I 6-6959(407)1I1-8G49
P,O, BOI 56159. PIlocllil, A2 85079-6159 (602) 246-6963
P,O. B0148250. Fl. Wonh. TX 76148-0250 (817) 428-3320
LOW SPEED IMPACT SUMMARY
VER. NO. 1 (REAR)
VER. NO, 2 (FRONTl
VEHICLE
TYPE
1983 Chevrolet citation
1989 Mercury Topaz
4-door
WEIGHT
3079 lbs.
2657 lbs.
DAMAGE
SUMMARY
--Light on casing replaced
--Photo shows
bumper molding
evidence of
movement of
cover
--Bumper cover, impact
strip, both absorbers,
stone deflector replaced
cracked
and
forward
bumper
.
BUMPER
STRENGTH Weak
EST;
IMPACT
SPEED 5 MPH
ACCEL.
(g's)
DELTA-V
(MPH) 3.0
OTHER I
COMMENTS --$7.00 cost to repair
Weak
o MPH
2.44 (2.0a to 2.83)
3.5 (3.2 to 3.8)
--Car pushed onto snowbank
--Oriver reportedly hit
steering wheel
--$1,165.60 repair estimate
/
Poor
Good
Low
Good
25
Low
o
30.8
2321
97,3
;,j
..'
Front
'.'i
Good
High
, ,
20
Low
Fair
36.1
2456
I
104.9 I
< 3.000 '
89'
I..... ':'; .: . .... ':~1 ~r ~:".., .'
Front
Good
Poor Poor
20 20
W""k
1 0
38.1 38.6
3147
106
Mercury Topai'~1984-92 :,::i:.~::,~.~'rj:;'}. :::';.".'
Compact
Front
Good
27
';r~''''''~;
. .iL..u~_~
',' ..t'f:......~.
~Av~rage
"'"\~'~'''''
; ~egu13r.
..^I'.';t.......,~....
~ "'-25 ~'r~'
.~; -.1 )";~
I.~ /..' ...",1 .. .. .
;,il,lAw..,i1
~'-J:' to~J'."
~...,\f~~.r~;-f
, ,'i:flrr*';
I'.....'..., '. "
!.;~.,38.5 ;.o.:!
__..:..~:-_.::2
I' 23'73:1
Weak
o
36,5
25
21
'"
.~II}
'~.,.~1t''''~1l~
'ff'J, 9~';~j
...."'.. .1'. ~ .... ."'.' i'
W~illht (I~'.l~
"".... l":"',:~ f
WhIb'l,e (in.i.'
~i~~ $:,1; :~~ '
Low
~trorg
4
Low
Fair
33.5
21"3
- ~-----.-...--.
(J""I_..L_...~~_:'.!
. ~ :'__(".'/.:_l~~t~:~,"
. elf le,le,J '..(f 'I ,',1\(1 aort,Jr
.. Oat. r" ," r , ,'r, I~."
'.1:1
126
. ....' .' ,.:;.l"'r t.'
~
REFERENCES
1.
Allen, H.E./ Weir-Jones,
"Acceleration Perturbations
'Whiplash'"; Soine; Volume
Lippincatt company (1994).
I. / Motiuk,
of Daily Living:
19, No. 11/ pp.
O.R., et a1.;
A Comparison to
1285-1290; J.B.
2. McConnell, W.E., Howard R.P., Guzman, H.M., et al.; "Analysis
of Human Test Subject Kinematic Responses to Low Velocity
Rear-End Impacts" ; Vehicle and OccuDants Kinematics:
simulation and Modeling; Society of Automotive Engineers,
Inc., (1993).
3.
West/ D.H., Gough, J.P./ Har.per, G.T.; "Low Spep{\
Collision Testing Using Human Subjects";
Reconstruction Journal (MaY/June 1993).
Rear-End
Accident
.
.
IlI1D T.c SltIlCk T.c Strik.r DIY
No, Subj V wele "'V Subj V chiele "'V 1\0,
No, Typo (1cpb) (^,") No, Typo (1cpb) ~,.)
I 2 V... 3,48 ~.'1. I CoDver1 -4.81 ~,11 1
2 1 V... 6.4$ i,oo 4 PieJ.-up -6.04 1,1(' 2
3 I Pickup 3,04 1.1'1 4 V... -3,3$ 7...,S 2
4 4 Pickup 6,65 4,11 1 V... -6,74 ".''1 2
5 3 CoDV.rt IIA 2 Coupe IIA < 10
6 3 CODV.rt 8,06 tf.~o 2 Coupe -7,82 'I." 10
7 2 Coupe 7,83 4,11 3 CoDV.rt -9,24 .."14 10
8 2 V... 6.61 4,Q 4 Pickup -8,21 s: ,. 10
9 2 Coupe 3.93 ~ .44- 4 Pickup .3,28 t.Q4 \l
10 4 Pickup 7.03 4~1 2 Van .7.48 4.1.(' \l
, ,
.;..i iul!j..I'. ref.ral.. polall (bitcblock. mulOid prOCCU.
IIlaIlIder &Del bip) wllb rupoclto lime. IS w.1l IC lb. vehlclo
I&Ilt bIlCk,roUDd m._" ,poillll UllD' a proci.ioo optical
di,illziD, p_, Cervical ulclllioo IIld n..ioo aDalca w.re
cM&crm\Ded Ulin, di,iliz.od bi,b tpcod film ditpllUlDCOI claLl,
lba Q-tilllO aDd di.pllUlDCDHilllC clata WIS lbco comllted
&Del Iba resulll valiclated by I dcLliled ccmparilOO or lb.
calculltod claLl wilb lbo rrame by rrame vidoo rocordin,. or
lha IlIlI*l r.llled lc51 .ubjoc:l kia.malic rupolllCl,
TEST IlELATEO CUNlCAL FINDINGS - Eacb
lCIl I\lbjoc:l bad frtlm 3 lD 7 vehicl. lD vchiclo leIl collilioD
upo_, divided bclwOCD lb. .trikiD, IIld .tl'llCk rolea
durin, lb. 10 \eSl colli.ioD ..rica, (See T.blo 1.) Thcao leIl
NAI were coDductod durin, 1\10I0 wooltcod leIl pcriodl
ICpanled by III eiabl clay bilrus, No....1 .ubjocI reported
bevin, diocomIort.ymploms durin, or immediltely Ifter lilY
ot tho leIl collisiolll, Tcs/ ",bjOC:I Dumber 4 DOted DO
.ymplDlDI II 011 ,..l.otod lD hi. 6 tul ..po"',..., llc,iDDin,
low &Del mid.ooc:k diocomfort over lbe area of hi. C6. C7 IlD4
Tl vor1CbrllaDd WlICQmIortu. biSlnpcziUl mu.scull/W'l CD !be
monWI' rollowiol bi. lbroc ....1 NAI 00 clay 10, 'Poll polo.
WIC 'ODe lbo DOli clay. bUI be coDti.aued lD beve mild
wocomIort 00 Cllre- Dock CllcllsioD ...d lateral n..ioa Wltil
II ,raduolly raolved dUMlthe oUllhroo clay., No lJUI!JICG1
or lb.rllpy was Deeded aDd DCIDe of lbe leIl par1icipaoLl bad
aDY (urlber .ymplOms thai relatod lD lb.ir ....1 OIpoauro1 for
,ruter \hall .i,blOCD mootha followio,lbe WIlD"
PHOTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF AN EXAMPLE
KINEMATIC RESPONSE - Tho rollowin, il a dcacriptioD
or ooc tullUbjOC:I'. kinematic rc.cpoDlClto a typicallCll (RIID
7). as be ..pcriCllc:al I rorward ",V of 7 ,83 kpb (U7 mpb),
(Soo Fiaurc 1.)
Ph...., 1 . 10ili.1 Re5I)(lose (0 to 100 mill;....nodsl -
Durin, lbe first 50 milli$ClCOoda .fter bumper impacl. Ibo
",bjoc:l'. eotire body .ppcarcd motioal... with rerereo.. lD lbe
teal.i... boI:k,round. whil.the vehicle IIld driver'l.... moved
rorward oboul S to 8 ...,limdlCn (2 lD 3 iDcbel), Al obout 60
milliooc:ooda .ft.r cooLICI. lbe lower put or lbo _ba<:k
cuahioa bad boc<lme compreaaed ..,ou,b 10 bellD moviD& tho
.1
, ~
.';
Table 1.
Tesl Subject Driven Low Velocily Collision Test Series
"
lboul 4' to 60 minu.... Ifte~ re.st 2, lesl subjecl Dumber 1
reported . .l\IoIiD~.. of dj"""mfort .. the poslerior blo.soo or IUs
Deck whicb I...tod .boullWO bou". The discoouort WL' gooe
by lb. lime or hi. pMliCipolioo in te.t number 3 and did 001
recut later. Test subjo:t Dumher 2 nOIc:d the on<;et of
-a.:b.inesaw in the pJ.r~pirl41 Gl~':"':U:J,;'..Ht: Ilt th~ ha..c,.e (If hj~
Deck tho moro.in~ of IJ:..St dJy t~, aft~r pMti.:iratinb in I total
or 6 &e4i1 ~ during the precewJl."1a r....~, J..iIy Ie....' ~<n'~,J, ffi~
'YlDfltoa::.l luted about 4..5 hdunl &!1J rc.~...)I\ieJ '""lthOl.lt
recu.rre.ou. Tc&t ''J.bjo.:t C'.~~t~: 3 rO:j)l.):--tc...J t..hc: OC'.sd of mild
tal subject's IUps and low bock rorward IIld upward (s..
Fiiuro 2). Al lbe """" lime, the upper part o( t.h. _boI:k
was flexing re<lJ'W.rd with r..,peel 10 lb. vehicle and lb.
sulbock cushioo WL' being compr..-J 00 t.he tal oubjocl'.
.,ill ourly 5ulior.uy upper torso.
fh;.<e 1 ' PPn.j~ Forward Acc<lenil,oU (100 10200
(llilli,",ond'l - Al .buUI 100 nulllsc<ooJ." the ....tbAo:k bid
De.aLtly racb(.-d ILi tn.lUlmum ruJ......"IlId nex~ positioD of about
10 c.kw:r~ ~st iL'i n0rn~ position, U1J the leBC lubject'.
upper lrunk hJlJ be~un """eo"",1 (orw&nl and upward. Tbo
23
11
.ACC/OfNT RfCONSTFlUCIJON JOURNAL
LOW SPEED REAR-END COLLISION TESTING USING nUMAN SUBJECTS
By D. H. West, P.E,; J, P. Gough, P,E,; G. T. K, Harper, P.E.
ABSl'IlACT
Hurun yolunlter IllbJrcu were l!:Ipoted 10 the (orca of low.peed rur ImpaClI,
n. ,ubJeCI.were Ic:lled In paUC"Jrr ~rhiclc:l .nd were opoK\110 Impacts up
(o,.nd ac.cclJlnl. IhecurTcnl Cln.din bumpcra1and.N of./\ 8 kmIh (5 mph)
blnier Impacl, Th. lesl dlla Indfolded Ihe ",chicle velocities .nd .calerallonl,
occupanc leal.nllon.. vehicle dam'lf .uaamenl, .nd .,;l.leo recordin. ot
vehicle .tld oc.cup.nl raponac 10 thc c.olll.lon Corca.
The tall re"o'rJltd th.l hum.n lubject. can be used 10 .uesa occupant dynamla
In ,,,,,,.peed Impa". wilhoul ri.k or InJul)"o .he 'Ub),,", The I""el. 01 hud
ICCCICrlllon Ind neck atcnlion wert round to be well below published thresh-
old.where c.crvlallO(lUuUC Injut')' ....ould be expected (Qr hullhy individual..
ItEYWORDS,
Whlpl..h. rear-cnd ImpacLI, ccrvialllraln
INTRODUCTIOS
Low lpeed reu ImplCLs which re"ullln Ii~( 0( no dama,c 10 Ihe Ilruck \/Chicle
comprise Ililninc.anl perccntil&c oC the lolal number o(motorvchicle accldenls,
p.nlcul.uly in urban areal. While the damJlc raullinl from Inee impaclIls
mlnilllll or non-aislcnl, claima or neck or back injury oflen mull.
In Ihe pAIl le'Ycn )'e.1n. B.ker EneinecrinC Lid, hll Investl'3tcd Uloua.andl or
colli.lon. ollhi. type. In order 10 qunnlity Ihe (orca Ind displ.cemcnls
apcricnccd by Ihe ~upanls oC the struck vchlere. a num~r or IIJ&td coll151on
lall han been pcrfonncd. The low speeds lnvol\lcd in Ihc:!c implicts cn.bled UI
10 use humanvoluntccMllo USOIlhc oecupanl dyo.mica wilhout rilk or Injury,
thereby "",crcomlnl the dn...baclu or ulioa anlhropomclric dummies or c:.aday-
CrI. Thll piper lummarizes Ihe rcsulu o(a.omc oC Ihe lestswe h''14: conducted.
BACKCROUND
tn Canada, MotOr Vehicle Sa relY Regul3tion 21~1 requires that vehicles be
equipped with. bumpers capable oC absorbina the Corces occ:umn& In an 8 IunJlt
(5 mph) filed barrier impact without sustaining dJmaac 10 the liahlina. (uel or
exh.ust system. and als.o that the hood, tNnk, and dool'1 ope:ral~ properly
followinllhesc lestS. The energy .bosorption capabilities or such bumpen ilrc
commonly achieved through Ihe use oC either nard bumper beams which are
'(llched 10 Ihe vehicle structure vIa hydraulic isol~ton, or, rigidly mounted
bumpers which are ovcrlaid will\ energy absorbing roam cushions, II is these
Incrl)' Ibtorbinl bumpcrsY'lemswhich enablc:vehides 10 undergo a su~tanlill
Impact without suslalnina any residual dc:Corm'lion.
The current medical literature concerning Ihe '.......hiplash" phenomenon de-
acribes that this type or injury occurs as a result or the hyper-C:Xlcnsion or Ihe
c<<rvic.al ponion o( the spine. Merlz and Palrick2 have reported Ihal .:crvial
a1enslon should be: limited to 60 degrees in order 10 prevent such injllry.
HowC'Ycr, (or le";cls o( cervical C:Xlcn~ion approlldinllhc physiotoaical tinlil,
ccrvic.allorquc m.,y be a betler mc.uure of injury-causin, polential. TIlc non.
Injury levet for a 50th pcrccnti:le male has been r~por1cd 10 occur al a torque,
m~surcdaboullhcoecipit.3t cJndytes.of 47 N.m (3~ fl.lb)while Ihe lorque Il.'\'el
It which Iil~menlous injury occurred W:lS 57 N.m (4~ fl.lb).
One of the earlj~1 l/lvc-,tig,llions u( Ihe v.hip1.l.'lh phcnlm:cll'_Jn wa~ n:p<'lrtcd~!)'
SC'o'ery el a14. Tho:y cOnuIJ<:.It:J l'~;lr im ~,I"':ILI.::JIS III '...l1i~h IIJ :~;;J~ ',ullJn: t:-<,:r; ....c~c
scared in the sl [1; :~; '.ehi~k Th~ \":~li:k: i..... ,,1,-:.1 were nn! cfjuirr,<,d ....flll ~ncrgy
IIbsorbinll blJr;".~r.:-', ;lnJ nn 11'~:L'~ r(-,:r:II~~I' \l. ,:,rc ,1\',111.1 r-k Li [llc nll1cr rllhli.~hcd
research hal ber:n cltnJuclcJ In ....hl.:11 II~c r~rt1n:;e or hum~n"" r;llher than
dummio or C,"~,lven\. h,H h<'cn d. .~\jrr,'::',lt...: 'lllC ..I".('n.:e (,r ene~hY Jtx.nrDlllg
bumpcrs or se.l' ~,ldl', (I( <Idc'llJ,lle bc,~II' Ie rr,'\'IJc he;,": SlJrf'nrL lImJls lhe
Ippllc.abill!Y (I( Lho: St.",cr') rt::tdl~ L' 11-".~k; \>:',~I~le, ,,; \~,,:-r':nl ":l': I~n
There.lrin~r,,;I~tu-:,'~~"':I,'i ,v' '''j'.' .
lo~imul.1!espe;irl': ~t:~I: ....,.fl,; 11~~i;l~:' ';1,': ~'.':
de$(rir.c~ ir I~,~ f '-..'
'.:.J -, '.:: ).;!...: ~o(':.'r J,.,,:, li:n'~.1
.!:" ~ '~'~,,:::.' 0: I~H-:C IC".I',.He
TfST Mf.lIlOD
Th.I.., mulll rrpor1rd In Ihl. publiCA' Ion ..e,. o'l.nlzrd 10 dupllalr .po_ln_
IccldenllCt'nlriOl. The ltehlcla were &elecled 10 dupllcale the aanuiOl undcr
con.iderlIIOn, .nd u .uch. Ihcrr WI' no intenalo.ueu In)' plnlcul.r venlcle
pcrfonnlnec or rel.lilte per1'onn.nc.c. The humin tcst lub!eclI wen III Dllla
.nd nnl~ In 'Ie rrom 2j )'ean t043 )'ean. The .ubjccllwereor nanDlI ph)'llc.al
ClOndltlon ror their 111':1 Ind none hid .n)' prc-ajJtinalplnll denclencla.
Eo_h.ubj.., ""',.. helme, ..hl_h.... nnnly allaehrd 10 Iheh..d Onlhehelme',
Ihrtc acx.clcromclcn were Ittached 10 fCc.ord .culcnllona In Ihe X. VI .nd Z
dlrectlon. AcccleroID4tcr cap.billties were + 2.0,00 I with uelUllivtry of O,O! I,
A Iln,le Irl....I.I.cccleromelcrwll D10Unled onto Ihc lell vehicle. The .blllry to
Idequ'ldy ICCUrc thlJ .ccclerom'lcr 10 Ihe vehicle provtd 10 be . IllnlnClnl
ClOnaldcrlllon 10 .vold vlbratlonlllnlerfcrcnoc. The Implcl.peed orlhe vehicle
wu reco"Jed u.aln,. pneum.tlc lruLJle .ptcm.
0.11 from Ihe .ca:leromeler wu .cqulred II j:OO IIlDples pcr ICCOnd by ·
Hewlett Paclurd OJmpuler, Ihe I(,cclerallon CUNei weR dl.pl.)'ed Ihrouah.n
HP Colour Jel printtr, Ind the Icaleratlon maximum. were tlbullted Ihf'Qu,h
Ihe JOflwlre. 51,nll conditloninllnd rillerinl were accomplilhed In .ccordance
with 5AE ,uldelino'. The acquisition pllckale 15 propriel'ry .nd was prepared
by Weir,Jones Enaincerin, Consullant. lid. Video recorda were mlde or the
occupant .nd vehicle dynamics (or laler 'ludy.
TEST RESULTS
S.,inA
Our urliesttcsl WII intended 10 limul~te a simple rc.ar-cnd collision in which lhe
Itruck vehkle WIS llation.ary, The Icst vehicle wu IU\lck in the rur by I lOW
lruck.
Sldkinl ltchic1e
Struck vehicle
SIMklnl Yehlcle
Speed P",k
Acccteration
(km/h)~(g)
1.8 09
2,9 I,J 0.9
3.2 to 1.0
4.7 ,A 1.5
5.5 1.4 15
6.1 1.1 1.7
7.1 ~. 1 9
7Z .d.t. OZ.4
80 ro 30
87 r4 28
98 'J 29
IUi'" 3.1
. Tow lruck wllh steel push bumper
. 1919 PI~mouth Horizon. oS door
. Bumper desi,n .oolator
,..,oke Icna.h 1>1 mm (25In,.hcs)
. HC.1d IUppclr1 .Inlelral
.81 em (32Inehcs) hlah
. Occupanl slalure .183 em (72 Inches)
Oecupllnl Peak Yehlcle
Head Displacement
Accclenlion
x' '~- -2."
(a) (g) (g) (em)
13
13
14
96
31
46
l.5 1.1 0.5
12 17 0.5
23 1.8 0.5
19 10 10
2.3 13 18
45 Z,O 18
J.8 109 1.9
48 30 l.8
iJ JJ ~,9
70 3' 28
83 3.4 28
1~4
l()ol
l~Z
no! rl',c;I~'Jrc,l
.. oncnl.l:10n ~lQn;ILlJJln.lt. y.:.llc!r.:. z-'.t:nic.11
Isolator
Compres!lon
tAft RighI
(mm) (mm)
13 13
22 29
22 29
48 44
48 44
48 44
rull full
filII full
full Cull
full full
full rull
rull rull
j",'\n:.r ,. F'I".."',,,';" r:,' J" !(.J' U'Ij',I,'t Iu;.r vII'l)II'ln},' a 10" l1"tJ.;k and a
f/\.'1..UV. lilll';:OI'l.
.,'
I EWO penonl 'R
"on.-Irom th.
.1 p.rNrbarion I.
, cause inlury, In
on. .re INly th.
" likely 10 be 10,
rid In rbl. .Ndy,
in, down InIO a
: not chi lime for
"Iorm .lmUarly,
perNlb.the body
cf unorm"" cKo
l. Thl. 'Ndy u..d
a way to complre
:ved In .imp!e ev.
altl feaf.end mo"
\CS. luch as .win,-
<led. lookin, over
;J, crClud acuter.
e b.cklltoW1d of 1
UI to occur under
10,1 G
~.
8,5G
,untldon 01 m, vlclOr
a' ""tOQ In chli," .vtnt.
:h U\I lorclS ~oyl4 bl
ml/'l,"{urriUltldllltir
h,I'IUdi"l/'lis se~.m.tIC
"an ..pr'Hlon or thl
. 0...1, Pcmublrion. VcnuI ''I':'~pl&ahl , 111'
rabl. 2, H..d ..,. forc. P.""r1ledona 01 O.lIy Llvln;
II.., O",,"d ",ce,I",oon 10.1 'i,rtlul CI/lcltd Acullllqon tllIl Vlelll "'ultf,un VICI"MIII
.,- -,- -,- .,. -,- "," ",-t" "l-t"
hllll Low HI~h ~OIn lAw ti19" Mu" '..11 V.lllI D."...
. lOIlIr.'''' 0.1 0.' OJ 01 01 0,' O' lU
, Sul1'1 OJ ~1 0,5 OJ O' 0,4 0,1 ...5
. Sl'louldlf""CIr. OJ 1.1 0.1 0.1 0,_ OJ 1.1 III
. Slln,vll 0,_ I.! 01 0,' IJ 01 1.1 110
, Hud lIab .., 1.1 1,- 0.1 1.1 04 11 IU
. $itclo....n 0,5 I,' 1.1 0,4 10 10 U IlJ
. S/l..n 0.1 I.! 10 0.5 U II U IIJ
. CouV" 0,5 3,0 1.1 OJ 1.1 0.1 3J lO.!
, C,owd 10111. 0.' U I.- 0.1 30 1.1 1.I IlJ
, SlIP on Uck 05 U 11 ... 1.1 I' -,I ILl
, Klckclllir 10 3.1 1,1 0.1 U IJ _J 3U
. Hall 0" flIP IJ U ~7 11 U U ',1 ILl
. '100 In cll.ir 1.1 $.I IJ ~O ',5 U 10.1 IOJ
Mun. 0,1 U I.- 01 U 1.1 lJ 41J
"''9'', ~. tI"4 ""'"1 01 .~hl I\,jOllet. m..."'" lor a<<:II,"llCln 8 rorc.. '.~"IWi '" ltle ,..' dw-ICWJl'III &.11.I1. .,.,.s ~IU IItr\lul tI ,,"I . 13 "'"'"
....rm 0' rI"1'I IMrtIjI. Sill, to .lde y Ul'''''" WI' \4,.,...."11..,1 tt1d....u not ~l)\olelld, \'h. 1C.uI.tl~ ....era, .".,.,... 01, ,o~.. IIwtl"Ic\jIl'.o I~ lII4lN.1irnum
....luU ct I '1'1'1 r 'or ..r-. ....tH. Th, ."VII or ~ 'D~U /lOfIMIII' U'Ie dil'K\lotl 01 LII, ~.IO' in c1~"" Ircwn t'MJr'IrOfl\ll. A . kVWI, me.".... or.,. pIIN'l4MI
mo--.,.,....l'It. JI .. ~u.I\'., m..,,.,-t ,n U"y'OI.tl"Oll.cl or 1'1111"" motIOn CI"IIV lINt peDP'l'~'.tvucl .,....'.I\"IM.I,II.,ne1l1a we/' co.lld on one 'lflll"'- QnJy GrlI
11.IC11K1 ...... '1.1(.'" 'rom beNI"d 1ft 11I1 d'\ail, It ,nc,."~ '"'WI,rUIIY!) 10 In. rn&lIlfT1lOrn Gm.' tOlerated by u... Illc_.,.
such cirC'!mstances, then it can be considered to occur
spontaneously.
Other simple daily even~, such as Inl:ezing. cough-
ing, or being jostled as if in a crowd, were shown to
Q'C.1tc ma..ximum accelerations to the hud (and corre-
.ponding lorquclevcl,.. the neck) of 2.9 g ro 3.6" Thi,
leyel of per:Nlbarion was recognizable by the subjecu,
but ...Iso was cor:si-d-<<ed trivial. Th~ upper level of jos.
ding experienced by the .ubiecu was for hopping off ·
step and plopping down into a chair, with respective
vector a"elc",ion, 01 8.1 g .nd 10,1 " neither of
which caused any adverse notice by the subjects. Is this
an uppellimit of normal ~olelance? Exploring the tower
limics ot routine eventS is sa(e, bu~ exposing subjectS co
forces ~hat could be considered injurious would be eth.
ically trC3cherous.
Without the application o( some external force, mere
can be no modon. Ultimately, it is the appliation of
some excern:11 (oree that uuses bodily modon th:at
should be responsible for all that (allows, particularly if
ph.ysical bodily injury is to be considered. With the
advent of 50phistkared accelerometers and high-speed
computer.based acquisition systems, colleering acceler.
ation data for various bodily perrurbacions is fC:1~iblc.
The purpose of this srudy was to express an extension.
nexion modon that could be related ~o the sO-CJ,llec
"whip\J.sh" rnonon of MYA scenarios. The extension
r.tngc wu not me.tsllred, only the 2"elecacior1s or "g"
for,e,. We found chat in one event of daily Jctlviry, the
vector ;lcceler~don of to.4 g was experienced unevcnc.
fupy. The,e 'Ialucs m3Y be comparable in (occe anJ
direcdon fO low vclociry no.d.1mage re:H.end MVA,.
When ornp3ring: J"clt:r:uion HceHe, berwe~n d:lily ..;.
t;',IInc:~ .lnd \tV..~'j, ie i, import,lnt only w c...rT~p,: [he:
,,~. ;;\',~i,::cr J"::~. For .:'':Jrr.r1e:, \;t,.'eH'S ,\{'.'r. b',Ht,p
.rudy" u"d only the horllon..1 "x" ax;', Th.refore,
when this rypc of d... I. compared 10 the .",.Iendon
pemub.rion. of daily living, only the .ame axil obould
be referenc.d.
NOle that thi, sNdy wa, limiled In the number 01
volumel:r5. The fuli spectrum of the population, with ·
prcsumed wide variance in phy.lcal and psycholoalc
pro61cs. was noc ~es~l:d.
In thi, ,rudy, the aceeleradon. uperienced by rho
head in activities 01 daily Uvlng wore "..." th.n would
be inruirivcly expected. Also. the .mleraaon. appeared
to be greater chan those letn in the sam. pua 01 the
body durin, some no-damage malar vehicle rcar-cnd
imp.acu. When alsosing the claims of and porrndaJ (or
injury from an aceidenr, many medical. p.yeholoalc,
and po.uible nomogenic faw.! 01 the cue need 10 lie
cor-,ldered, One factor \, the ..dm... 01 the lor... rhal
wore applied 10 the pmon and the ranle 01 po..lbl.
tinue damage <1>.. could be ..used by applyin, .uch
(orees. With no-damage accidents, one can real.WI III
"cidenr victim who h.d o.herwise been &i&hlCncd by
rumors of horror and the mystery thac somrtimcs fol-
lows the MVA .......hip!.tsh.' scenuio.
Ret.r.nces
1. Bogduk N. The anatomy and l'afhophyliololY o( .hl,.
la1h, Cliniu.l Biom~d'la;,la 1986;1:92-101.
2. Cats-Baril WI., Frymoyer JW. Idenrifyinl padenmll Nil
of beeomin. diubled be~U1e (1f low bade pain. The V_""
Renabiliuoon Enpnetring Center Predictive Model. (!II"",
Orthopaedic: Auot:iadon Award for Spin..1 Racalchl. SplM
1991;16,605-7.
J, McConnell WE, HOVfard POP, BUlman H.\t, c, OIl. AAalytii
Qf nlJman teH ,ubltc:t kiMmario:: mpor'Uu to low velocity tI"
end impH'u. Sodtry ()f AuromGti...c Enginecrins. "'1. flel\.
nlot pJper 1'11). 9J.).:;S'l.
]UN 16 'S7 ~S:48AM I H C
P,2
InternllllolfDl H..ltbure Coftlullllnl:', Ine,
(I H C)
p,O, 101 702', M.ri.IllI, 0430065,102'
P.O. 1101 41126, CI..lnn.d, OH 45242,0726
P.O B.I 312, Mlddl'IO"'., P....170S7
P,O, B.I 48250, FI. Worlh, TX 76141-02S0
(770) no.oon
(513) 9'H~7
(717) "".1667
(117) 421.3320
ROB~RT M. YANCHUS, M,O,
Summary of Qualifications
EDUCATION
Univer.ity of Pittsburghr Pittsburgh, PA, B.S., 1945-46
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, M.D., 1946-50
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburqh, PA, Internship, 1950-51
Children" Hoepital, Pittsburgh, PA, Residency-Pediatric
Orthopedics, 1951-55
Veterans Administration, PittSburgh, PA, Residency- Adult
Orthopedics, 1951-55
Pre.byterian Ho.pital, Pittsburgh, PA, Residency-Adult
Orthopedic., 1951-55
POSITIONS
Orthopedic Surgery, N.w Kensington, PA, Private Practice,
7/55 to 12/86
Citizens General Hospital, New Kensington, PA, President, Medical
StaH, 1990-81
Citizen. General Hospital, New Kensington, PA, Head, Dept. of
Surgery, 1991-93
Citizen. General Hospital, New Kensington, PA, Head of Infection,
Utilization, Admission and Long Stay Committees
1960-80
LICENSUJU:
Pennsylvania, North Carolina, nnd South Carolina
PROfESS;ONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Pennsylvania Medical Society
American Academy of Orthopeaic Surgeons
Tri-County Medical SOcietr
Interstate Orthopedic Soo ety
Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Fraternity
.
I'
( Rev. 4/9 7 )
',O.80170ZII, M"rItl'". GA 30065-IOZ' (770) 'Z60406Z
P.O, Box .Z726. Ci.Dc:lIlIlIli, OH .52A2.0726 (513) ~2.2237
P,O. Box 16959. WearP.1m Bcacb, F1. 3304 1 6-6959(407) 5BU049
P,O. Box 56159, PbOCllix, AZ "079-6159 (602) 246-6963
P,O, Box .8250, 1'\. Worth, TX 76148-0250 (817) .28-3320
MR. BRYON M. WILSON
ALLSTATE INS. CO,
6345 FLANK DRIVE
SUITE 1000
HARRISBURG, PA 17112
04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
1551562646
01-0044764
Date
RE
CLAIM II
IHC II
Dear MR, WILSON
On Feb 09 1996, we received the above referenced consultation
request for Impact Analysis, This evaluation is based on the
documentation provided to us and general principles of accident
reconstruction and physics, The medical assessment is additionally
based on the general standards of care in the profession, and if the"
provider wishes us to consider additional information concerning
the clinical status of the patient, he should submit copies of
those pertinent documents to be forwarded to us for evaluation during
the appeal period,
The following documents were reviewed to support the necessity,
appropriateness, and relatedness of all treatment to the above-noted
claimant for injuries alleged in the motor vehicle accident of
February 7, 1994: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Police Accident Report
dated February 7, 1994; Impact Analysis report from an engineering
company; bill from Becker's Towing in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, for
$35; bill for repairs from Auto Body by Schaum'S, Bensalem,
Pennsylvania, for $1165,60; claim photograph records of the rear end
of the claimant's 1989 Mercury Topaz Sedan; Police Department Lower
Allen Township Report, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1994;
Application for Benefits/ Personal Injury Protection submitted by this
patient, February 26, 1994; report of a CT scan of the lumbar spine
performed at St, Mary Hospital, Langhorne, Pennsylvania, March 5,
1987; office notes from Thomas Javian, M. D" from April 27, 1987,
through June 18, 1991; x-ray report of the lumbosacral spine, June 14,
1988, taken at St, Mary Hospital; office notes from Anthony G.
Vincent, a chiropractor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from February
26, 1993, through February 4, 1994; a second group of office notes
from Dr, Vincent, February 18, 1994, t.hrough March 30, 1994, for a
motor vehicle accident of February 7, 1994, and treatment thereof;
note of ~arch 18, 1994, to Ms, Olson from John Traum, with information
regarding first automobile accident of January 17, 1994, and second
automobile accident of February 7, 1994; Holy Spirit Hospital
Emergency Room record from February 7, 1994, including x-ray reports
of the chest and cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine; office notes from
John Sbarharo, Jr., M,D" orthopedic surgeon, from April 21, 1994,
through and including a discharge summary of December 5, 1994;
itemized l,st of medical expenses for motor vehicle accident of
February 7, 1994, from Holy Spirit Hospital, A.Z. Ritzman Associates
of ~echanjcsburg, Pennsylvania (for x-rays), Dr. A.G, Vincent and Dr,
Sharbo"c,; E.n:l a EC-l"ir,s of 1"tu3rs fHlm O'Brien & O'Brien Associates,
, .
. Inllrnlljonal HeaIlhc:are ConsuIIIIIIs, Inc,
((I' He]
P,O....7019, M.rlell.. GA 3006S-1019 mil) 916-0061
P.O, &1 42716. CiDciDDali. OH 4S2A2.0716 (SI3) 942.2237
P,O. D01169S9. WcstPIIm Bc.:b,FL330416-69S9(407)SIU049
P.O, DOl S61S9. PbOCDix, AZ .S079-6IS9 (602) 246-6961
P,O, DOl 482S0. Fl. Worth, TX 76141-02S0 (117) 428-3320
Date
RE
CLAIM *
IHC *
t 04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
1551562646
01-0044764
Philadelphia, Fennsylvania,
Pennsylvania,
This 48-year-old meat cutter was headed west on Gettysburg Road and
was stopped for traffic at the intersection with 41st Street, when his
vehicle was rear-ended by a 1983 Chevrolet Citation, This patient's
vehicle was pushed into a snowbank, requirin~ Becker's Towin~ for
removal, He was treated at Holy Spirit Hospltal, after arrivlng at
6:09 p,m, Complaints at this time were back and right thumb pain,
1 ightheadedness, nausea, and headache, X-rays were takeh of the chest
and cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine, Slight narrowing was noted at the
C5-6 disc space. No significant neural foraminal encroachment was
noted, The thoracic and lumbar spine x-rays were negative except for
small spurring at L4 and facetal arthritis at L5-Sl, This patient was
discharged at 8:45 p.m. with a dia~nosis of MVA with back sprain. He
was given a prescription for Motrln 400 mg, and Skelaxin, He was
advised to follow up with the emergency room as needed and to return
if any problems.
to Allstate
Insurance,
Harrisburg,
This patient had been rear-ended earlier in the year, on January 17,
1994, by a 1988 Plymouth Horizon. He also reported that he injured
himself at work in 1987, when he fell while carryi~g a tray of meat.
A CT of the lumbar spine of March 5, 1987, at St. Mary Hospital
suggested a lateral herniation of the L5 disc on the right, He was
subsequently treated by Dr, Thomas Javian from April 27, 1987, until
June 18, 1991.
He later began treating on February 26,. 1993, with Dr, Anthony
Vincent, a chiropractor in Philadelphia, who diagnosed him with
cervical/lumbar strain, He continued treating at monthly intervals
with Dr, Vincent in 1993, and on February 2, 1994, five days before
the second accident, he had undergone a "cervical/thoracic
adjustmeit" ,
Subsequent to the February 7, 1994,
treating again with Dr, Vincent on
approximately every two weeks, with
March 30, 1994, again for
cervical/thoracic/lumbar strain,
motor vehicle accident, he began
February 18, 1994, returning
the last visit being recorded as
a diagnosis listed as
On April 21, 1~~4, nearly t.hree months post-accident, this patient was
referred to Dr, John Sbarbaro, Jr" orthopedic surgeon, He stated the
c~iropractic treatment was of limited value,. His physical examination
at this t ;n,,,, ~h:,..'",d that the, neck/lumbar spine had 90% mobility, with
2
Inllmlllpnal Hea1thcIre CansuJIInlS.Inc,
((IHC]
'.0.... 7029, Marlot1.. GA 30065-1029 (770) 92~062
P,O, Dol 42726. CiDcillllatl. OH 452A2.0726 (513) 942.2237
P,O. BOI16959. Will Palm Beacb,FL 3341 6-6959(407)5""049
P.O. BoI 56159. PbOCDlx, III 15079-6159 (602) 2A6-6963
P.O, BOI 41250. Fl. Wol1b, TX 76141-0250 (117) 421-3320
Date
RE
CLAIM
IHC
I 04110/96
I JOHN 'l'RAUM
* I 1551562646
* I 01-0044764
pain at extremes of motion. This was diagnosed as acute
cervical/lumbar strain with radiculopathy secondary to the MVA of
February 7, 1994, HNP was to be ruled out, Lumbar MRI was scheduled
and was done on April 25, 1994, and was negative for lumbar disc
herniation, canal, or foraminal stenosis, He was fitted with a
lumbosacral brace, He was also given a prescription for Day-Pro.
He was seen in follow-up on June 28, 1994, noticing some improvement
but also with ri9ht leg and lower back pain, Neck symptoms had
cleared, Beginning May 19, .June 16, and..._July 14, he noticed
improvement. A letter of October 12, 1994, to Attorney Roger
Harrington notes that at this time the lumbar spine had normal
mobility and the neurological examination was negative. He saw him on
November 30, 1994, indicating the patient had gotten his weight down
to 180 ~ounds and felt better. Physical examination was negative, and
prognosis was guarded, The discharge summary was submitted by Dr.
Sbarbaro on December 5, 1994, again noting physical examination was
essentially nega~ive, although he had pain at the extremes of motion.
Prognosis was described as guarded. He was to use a back brace for
strenuous activities,
I am asked to review this file for necessity and .ppropriateness of
treatment, As noted in the report by the engineering company, the
damage to the claimant.s car was $1165,60, However, it should be
pointed out that the damage to the vehicle striking his car was all of
$7 to replace a light bulb,
The engineer determined the vehicle transmitted the force of impact to,
the claimant's vehicle of approximately 4 g's, This force is
described as being the equivalent of "being jostled in a crowd, being
slapped on the back, or being seated in an office chair which was
kicked in the back", '
The treat~ent of injuries from rear-end collisions such as this are
commonly known as whiplash, A low-impact collision could be handled
with no treatment and be expected to be better in a month or two, at
the very most, This fact is dor.umented by the engineer's report, in
which he also references articles from ~E~~~: Volume 19, Lippincott
Company, 1994/ an article from Society of Automotive Engineers, 1993,
by McConnell, W,E" at ai, and an engineering study from the Accident
Recons~ruS_t..~()n_.1..o."!n'!!, Kay/June 1993/ by [J,H, West/ et al.
It is worthwhile noting that this claimant had undergone treatment in
the Fa~t [-,'1' a rliagnclsis of injuries to his LS disc, which had
3
InIanIIlor* HIIlIIthcIre ConsuItants,lne,
((I He))
P~O.BOI 70J'. Mulot'.. GA 3006S-IOZt (770) 'Julin
P,O, Box 4J726. CiDc:iDDaU. OH 45242-0726 (513) 942.2237
P.O, Box 1695'. Well Palm S-b, FL 33416-6959(407)5....049
P,O. Box 56159. Pboeolx, AZ 1507~6159 (602) 246-6963
P,O. Box 41250. Fl. Worth, TX 76141.0250 (117) 421-3320
Date
RE
CLAIM t
IHC t
I 04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
1551562646
01-0044764
recovered, He was actually being treated at the time of the second
motor vehicle accident on February 7, 1994, for another rear-end
collision on January 17, 1994, by Dr. Vincent, a chiropractor, He had
been "adjusted" on February 2 and 4, 1994, for cervical/thoracic
strain,
out of the
forces, in
a crowd or
The engineering study submitted takes some of the mystery
rear-end collision, which brings it down to basic physical
this case, 4g's, described as no more than being jostled in
sitting in a chair._and having it kicked on the back,
This brings back to mind addressing the impressions of the MRI and its
reasonableness, and I would point out that an MRI at this point with
90% cervicdl range of motion and a negative neurological examination,
in my opinion, was not indicated, With reference to the chiropractic
treatment by Dr, Vincent from February 18, 1994, through March 30,
1994, it is my opinion that this type of treatment was unnecessary.
Frankly, if one used a "whiplash" as a hyperextens ion/ flexion
strain/sprain of the neck ligaments, so-called "adjustments" would
have nothing but a deleterious influence on the stability of the
spinal column,
.
Addressing the treatment by Dr, Sbarbaro, it is my opinion that the
initial visit of April 21, 1994, was reasonable, The fitting of a
back brace also was reasonable, although the cost of $210 is
excessive, It is noted the claimant has a 90% normal range of motion,
and I am sure he would have done guite well with a generic canvas
lumbosacral support with Velcro fasteners in the front, It would
simply be more cost-efficient,
Addr.essing the treatment from Dr.. Sbarbaro, as reflected in the
billing of eight office visits from April 21, 1994, through October 5,
1994, I ~would question any further visits after July 14, 1994,
Revi8win~ the doctor's office notes on July 14, this patient is
described as "doing good" and is noted to have a full range of motion
of his back, with negative tension signs noted with an SLR of 90
degrees,
Regarding the degenerative changes noted in the
cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine, these would, of course, be consistent
with the claimant's age of 48 years. It is my opinion, based on
review of the documentatIon in this file, that this patient sustained
a low-impact whiplash injury (hyperextension/flexion) with reference
4
.
Inllnllllonel H...... ConIuItInII, Inc,
[I He])
..0,...10%9, Marlolt.. GA 300"-1029 mi) t2uO'2
P,O, 801 42726. CIDc:...u. OH 45242.0726 (5U) 942.2137
P,O, Bolt 16"9. Will Palm BoKb,fl. 3341 ~9"(407)51U049
P,O, 801 56159, PbOClllx, AZ 15079-6159 (602) 24606963
P,O.801 41250, F\, WOllh, TX 76141-0250 (1\7) 42a.mO
Date
RE
CLAIM
IHC
I 04/10/96
I JOHN TRAUM
It I 1551562646
It I 01-0044764
to his cervical and lumbar spine. This injury has a good prognosis
for healing, with or without treatment.
Robert Yanchus, M.D.
Orthopedic Surgeon
Signed copy available upon request.
12-G
.
5
"\
\1
1
I"
,
o'
Intemialon.J ~faI1hcIrI ConIuItanIs,lnc.
tI He])
'.0.". 70n, Marlotl.. GA )OO~102' (770) '2'-"'2
P,O, Box 42726, ClDclmlall. OR 45242.0726 (513) 1'42.2237
P.O. Boa 16959. W... Pa1m 1lcKb, Ft3:141 ~959(407) 5....049
P.O. Boa 56159. PbOQix, AZ 15079-6159 (602) 246-6963
P,O. Box 41250. Fl. Wonb, TX 7614-0250 (117) 421-3320
Datel 04/18/96
Patient I TRAUM, JOHN T.
Pagel 1
Provider SBARBARO, JOHN L., JR., M.D.
ORTHO. ARTHRITIC AND HAND SURG
GSB BUILDING/SUITE 620
BALA-CYNWYD, PA 19004-
( )
File No. 01-0044764
Provider Charges/Reviewer Allowance
Date Code Service Charge Allowance
-------- ----- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------
04/21/94 OOOOa--INITIAL CONSULT-COMPL EX
04/21/94 00000 LUMBAR PROSTHESIS
05/05/94 00000 O.V.-COMPREHENSIVE
05/19/94 00000 O.V.-COMPREHENSIVE
06/02/94 00000 OBUS FORME/UPRIGHT SUPP.
06/16/94 00000 Q.V.-COMPREHENSIVE
07/14/94 00000 O.V.-COMPREHENSIVE
08/31/94 00000 O.V.-COMPREHENSIVE
10/05/94 00000 O.Y.-COMPREHENSIVE
$250.00
$210.00
$90.00
$90.00
$92.00
$90.00
$90.00
$90.00
$90.00
$250.00
$210.00
$90.00
$90.00
$92.00
$90.00
$90.00
$.00
$.00
------------
$912.00
$1,092.00
........=.*. ~...........
.
The narrative contains the rationale .for denials listed i~ the
recommended allowance column. Allowances are the actual billed
charge and are not the prevailing rates for that geographic area.
Prevailing rates are available upon request for most therapies.
IntemllionaJ HCIIIIbc:arc ConsuItanIS,lnc.
((I HC])
P.O,Bo.7019, Martolla, GA 3006501029 (770) 916-0062
P.O, Box 42726, ClDciDDIll, OR 45242.0726 (513) 1'42.2237
P,O, Box 16959, WeslPtIm Bcac:b.Fl.H416-6959(407)5II-I049
P.O. Box 56159, PbOClllx, AZ 85079-6159 (602) 246-696)
P,O, Box 48250. FI, Wortb, TX 76148.0250 (117) 42..3320
MR. BRYON M. WILSON
ALLSTATE INS. CO.
6345 FLANK DRIVE
SUITE 1000
HARRISBURG, PA 17112
Date
RE
CLAIM
IHC
I 04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
N 1551562646
N I 01-0044764
Dear MR. WILSON
On Feb 09 1996, we received the above referenced consultation
request for Impact Analysis. This evaluation is based on the
documentation provided to us and general principles of accident
reconstruction and physics. Tho medical assessment is additionally
based on the general standards of care in the profession, and if the'
provider wishes us to consider additional information concerning
the clinical status of the patient, he should submit copies of
those pertinent documents to be forwarded to us for evaluation during
the appeal period,
The following documents were reviewed to support the necessity,
appropriateness, and relatedness of all treatment to the above-noted
claimant for injuries alleged in the motor vehicle accident of
February 7, 1994: Commonwealth of pennsylvania Police Accident Report
dated February 7, 1994; Impact Anal~sis report from an engineering
company; bill from Becker's Towing 1n Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, for
$35; bill for repairs from Auto Body by Schaum's, Bensalem,
Pennsylvania, for $1165.60; claim photograph records of the rear end
of the claimant's 1989 Mercur~ Topaz Sedan; Polic~ Department Lower
Allen Township Report, Camp H11l, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1994,
Application for Benefits/ Personal Injury Protection submitted by this
patient, February 26, 1994; report of a CT scan of the lumbar spine
performed at St. Mary Hospital, Langhorne, Pennsylvanial March 5,
1987; office notes from Thomas Javian, M.D., from April 27, 1987,
through June 18, 1991; x-ray re~ort of the lumbosacral spine, June 14,
1988, taken at St. Mary Hospltal; office notes from Anthony G.
Vincent, a chiropractor of Philadelphia, pennsylvania, from February
26, 1993, through February 4, 1994; a second group of office note.
from Dr. Vincent, February 18, 1994, through March 30, 1994, for a
motor vehicle accident of February 7, 1994, and treatment thereof,
note of 1M arch 18, 1994, to Ms. Olson from John Traum, with information
regarding first automobile accident of January 17, 1994, and second
automobile accident of February 7, 1994; Holy Spirit Hospital
Emergency Room record from February 7, 1994, including x-ray report.
of the chest and cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine; office notes from
John Sbarbaro, Jr., M.D., orthopedic surgeon, from April 21, 1994,
through and including a ciischarge summary of December 5, 1994,
itemized list of medical expenses for motor vehicle accident of
February 7, 1994, from Holy Spirit Hospital, A.Z, Ritzman Associates
of Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania (for x-rays), Dr. A,G. Yincent and Dr.
Sbarbaro; and a series of letters from O'Brien & O'Brien Associates,
1
Inlr:mlliollll Hca11hcaie ConsulIanlS,lnc.
'[lHe]
P.O, Be. '029, Marlol'", GA 30065-1029 (770) 916-0062
P,O, Box 42n6, Cillclmlall. 01145242-0726 (513) 942.2237
P,O, Box 169'9, Weal PallD Belcb,FLB41 6-6959(407)5B8-8049
P,O, Box 56159, PbOClllx. AZ "079-61~? (60:) 24G-6961
P,0,80x 48250. FI. Wortb. TX 76141-0250 (117) 42..3320
Date
RE
CLAIM N
IHC N
04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
1551562646
01-0044764
to Allstate
Harrisburg,
Insurance,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
pennsylvania.
This 48-year-old meat cutter was headed west on Gettysburg Road and
was stopped for traffic at the intersection with 41st Street, when his
vehicle was rear-ended by a 1983 Chevrolet Citation. This patient's
vehicle was pushed into a snowbank, requiring Becker's Towing for
removal. He was treated at Holy Spirit Hospital, after arriving at
6:09 p.m. Complaints at this time were back and right thumb pain,
lightheadedness, nausea, and headache. X-rays were taken of the chest
and cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine. Slight narrowing was noted at the
C5-6 disc space. No significant neural foramina I encroachment was
noted. The thoracic and lumbar spine x-rays were negative except for
small spurring at L4 and facetal arthritis at L5-S1. This patient was
discharged at 8:45 p.m. with a dia~nosis of MYA with back sprain, He
was given a prescription for Motrln 400 mg. and Skelaxin, He was
advised to follow up with the emergency room as needed and to return
if any problems.
This patient had been rear-ended earlier in the year, on Januarr 17,
1994, by a 1988 Plymouth Horizon. He also reported that he injured
himself at work in 1987, when he fell while carrying a tray of meat.
A CT of the lumbar spine of March 5, 1987, at S~. Mary nospital
suggested a lateral herniation of the L5 disc on the right, He Wll..
subsequently treated by Dr, Thomas Javian from April 27, 1987, until
June 18, 1991.
He later began treating on February 26,.1993, with Dr. Anthony
Yincent, a chiropractor in philadelphia, who diagnosed him with
cervical/lumbar strain. He continued treating at monthly interval.
with Dr. Yincent in 1993, and on February 2, 1994, five days before
the second accident, he had undergone a "cervicaI7thor.ci~
adjustment" .
Subsequeht to the February 7, 1994,
treating again with Dr. Yincent on
approximately every two weeks, with
March 30, 1994, again for
cervical/thoracic/lumbar strain.
r<"
"
":i~i!
,JJi.\~'
'1
",\'l!
'. j,~{ll
'l!\"
_'kt
",~'l
:1';
motor vehic Ie acc ident, he began.
February 18, 1994, returnift9
the last visit being recorded ..
a diagnosis listed ..
On Apri 1 21, 1994, nearly three months post-accident, this patient w..
referred to Dr. John Sbarbaro, Jr., orthopedic surgeon. He stated tho
chiro~ractic treatment was of limited value. His physical examination
at thls time showed that the neck/lumbar spine had 90~ mobility, with
2
Intemllional Heallhcarc ConsuJtants,lnc.
'[iHC]J
P.O.Bo.7019, Marlol.., GA 3006$-1019 (770) 92'-4061
P.O. Box 42726. CiDclllllall, OH 45242.0726 (513) 1'42.2257
P.O. Box 16959,West Palm Bcac:b,FL H41 6-6959(407)"1-1049
P,O. Box 56159, Pbocnl.. AZ 15079-6159 (602) 246-6963
P.O, Box 48250. F\. Wonb. TX 76141-0250 (117) 421-mO
Date
RE
CLAIM N
IHC It
04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
1551562646
01-0044764
pain at extremes of motion. This was diagnosed as acute
cervical/lumbar strain with radiculopathy secondary to the MVA of
February 7, 1994. HNP was to be ruled out. Lumbar MRI was scheduled
and was done on April 25, 1994, and was negative for lumbar disc
herniation, canal, or foramina 1 stenosis. He was fitted with a
lumbosacral brace. He was also given a prescription for Day-Pro,
He was seen in follow-up on June 28, 1994, noticing some improvement
but also with right leg and lower back pain. Neck symptoms had
cleared. Beginning May 19, June 16, and July 14, he noticed
improvement. A letter of October 12, 1994, to At~orney Roger
Harrington notes that at this time the lumbar spine had normal
mobility and the neurological examination was negative. He saw him on
November 30, 1994, indicating the patient had gotten his weight down
to 180 ~ounds and felt better. physical examination was negative, and
prognosls was guarded. The discharge summary was submitted by Dr.
Sbarbaro on December 5, 1994, again noting physical examination was
essentially negative, although he had pain at the extremes of motion.
Prognosis was described as guarded. He was to use a back brace for
strenuous activities. .
I am asked to review this file for necessity and ap~ropriateness of
treatment. As noted in the report by the engineerlng company, the
damage to the claimant's car was $1165.60. However, it should be
pointed out that the damage to the vehicle striking his car was all of
$7 to replace a light bulb.
The engineer determined the vehicl~ transmitted the force of impact to
the claimant's vehicle of approximately 4 g's. This force is
described as being the equivalent of "being jostled in a crowd, being
slapped on the back, or being seated in an office chair which was
kicked in the back".
The tre~tment of injuries from rear-end collisions such as this are
commonly known as whiplash. A low-impact collision could be handled
with no treatment and be expected to be better in a month or two, at
the very most. This fact is documented by the engineer's report, in
which he also references articles from Spine: Yolume 19, Lippincott
Company, 1994, an article from Society of Automotive Engineers, 1993,
by McConnell, W.E., et ai, and an engineering study from the Accident
Reconstruction Journal, May/June 1993, by D.H. West, et al. -
It is worthwhile noting that this claimant had undergone treatment in
the past for a diagnosis of injuries to his L5 disc, which had
3
--
InllmllionaJ Heahbc:aIe ConsuItlnlS,InC.
((I 'He])
P.O,Bo.7019, Marlol'.. GA 300~1029 (770) 926-0062
p,<>, Box 42726, ClDciDDIll. OR 45242.0726 (513) 1'42.2237
P,O, Box 16959, Weal PalmDe.cb.FL33416-6959(407)"I-I049
P.O, Box 561'9, PbOClllx, AZ 8507~6159 (602) 246-6963
P,O. Box 48250, FI. Wortb. TX 76148-0250 (117) 42..3320
Date
RE
CLAIM
IHC
I 04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
~ : 1551562646
~ 01-0044764
recovered. He was actuaily being treated at the time of the second
motor vehicle accident on February 7, 1994, for another rear-end
collisio~ on January 17, 1994, by Dr. Vincent, a chiropractor, He had
been "adjusted" on February 2 and 4, 1994, for cervical/thoracic
strain.
The engineering study submitted takes some of the mystery out of the
rear-end collision, which brings it down to basic physical forces, in
this case, 4g's, described as no more than being jostled in a crowd or
sitting in a chair and having it kicked on the back.
This brings back to mind addressing the impressions of the MRI and its
reasonableness, and I would point out that an MRI at this point with
90% cervical range of motion and a negative neurological examination,
in my opinion, was not indicated. With reference to the chiropractic
treatment by Dr. Vincent from February 18, 1994, through March 30,
1994, it is my opinion that this type of treatment was unnecessary.
Frankly, if one used a "whiplash" as a hyperextension/flexion
strain/sprain. of the Reck ligaments, so-called "adjustments" would
have nothing but a deleterious influence on the stability of the
spinal column.
Addressing the treatment by Dr. Sbarbaro, it is my opinion that the
initial visit of April 21, 1994, was reasonable. The fitting of a
back brace also was reasonable, although the cost of $210 is
excessive. It is noted the claimant has a 90% normal range of motion,
and I am sure he would have done quite well with a generic canvas
lumbosacral support with Yelcro fasteners in the front, It would
simply be more cost-efficient.
Addressing the treatment from Dr. Sbarbaro, as reflected in the
billing of eight office visits from April 21, 1994, through October 5,
1994, I j,would question an:( further visits after July 14, 1994.
Reviewin~ the doctor's office notes on July 14, this patient is
described as "doing good" and is noted to have a full range of motion
of his back, with negative tension signs noted with an SLR of 90
degrees.
Regarding the degenerative changes noted in the
cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine, these would, of course, be consistent
with the claimant's age of 48 years. It is my opinion, based on
review of the documentation in this file, that this patient sustained
a low-impact whiplash injury (hyperextension/flexion) with reference
4
Inllmlliollll HeaIIhcare ConIultInlI, Inc.
((I 'HC]l
'.Q,80. 7029, Marloll.. GA 300~1029 (770) '26-0062
P,O. Box 42726, ClDciDDIll, OR 45242.0726 (513) 941.22:17
P,O, Boa 16959.W...Ptlmo-b,FLJJ416-6959(407)~1U049
P.O, Boa 56159, PbOClllx, AZ 1507\1.6159 (602) 246-696j
".0. Box 41250, F\, Wortb, TX 7614-0250 (117) 42..3320
Date
RE
CLAIM *
IHC ,
04/10/96
JOHN TRAUM
1551562646
01-0044764
to his cervical and lumbar spine, This injury has a good prognosis
for healing, with or without treatment.
Robert Yanchus, M,O,
Orthopedic Surgeon
Signed copy available upon request:.
12-G
. '
,,,,
",'.1.
,
, '
5
Intemllional HCIIIIbc:arc ConsuItanIS, Inc.
((lHe))
~.O,Bo. 7019, Mulol'.. GA 30065-1019 (770) 916-0062
P,O. Box 42726, Cloclalllli, OH 45242.0'/26 (513) 1'42.2237
P,O. 90xl6959, W... Palm o...:b. FL 3}o116-6959(407)"....049
P,O. Box 56159, Pbotlllx. AZ 8$079-61'9 (602) 246-6963
P,O. Box 41250. Fl. Wor1h, TX 7614-0250 (117) 421-3320
Datel 04/18/96
Patient I TRAUM, JOHN T.
Page I 1
Provider SBARBARO, JOHN L., JR., M,D.
ORTHO, ARTHRITIC AND HAND SURG
GSB BUILDING/SUITE 620
BALA-CYNWYD, PA 19004-
( )
File No. 01-0044764
Provider Charges/Reviewer Allowance
Date Code Service
-------- ----- ------------------------------
04/21/94 00000 INITIAL CONSULT-COMPL EX
04/21/94 IJOOOO LUMBAR PROSTHESIS
05/05/94 00000 O.V,-COMPREHENSIYE
05/19/94 00000 O,V,-COMPREHENSIVE
06/02/94 00000 OBUS FORME/UPRIGHT SUPP.
06/16/94 00000 O,Y.-COMPREHENSIYE
07/14/94 00000 O.V.-COMPREHENSIYE
08/31/94 00000 O,V.-COMPREHENSIVE
10/05/94 00000 O.Y.-COMPREHENSIYE
Charge
Allowance
------------
------------
$250,00
$210,00
$90.00
$90.00
$92,00
$90,00
$90,00
$90.00
$90.00
$250,00
$210.00
$90.00
$90.00
$92.00
$90.00
$90.00
$,00
$,00
------------
$912.00
------------
$1,092,00
=.::a::&:Jl=======
=====:=:&:1:==2:1
.
The narrative contains the rationale tor denials listed. in the
recommended allowance column. Allowances are the actual billed
charge and are not the prevailing rates for that geographic area.
Prevailing rates are available upon request for most therapies,
,
, '
~
I
l:
.'A'....NY
111....0
DR. ANTHONY G. \.NCENT
CHIIIO""ACTo"
aaoe .L..fGH ..,_.It
k~'-"" "r;Jr, ~ <
(J . '" w.....--,,<_,
9'~
.. "--
Mi."" ....... ~J@ ~~ T:(4! !--.
~~ ~' r-,
~ ~~
,
~!rA,[t~
"
, ,<
.TA'......T
11.....0
DR. ANTHONY G. VINCENT
CHlltO,"ltACTO"
..0' eLllClH .'.IIT
.H'........H'... .~
ICf ,.Z3
~ ~~.~.
d0~~~.
IJIr If 'tL~
.'A'....NT
~~.....o
DR. ANTHONY G. VINCENT
CHt"O"""CTO"
..0. .t.ltO" 1'.11'
(lJJ ~~_.... .~ - ..3 () ..9'.3
'111' 1'""'''-' c-/ (})~
~M_~ V~:2-~
~ ~~~~
.
~;frrJ~
"
,
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nl.lltO
DR, ANTHONY G. VINCENT
C:HII'IO~""'C:TO"
"01 ....110" .,..
'M'''.D.'''M'. - "
.... ,'1 .
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DR. ANTHONY G. VINCENT
CHI"O""ACTO"
c3u,~
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.TAT........,
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DR. ANTHONY G. VINCENT
CHIROI'''ACTOI1
a.o. ...IIGH 8TIIIIIT
...'....D.L"MI.. ...~.. (-r Q~
f,../....:)
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6/22/:1/ - Pntlent secn t",lny. Ilo'r,!, to I", .., ""'" , 1." I'''", worl, Injury.
No i m" r" v c m c" t. S tiff n" ,." low c r b a c k, R f r, I, r. 1 /l"" I ".", r" m I t Y a till
has b"r"tng "cnsatlon, ~w~lllng ,,, right "1'1"'1' '''.''...'''lty haa
sub s i" c ,I , I' n tie n t do f n g ex c r c f "e s "t h 0 111 (' II" ,,, n I r" c t ed,
Exsml"ntlon fs Rame aR nt prevfou.. eV'1JlIntfo", P"t'~nt advlRed to
conti""" cxcl'clRCS at homc; tllk" Vitamin nr" ~() "g., rx given;
r e com I" C " " 0 h " A f () r m b r II c P, P re! ~ (' rIp t Ion >( tv,! n , J. " ,t,1 y. n I urn b 0 9 a era 1
apine ""pporr wns appl I cd to lo,"cr back ,1J:1!a. I'H (p,nt ahould
con t I "",' w 0 r 1'.1" g . Pre f." 0." I" r c"' 11 I " s g" a r de d . I: e t>l T." her e in 8
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8/24/MI - Patient re-evaluated today.
injury, Working. Pain In lower back.
Patient Is doing exercises as adviaed,
Discus.ed diet and told to walk. Keep
50 mg., b.1.d.. rx given. Return in 4
He iR r, montha post work
Some daya wors~ than others.
Did not get Obusform brace.
working. Continue Vitamin 86
months,
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11111/11.., rntlent R~en todny for re-evaluation. II~ ia II month, po.t
leci,!c,' ~ C"".pLnlns of lowcr back patn with ~1.l:h~ len r~ln nnd.
numbner..' In right foot nnd toes, Also hl\~ right" rt,. 1'0 In. rJo
t hell'Ap\ or m.. ,II c" t fans. \oJor ~ In!!. J.umboAlI c Ie,' I ",1" .'.0' "r e~ Io'nll
eXaminr,!. Cont [l1l1e worktnp,. Prognosis remllll1rJ fP' ,,,In,l. Return here
in 3 mnl1tlo..
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Patientl
Traum, .John
':lintl. n ^ 8540
.
6-13-88 - The patient wnR aeen for a follow up ~vnluntlon on
6-13-88. This patient relates a situation that developed at
work, He waa apparently working, throwing 8 ment trsy Into a
grln~er and In the performnnce of this ~ctlon, developed
severe pain In his bnck, He was rendered almoRt Immovable
secondary to pain. He waR unnble to contlnne working lifter
te Incident, He was seen nt Snint Hnry emergency room,
He h.d X-RAya nnd wns referr.d here.
X-R.!.l.!: Were rrvl ""ed. 1'h..y wero done nn r,. A.. ilII.
The fllmR offlclnlly wC're rend l1A Il('lRntiv,'. I,PIJf\'pr. [ ''''nH
con c" r n e d n h 0 1I t the r Cl R S t h t 1 i t Y 0 f nAp 0 'I cl Y I C' t v f' l~; II r J, -. 5 .
.l'hyslcol Examlno.!.Lon: EXAnlinntio" toclny r"vl'nl'l
tend..rnesR to palpation of his Illmhar spIll". Tl,e I,,,,,,.,lve
rang" of motion of his Jomhnr spIne is pnlnfu!. n,,, n"tive
rang" of motion is decrraRed, lie 19 onJy ahle to flex 30 degreea
I extend 10 degrees, rotate to the right nnd !"ft 10 degrees and
bend laterally to the rIght and left 10 "efree.. 'rhl're was rigidity
of ti,e lumhro9ncral Rpfne in mtlA'~1I1nttlrft. 01111 III wfrl' '"n.
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fJhrnlll new fllms lo I'h,.,-I, rill
t.1,e pOSBIblllty of III",'""
" po n d y 101 y B I R . r t. '.R ,. II "..'"
nfter fJ 1m iB done "11" r..' ',:" phnne
call from thIs office nftor r review
th~ films.
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6-16-R8.
ADDENDUM: T"!.. I.. an1ddell.llIm tD IIl)tea wlllell )"", h;ve received of
6-13-18. Hr. Trnum wn~ _een In "or offLce for n ,,"mp1alnt which
orlRI'lat",1 on ()-8-88. Pd. mo"" recent Ineldent "3t1Qed an. Acerbation
of h!oJ exlstlnfl condlllon. Nr. Traum Inform~d ""r "ffice that h.
re-Injore.1 "''''II'Jf nt ",,,Ie on (,.I1..IIR nod tl',H hc r"r.nrted the Injury
n two d< nil d \1'1 <t t a Jr. e 11 I:'.l ~l.' i ntH II r y II n r~( t ., I., ""..1 ~ t r t" n t e d and r e 1 e a 8 e d
and r,'fcrre" t,) ollr off lee. Plense note this informntlon In re.arda
to pa'lent' s c 1nim.
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Pat lent: .John 'rraum
Cl1l\rt # ^ 8540
3/] 1/89 - John TraUm wan rc-e'lilluated in the "fUr-I? on 3/13/89.
Thh pdti~nt is :! }'<:>nrs 1 month p(1r,t: worl: related injury.
Pat I.ent in current I Y wr)rld,nq. He cont.! 11 II Nl t.o experience low
bac-I.: paln, right <:Il:m p'lln ;In,1 numbne~s nnd r.i ght leg pain and
pal,. I'lCrOFfI ,'ll.l five tr)es of the rl.ght I'oot. I'iltient relates
th.. ~ h... IIn s been Sl''':!! n'} fl ch l t:'npract.ot' ;'\IV.I Iwltw I rnprovement with
t.hli' t-r"n':l'l')I\t:!;. F:~:il,"lnatloll of thE' <:l~rvlcnl ",nd lumbosacral
I'ph'!Cl n'VE'flJs tend",tnl'!W3 to r;,Jpation. lie wan limited range of
mot Ion. I'rll1noflis 'JlIilrded. ('(ltItlnu"l ',{ot'I:hHJ. Return to this
of( lee In 'j 1~"nU1s "'I: rp-e'~:III1;.tl"n.
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8/1'/89 - ,John Traum WilS seen in the offiCii! for a ,follow up visit
on "/14/89. He is approximately one ynilr nJ:( ~lOnths post work
rel"ted injury. Pat lent is currently w"rldncr. 1\1- torlay's 'lisit,
the patient continues to have 1.ct{ t"Ie-I:. p~i", " ,. ;,..,1 FpllH! pilin
and left ilnd right l"'g pain. Ex,'mll1.1t:h" I,.. lPl,h'''~nr:I'nl
spill'" reveals tenderness to p.,lpatiol). J1p 1'.1' I ,jl",1 l.:r"Jo of
motion. There is tenderness t.o pa.1r"t'!o:" :~r t.,. "",":.inll. npine.
Patient is encouraged to contitlllp. ,y-,:I.lnl'ip., ,,,,- pX'3l:cise.
Pro'Jnosis gunrded. Continue working. Ruttan to thi.n office in 5
monl.hs.
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Pal i'mt: .John Traml
'"hart * A 8540
12,'11/89 - John Traum was seen in the office tor re-evaluation on
12/11/89. This patient is approximately 1 year 6 months post
inlury. Patient is currently working. At today'. visit, the
pai ient continues to have lumbosacral spinel pain and burn in.;,
sel'RAtion down his right lower extrem.1ty. EX"lmination of the
lu~bosacral spine reveals tenderness to palpntion. Patient does
nol receive physical therapy treatmentn. II'? dons not tal:e any
me,1f cat ions. Prognosis guarded. Cont I. nlln '"nrl, i 119. Return to
thJs office in 6 months.
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10/29/90 -John Traum was seen in the office on 10/29/90. He is
apl'roximately 2 years 4 months post work related injury. Patient
is currently working. lie continues t,o complain of low back pain
willI the pain going down his right leg, lie does not receive
php;ica 1 therapy but does exercises at a gym wh Ich he has joined.
Expmination of the lumbosacral spine revenln tenderness to
pa 1 pat ion. lie has flex ion of 40 degrees, extp.JJ'3f (Ill of 20 degrees,
rol., t ion to the right and left of 10 del/roN'!' ,me! I fll"lI',n 1. pending
to ~he right and left of 10 dE'grees. Pa t h"lt tn 1<1 to continue
exrrcising and to use a step machine. Pro'!I":!: I." J:!?m<lillS guarded.
COld: inue w()J:"Jdng. Return to this office in Ii ,"""ths.
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From 'he office o' Thomas Javhlll. M,D,
Pal ient: John Traum
Chl'trt # h 8540
6/J8/91 - John Traum was seen in the office on 6/18/91. He 1s
apl'roximately 3 years post injury. Patient IEl wl')rk1ng. He
co,'tinues to compla 1n of constant pain j n hi r; 111mhosflcral sp.lne
Ilrn, , lie has been doing exercises Sllch as lJr: I n', ~ :<lbO'p machine
and ~"'lIdnq. Examinat.!on today of his LlJrnb~I"'T"1 !'p.il1'1 rr,venls
tep,l",rnNJR to palpntlon. Passive rang€' ,)( 'I"t h." j" painful in
thr r>xtn>ml?FJ. hctlvl? rangn of motion I..; c1"CI:I"ltl.?d. He has
flr ~fon of 40 dcgrlJcs, 'O'xtension of 20 d,'grf?f'n, )"ot,.t1on t.o the
r!'Jilt. ilnd l<?ft of 10 d<:>grees and lateral b<;\Il,II.rl'I to I'lln right and
let t of 10 degrees, Patient encollraq<!!,l 1(, ('ontinue with
exrrcising utilizing the step machine, mdm 1'11<1 walk. His
pr€'1nos is should be considered as gunrded. continue working.
Thr patient will be seen back in this offira in 6 months.
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Roger Harrington, Esq,
1260 One Penn Center
1617 JFK BouleVard
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Re. John Traum
Dear Mr. Harrington.
This 46 year-old man states that he was involved in an accident
on 2/7/94 when his car got rear-ended by another car. The i~pact
wa. of such magnitude that he broke the steering wheel and the
ear was rammed into a snow bank. He was seen in an Emergency.
Room because of pain in his low hack wit.h riaht le'l radiation,
He <1130 had some brulsing J.oout the rlght :orcdrm dll'J r.110 In the
neck as well as multiple aches through his body He was
disorientad for a period of time, X-rays were obtained and he was
detained for a number of hours, primarily, for observation. He
then consulted his chiropract.or and had some treatment which was
of limited value.
The past medical history raveals that he ,nJured his lower back
about 4 years J.qo when he was carrying ~ tray of meat. Ye W~5
treated with chiropractic adjustments and this appears to clear
up most of the symptoms I however, he did have occasional aching
in his back but no radicular components and the symptoms were
manageable. He continued to work as a meat cutter.
Three weeks before this current accident, he was. involved in a
motor vehicle accident I however. he was not injured.
The examination today demonstrates that the neck has 90\ mobility
with pain at the extremes 'If motion. The lumbar spine has 90\
mobility with pain at the extremes of motion. The rlght sciatic
notch is tender, the right straight leg raising sign is positive
at 80' and the neurologic profile is otherwise unremarkable. He
does have an 5-l distributlon through his right leg and this lS
an ominous sign.
This man has an acute cervical strain and an acute lumbar strain
with Iradiculopathy incident to the accident of 2/7/94. I believe
that a herniated disc has to be ruled out and, accordingly, I
have scheduled a lumbar MRI. I have fitted him with a back brace
and I have given him a prescription for Day-Pro. I would like
him to return in 2 weeks.
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SAE TECHNICAL
PAPER SERIES
930889
Analysis of Human Test Subject Kinematic
Responses to Low Velocity Rear End Impacts
Whitman E. McConnell, Richard P. Howard. Herbert M. Guzman, John B. Bomar,
James H. Raddin, James V, Benedict, Harry L. Smith, and Charles P. Hatsell
Biodynamic Research Corp.
~ 3)
>
Reprinted from: Vehicle and Occupant Kinematics:
Simulation and Modeling
(SP-975)
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.AII!! The Engineering Society
~ For Advenclng Mobility
~ Lend See Air end Spec" ~
INTERNATIONAL
International Congre.. and Exposition
Detroit. Michigan
March 1-5, 1993
400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (412)776-4841 Fax:(412)n6-5780
930889
Analysis of Human Test Subject Kinematic
Responses to Low Velocity Rear End Impacts
Whitman E. McConnell, Richard P. Howard. Herbert M, Guzman. John B. Bomar,
Jam.. H. Raddln. Jamal V. Benedlcl. Harry L. Smith. and Charle. P. Hata.1I
BiodynamiC Au.arch Carp.
ABSTRACT
The b"'ld. nec:k IOd trunk kinemallc r....ponses of fOUl
volunteer tC61 lubjec:ts. rocorded during a ...ri.... of
e.perimcntallow velocity motor vwcle collilionl. have '-n
measured and aoalyzcd. Usinll da1a obtalDed from multiple
lugh speed film. video and elec:tronl" o<:ccleromclcr
lIlC&IuremcDlSof lbe teat lubjec15. it w.. found that the actual
kiDematic rcapoosea Df lbe bUDWl b"'ld. neck and trunk that
occur dunnlllow velocity reareDd collilionsl1e more comple.
than previously lbougbt. Our fU1dings indicate that the lime.
honored deacriplioD of the cervical .wluplash" r"1"'n... is
both incomplele and inaccurate.
A1thougb the classic .wluplash" neck re"ponse 10
,earend collisions IOd lbe Widely ."""Pled hyperexlenslOnl
hyperllexion cervical injury mC'Chanlsm bave ~n e..enSlvely
wnUen and speculated aboul. there have '-n l'lIle human
e.peomcDtal data available. c:.1JCClally for low velocity
<ollisions. Low velocity collisioDs .re defined in this report
as molor velucle collisions ID which the ImpacI relaled chan~e
of lbe rOlltended velucle's velocity (AV) is about 12,9 kpb (8
mph) or less. Througbout n...r1y 4 dec.ld.. of expenmeoud
<rash testIDg. low velocily D1Isbaps (as defined above) have
booen felt to have a minor IDJury causallOn polential and have
remained. relalively unsllldicd .r.... The absence of good
experimental data. ,,"uralely defining ,...1 occupant klnemallC
respoDse during thi. co~n type of tr.mc .celdenr h;os
spawned a plethora of I divergent concept". Id...., and
speculahon .bout possible injUry mechanIsm,.
ID February 1991. a ""oos of vehicle coll'.<Ion tesl<
using fully .DStOlDlCDled volunlcer human te.,t SUbJ":I/dnvers
and a Hybod III malukID p...senger w... conducted, ullllL1ng
looal te.tlng f",ilito... ThIs project WlL' underuken 10 heller
define human, dummy and veh,de '..pon,",. dunng low
velocity collisioM.
METHODS
VEHICLES - Four \cal velucl... a 1986 Dodge 600
convertible. a 1984 Bllick Regal Limited coupe. a 1984 Font
Club WagoD VIO and a 1984 GMC 1500 pickup InlCk we...
prepared for the \cat protocol. Eacb vehicle was witboUI
evideDce of colliSion ItrucNraI damage IOd wu in loadw,,-rt.by
condltioD with fllCtory sl&nclard equipment IOd parl.s, The
convertible IOd coupe bad fllClory ltandard eoerllY aboorber
bumper systems. and the lrUc:k IOd VIO bumper 'yllems we...
ngidly mounled to the vehicle frame,INeIll"'. A1thougb eacb
vehicle rcmained in slo<:k condilion 10 the lIIUimum e.leal
possible. the t..ting protocol required a number of
modificalions. The teal subjec:ts !wi 10 be pbotograpluca.'.ly
accessible. so the upper portion of the Ford VIO', left B.pillar
and th. fronl doors of eacb veiUcls were removed. 1bc rear
window of the pickup lruck w.. rcplllCed with a .maIl lelia
panel. and headr..ts in the convertible IOd the coupe we...
kepI 10 the r.,sed P05l110D. Several mounllng points for lugb
speed cameras we.. IDstalled on each vehicle, Eacb vebicle's
ongUUlI. f"'tory standard 3.point re&lraint system was used
throughout the 1..1S. Vehicles were checked prior 10 ~.ating
and any bumper ....mbly damage found .... repaired with
new parts.
TEST SUBJECrS - The propooed teal prolocol was
evaluated by the Univer.llty of T.... Health Scicoce Cente,
Inslltutional ReView Board IOd IRB Protocol 19010099006 of
lbe University of Texas Health Science Center. IL1dcr DHHS
Resulahon 46.110(3). approved the use of iour bUmID leal
subJ""ts selected from the staff of Bllxlynamic R-..:b
Corporal ion in tho tosl seo... Four bealthy volunteer male
1..1 "ubJccts. nonging in age from 45 to 56, complCled Prll-
1..llOg phYSIcal evalual1on. lOeludlng radio,rapbic ima,in,
stud,e. of the cervical. tho"",ic and lumbar regioDS of lbeir
SplO". T..t .ubjec:1 marking for photo,raphic analy.i.
,nduded a sllff "U" sbapcd yellow roo altached to an
IOdlV.dually filled bileblo<:k and accelerometer ....mbly UId
onsnted rearward on both .ides parallcllo Ihe aluminum ..rip
l;onnechng the acceleromelen, and the dos.d
21
man.Jlbl.II1llUIU.. Th.,. ....., II,):," II ph"hlW'"phl<llU, 'lS,ble
mark pl..,.,.,j bo:low an.J .Ii~blly bo:bm.J lb. left <>1."",1
auditory ..:anal over the: m&5h>ld rronun.enc~ 6L'i an
IIpproxlmallon of Ih. IlIt.,aI proJ""",,n "f lb. oppe' .n.J of lb.
cervacal liplne. Reference: marks \Iol!re appliC41 hl the !:.klO
0'''' lb. leot .0bJ""r. I.ft n""k. ,.mul'"n~ Ih. IlIt.ral
P,oJ",,"on of lb. c.rvi~ spin., Tug.ts ....r. pl""al
approxima..ly 0'.' lb. I.ft gl.nn-home,al JUlnl an.J lal.",1 left
.Ibow on . lighl fillin~ ~.'m.nl ..om ov., lb. 1""0 an.J arm:;,
A Hybri.J 111 anthropomorphic 1....1 .Jommy ...... tillal ...,Ib a
blleblo.;k IYpe e.:cel.,omet.r L....,mbly an.J ha.J ..mllar n~bl
.i.Je ....toaucal ...f....n'" p,"nl markln~. .ppli..!. ...ith the
.Ic.phon of the Ilommy'. a1ro:a<ly exposc<l n""k u",",
INSTRUMENTATION - Eacb v.hicl..twh Inallal
LSCB.IO ace.l.rome..r array mounlOO on lb. v.h,d. frame
h, m....or. 01 Uorwarll/,earwa,Il), Gy (nwhl an.J lefl'al.ral).
anll Gz (op...ull/Ilown....rll) mollolU an.J a bi..i.1
ace.l.rome.., array (GI anll Gz) on lb. .1m.,'. ,..1. """tback.
Conlaet ....,.cb operalal nash units ...r. inslall...J In vi..bl.
po.illOn.s In .110... pbolnwraphlc hm. marking of iilll,.1 bomper
10 bumper contacl anll . sunilar cnntac. ....'Ich coal Ihe
d""lrolUc <lata 1C<j0lSilion .ystem. Allllllinnal in.trumenta.,on
10 "",,mpllsb olber t..t obj""t".. "'L' .Iso m.tallal on the
v.blcles. Tut subjeclan.trumentalion inclu.J...J . Iightw.lghl
lriaxi.l .""I.romel<r ....mbly of En.Jevcn '7290.30 anll
End.vco ,729Q..10 accel.romel.", moonl...J on . .hon
a10minum s.rip fixal 10 an andividually f.bn""lal moulh pi"".
(bit.block) ...hi<b. wb.n held ...11b normal j.... <10'0'.
pressure, allowed DO Ipprcc:iablc: relative motion hetv.-een (he:
acc.l.rom...r ....mbly anll Ih. I..t .ubJ.cI"
maxilla/mandibl.. An Id.nlic.1 acc.l.rom.ter .rray mounlal
OD an. aluminum strip was affixed in an equivalenl posllion on
th. Hybnd III maRlkan's h""d. A biaxial 1I"".I.,omel.'
asscembly u.si.ng similar ~n50f$ was affaxecJ 10 a c()rset.lik~
ga~nl and was worn by on~ test subject during two of th~
tr;st runs 10 masure Gx and Gz direction accel~ratlOn.
EI~tronlc c1&ta Iransftr dunng test runs was aCl.:omplisht:.J by
. .IIding loop umbilical bundl. cOMecle<J to a PAC.58lx) high
,olom. wta IIcqul5illon .y.l.m housOO n..rby.
PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT -- Pholographlc
documentatIOn of I~'t runs was accomplished hy ~v~ral
Rallak. LoC.m Modd #51 high .peed 16 mOl camera..
operated II 500 fro.... per ,"",onll (nominal) and "'lOlppcJ
wilh an LED liaunW IIghl ope'allng at 100 h.nz. These
cameras w~re mounted at various loalions on the vehicle."i and
from sev.ral filal poSlllon. .bout th. I.st .il.. On. high
.peed VIdeo unll anll 5<,.,.1 lripod RlOunlOO ,un<la,1l Video
~mceras also r~ordtd th, ev~nt.'i.
TEST SITE - The test .". ....... ..,(abll.hOO on a 1.,e1
."",Uon of a slan<larll. .sphalt p.vOO ro.d....y IIn.J ha.J
t:1~lronlc s~ trip Inslrum~nt.UlOn IUlJ high sptx.J VIJ~J
lrackln~ WILli near realtimt: \idoclty ma.'iUr~mc:nl capablhty,
Impact speed reproducibility WtL'I ..It.:hle\i~ hy th~ U~ of ..
'ipa:I.lIly conilNctefJ ramp permlltmg gra'o'lty 1I.(l.:c:Icrarlon of
lh" 5tnk.lni vehu.:le. The Sinking vehiclc's st.utang pOSitIOn on
th. ramp WilS c.ahbratoo hdor~ Ut.;h l~sl run 10 (nsur~ thai th~
rc:~ultlng velocity ill Ihe: Imra~t pOint WoL'i In Ihe Jl!Mrcd ran~e:.
The lii.:tWlJ dO."lur( ~pt.ws anJ ~ull1nll d'1&lIg~ In 't~hlClt:,. of
huth the .lnklD~ an.J the struck v.hld.. .Jo"n~ the teot runs
...... """urolely .Jol.munal by hl~h .peed film, high sp<>al
Vld"u an.J the .1""lronlc .p<>al trap WIth ..llsl""lu,y
.g,,,,,menl. f1,~h sf'<""'! came.... un lb. v.h.d"" anL! AI thal
!\Ite pt.)/Iillwn!t wtr~ Ill.:luahou by . I.;altraJ eh,~.,.:Il'\)nl": conlrol and
lb. >1.100 <ame..., ...... "onlrullal by IOLilvidual operator>
re'lponuin~ Co IUUllory and VISuaJ cua.
TEST PROCEDURES - Teol runs ...... conducted
&i:4.:Ofuing to . pn)(ocol which le5toJ . variety of combi.n&tioD.l
of v.hicl. to v.hid. coUi.ioM and expoaed leat .UbjClCII 10
hulb .Inkin, and .truck ...1... .Jurtn, teall plannod for .
forw.rd .Iruck v.hicl. t. V uf 4 kph (2.5 mph) anll 8 kpb (5.0
mph). Th. .Inking vehlcl. ..... back..! op the ramp by lb.
tesl .ubjecHlnv.r 10 . ~culated poallion and ..Ieaaod ...ith
the transnli..ion 1II n.ulral an.J lb. enlin. running. It lbm
rollal down the ramp and through lb. impa<t poant spo..J !rap
wb... the v.locity ..... n:co,dod. rbi. proc.cdW'll wu
r.pea.OO unul the d...."al impa.cl or-! ..... reproducibly
..:hi.vod, Th. ,.hicl< 10 bo: struck ..... Iben placod into i15
..(all<lnary po..llon at tho Impact pollll. The stnkinl v.hicl.
Iben rollal down th. ramp and ov.r lb. l.v.1 pav.ment to the
'mpact polOl. N" v.hicl. rontrol inputs ....... nlade durinlteal
tuns, e~cept (or minunaJ steering lnputs to ensure cc:atcrlinc
conliel bo:tw""n vehicl.., and 1.1. brakin~ .ft., the teal impact
perturbations were OV(r. In !WlmiifC&5e5. to prevent an over or
unll.rTId. .itual,on. th. h.'lbl of one of the two ve.b.icl.. .....
oI.v'l..! by the os. of wood.n p1ankinl ...hicb formed an
oI.val<<l ruadbed. Aft.r each tut collision. the driver'.
phYSical cond,"on "'L' check...J. poaHeal pholOlr.pbic
.......'sm.nl of ,.h,c," wma~. was rompl.ted, anll .Ieclronic
te.'\t re..,ult c.1olt.a stnraHe: WIL~ &C4.:ompllshlOd. Da.ta from leo
mannoo ve:hll..:l~ to v(hlde t~'il colh'ilons were recorded.
HEAD, NECK AND TRUNK KINEMATIC
RESPONSE ANALYSIS - Th. purpo'" of this article i. to
r.pon our fmdings aft.r a d.lallal analysis of buman bead.
n..:k and lrunk kin.mall< '....pon...' lXCumng durin I and
IInmal,alely aft., 10... velocily ......nd impa<15. R.I.vanl<lata
mclud...J the recor.J...J G.lIme mformation from lb. buman and
v.hlcl. mountal """.I.rome..",. displacemenl.lime llaIa taken
from lb. hlgb .peed film "",ord anll lb. .10... molion video
reco,d of each t..,1 .0bJ""'" mollon durin, the collision
sequ.nces. Th. .Ieelronlc G mea,'u...menl<lata..... proceuod
into. u....bl. form w,lb .moothin~ 10 .liminal. noi... artifac15
and '.ry .hon I.rm lran".nL.. Biteblock O.time vClClor
resultanL. ....r. ~culal...t f,om O~. Gy and Gz <lata recorded
for ..ch colli.ion sequ.nc.. In o,d.r 10 oblaln lrue (earth
onho~olUl) G 'eclor ,..ultanl<lata, malb.malle&l coordinate
Iransformalion WL'i done to ,"(Junt for the curviHneuly
.JlSplll<...J path of tho b,l.blo<:k ,ef.,.nc. frame from its inJllal
earth ortho~onal orie:ntallun IUIl.l r~ulr~ ullliZlllon of lime~
angl. <lata oblalO...J hy m<a..u,.menl from lb. blllh spo..J film
.<<oru. An adJlhonal ~f1~ of malhe-mAllc.a1 maDJpwataons
gnc an earth ref(r('n~~ hoL~ G-tune h.!\lory for I point near
the Jun<lIon of lb. ho:a<l 1lil.J upper C.rvl~ .pin.. This
IOfornw.tlOn \Iw...... \,,'orrdclh...tJ IJIollh pHnl diiplacemenl
information (lht.unl!J fnlm the: high spt't:el film by ploUlnM' each
::2
1",,1 .ubj""I'. ,efe,ence poinll (blleblock. ",,"IO'.! p""''''',
.boul.!e, an.! hip) \IIllh ....peelIO h""" .. ,...11 &I lbe ,ehacle
an&! """kl'oun&! ,efe,ence poUtIl \lIln~ a p""''''''" opllcal
&!'~lIlZlnl P'OI:"", CervIcal "Ien..on an.! ne."," an~I.., ,,"cr.
&!elemunN Wiin~ &!1~iliz..J hilh ~ film &!I.pl""emcnlll.ot<o.
TIle G-lIme an.! &!"place"",nl.tlmc dall \11&5 then currdalc.!
an&! lbe ,..uILl ,aladalN by a &!ellilc&! cOlllJlllnsun of Ihc
<alcullllld data WIlb lbe frame by fralDl' ,i&!"" m:or&!.n~' 01
lbe impACI ,clalc&! leol aubjocllunemalic '..pon_,
RESULTS
TEST RELATED CLINICAL FINDINGS - Eacb
leal .ubjecl bad f,om 3 10 7 vebicle 10 vehicle le41 colla.iun
..poau,ca. dividc&! belwDCll lbe .lrWnl IIld .Iruck ",I..
&!Urlnl the 10 leal colli.ion ..rica, (See Tat,.. I.) These 1..1
I'\lIIJ \IIere cooducled du""S IWO woeltCll&! leal penods
separaled by III eisbl day billlls. No leal subjecl ,eportod
havins &!ilCOmfort .ymplOIDl dUrlnS 0' i~ately aft&r any
of the leal colli.ions, T..I .ubJecl number 4 nOlod no
.ymploms al all ..lalod 10 bis 6 leal ..paso...... BegilUl1n~
10\11 an&! nu&!.n""k &!Iscomf,)rt over the asu of bia C6. C7 Ill&!
Tl 'ertebra ..n&! &!15COmfort ID h.. l"'peZlWi muocularure on the
rnomlng follu\lllDg hi. th,,,,,, 1",,1 run. on day 10, Th. p&III
\11&1 gone lbe ne'l day. hul he conllnood 10 have mil&!
&!lIlcomfo,1 on e.I,eme n""k cAlen..on an&!laleral n..ion unlil
IlSnItJually ,..olved &!unnl the ne.. th"", day.. No IreallIIClIl
0' lberapy \II'" needed an&! none of the 1uI paruciplllll bad
any turthe, .ymptoms thai ",lated 10 th.ir 1uI upoaureo for
I,eale, than ellbleeD DIllOW followioslbe ","linS.
PHOTOORAPHIC ANALYSIS OF AN EXAMPLE
KINEMATIC RESPONSE - Th. followS i. a deacriptioo
of ooe tcalsubjecl'a kinemahe ~ to a typical tcaI (Run
7). &I b. uperiCllccd a forward tJ,V of 7.83 kpb (4.87 mpb).
(See FiJllre I.)
Ph.lU'! I .. Initial Resnonse (0 10 100 milliUlt'nndsl -
DUrlnS the fint ~O millilleCOoda aft&r bwnper impact. the
.ubjecl'. entire body appeared moliooJ_ with ref....ce to the
leal.ite backSrouod, wbile the vehiel. and driver'.... moved
forward about ~ 10 8 CCIltimelera (2 to 3 incb..). At about 60
millaooc.onw after c"nlaCI. the 10\ller pari of the scatback
cuwon bad be"",,,,, compressal ...ougb 10 berio movins the
Run Teal Slruck T..I Slriker Day
No. Subj Vehicle tJ,V Subj Vehicle ::'V No.
No, Type (kpb) No, Type (kpb)
I 2 Von 3.48 I Convert -4,81 I
2 1 Van 6.45 4 Pickup ~,04 2
3 1 P.ckup 3,04 4 VIII .3,35 2
4 4 Pickup 6.65 I Van ~,74 2
5 3 Convert na 2 Coupe na 10
.
6 3 Convert 8.06 2 Coupe .7,82 10
7 2 Coupe 7,83 3 Coravert .9.24 10
8 2 VIII 6.61 4 Pickup -8,21 10
9 2 Coupe 3.Y3 4 Pickup -3,28 11
10 4 Pickup 7,03 2 VIII -7.48 11
Table 1.
Test Subje.t nriv~n Lo\ll Vdo.ity Collision T~t S~ri~
abour 45 10 60 nunul.. r.. ft.r T..I 2. lesl SUbJecl num"", I
r~port~ I "rwinae" of d KOmfort at the po~ten()r blL~ 01" hI"
n<<k ",b,cb I.."od anoullWo bou,s. Tho &!'!lComfort wa.< gone
by Ihe II~ of his partic:ipi&1I0n 10 I~.'it num~r J and JIJ not
rl:(ur Iilter. Test suhJt.Ct nu,n~r 2 notw the onStlt of
"il.chmcss" m the rarasplnal mu~ulature at th~ has4e of hiS
n<<k the morning of leAl d.ly 1 '1. ah~r partl'lpatJn8 In a InW)
of 6 IOSI run. &!unng Ibe p,ecC<J.ng Iwo day losl penIx!, H..
~ymptoms laKl<<J ahoul 4-'s hours and resolv(J Ylo Ithout
recunrnce. Test :'\uhJa:1 number 3 reportnJ the on~1 of nulJ
leal .ubJecl's hIps an&! low h.&ck forward Ill&! upward (See
Fisu,e 2), Al the same lime. the upper pari of the aealback
\11&5 n..inS r""rwar&! Wllh ',,"p<cl 10 the vebicle IIld !be
_Iback c\llhioll w... belnll comp'.....-J 00 lbe leal subject'.
,1111 nea,ly stallonary upper Ill....'.
Ph... 2 - Prindoal Fllrwar&! Acceleralion (IOO 10 200
ITlllIlsccon&!,) - AI aboul 100 nulhlClCOow. !be _Iback bad
.,,,,,,Iy rucbod lis maximum r""rwar&! flexed poailioo of aboUI
\0 lieS'''' pasl il< no"""l pos.tlon. and lbe leIl subject's
uppe' lrunk luoJ begun movemenl forward and upwanl. Tba
23
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ilia.
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Ill'"
c~
00
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C\lC\l
o ex:-;
C") ,!!t3
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e;:
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w...J
~ai
a...~
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='.c
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u.:ll
C\l
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"'
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(5
oi
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N
t 03G
Om.
60 m.
lOOms
a'l (\
2JG ---
'---...!/JG
-.....--. 2 J <J
____.43 G
120m.
160m.
~OG
!17G
O.IG\
.
200 m.
250 m.
300 ms
f1"ure 2,
350 rn.
400 m.
Head, Ne.;k and Trunk Ro:sponses to Low Veloo;ity Rear End Impao;t
S1lbjec", bead and neck were .till almosl slJlt'onary wllh
...peello the earth Wllilaboul 120 mill,"""onds when, ..s the
subjecl'a IUp. .....d lrunk rOle upw..d on a path parallel 10 the
rearward nexed oealback, his neck appeared 10 he ...ally
compr..sed and .Irailblencd as lhe lop of the cervical 'plDe
belan DIllyinl upward ..d rearward wllb r..peel 10 the
forward IIIOYinl yehlcle, Subsequenlly, the subJecl" head
belan a biteblock upward and rearward "''''"nl moyemenl
with respecl to the .ubJecl's .houlde". By 160 rrulhseconds
lb. forward and upw..d m1,yemenl of the sunJec"s L'lUndlnl
upper lono had bolun 10 pull the hlL.... of his neck forward
lnlO .pparwnl ccnsiml anJ ~LarttnlC Ihe: furwlntJ mohon of th~
rubject's head. eVen .., hi!l cx:c!pul continued II) lip uownward
lowllds lb. acal headr"l.
Ph.... 3 . I WIlL Ove""""Mrorso R<enyery 1200 In
300 miIIiMlConc.1~) - AI 200 mllll!ieCOnds the! upward moClon
of the aubJec:I'S lrunk and should,.. hlll.l c....<ed after ahoul 9
ccnlimete" (J.~ inche.,) of n~ and th~ ~llen~uon .\lI10
10...110081 anll"lation of IU. had had .lopped aboul45 del......
rearward from yertlcal. The subjecl'slOp oflbe """,ieal ",ine
mark., point had "...n aboul 1. 25 cenliDllOlen (0.5 iDcIIes)
ahoye '" lOilial yertical posilion and lbe aubjec:I'. bead wu
starting 10 reye"" it. molion, with respec:11O the ywel., inlD
a forward arcong moyemenl. By 250 millileCOlUl< the forward
rebounding bead hlll.l nol yet reacbed vertical, bUlthe IlIbjec:I'S
trunk, oe.:k and head were already deaceodinl &lODI a paIb
parallel 10 the ,,,,.hack, Ilia lrunk wu nearl! balfway
loward.. iLS .urllng poSllion WIth reapecl 10 the sa! botlom.
By this lime, the oealback bad rerurned 10 ils pre-illlpllCl
no"",,1 angl. and Ihe .uhJect's 10,"" WM reboundin, forward
and away from lb. ...thack's surface. AI Ibis poinlthe ...
suh,,,,,.'. upper ~.>dy w..s probably I>oinlacllyely ...lard<<I by
the I.ghtened r....'ralnl 'yslem, The ....I..inl sylltm bad
h<<ome more than normally ligbleoed wbeG lb. ",rill,
powered ...thelt r.lraclo, reeled in aboul 5 10 8 C8ll1i_n
(2 to J inch..,) of ...tl>ollano .houlder ham... alack thal ~
25
Deco produ~ hy the inlllll 'ompre:1.'ilun and udallvdy
rearward flcliuD of t.he fonurlo! movmM ~lhal.:k l.:u,'1hlOn hy
lbe Itlhonlry tul lubj&!lCl's lunu.) , Thill .ut()lIklhl(nln~
phenomenon wu nota! conlllltenlly an tteveral \o't:hu:lcl'i dunn.r
our lcat lenea.
Ph... 4 . Head D<<:d'l'IIlionrro"", R." ()OO In 400
milli!ICCond,) - Alte, 300 nulh"""onds '.rum li"t humper
CODlIet, th. dClCCDI of th. 1.., .uhject's lrunk h..J '-n
completed IIld bia trunk wu movina al ....nllally the urne
velocity u Lbe vebicle. The rebound forward mollnn of hi.
bud, DOW poailioDcd Dea, ver1ie,ol, conlinued bUI wu Leina
",lively decelel'llled by the len.ioo in hia Deck, AI abouI 400
milhaecoDdI bi. bead bad ruched ill mo'l forward p,,"uion
with reapecl 10 lbe vebiele, The bileblock 10 mulol<l
referenc:e liD. WU Dearly level with lbe bOriZOD and the head
wu .10willi10 . Dearly level, forw.rd and lowered posllioD
with reapecl 10 the IlIbjecl" >boulders. The .ubJocl's head
lben beaan a return movemenl relalively rearward and upward
lowards a DOrmal upriahl po.ilioD OVtl, bis shoulders.
Ph.... 5 . Reslitulion Ph..... (400 '0 600 mllli.
seconds) - Afte, .boUI 450 nullioecond.s aft.r lirsl bumper
CODlaCl, all lesl IUbjecl body parIS w.re tl'llveling al
approxiDIII.ly the vehicle's velocily and his immc:dlll. impacl
r.I.,ed molioDS were Dearly compl.'ed. During this penoo th.
lcal .ubjocI's bead and bileblock returned 10 appro.imaldy
Ibeir pr..leal posilioDI wilb "'pecllo lb. vehld.. However,
the lesl subjocI's &bould.rs and hips ....Ied in a po,ilion abouI
3,8 eenhmel.rs (1.5 inebes) biah.r Ihan befor..
TlME.DISPLACEMENT AND ACCELER,\TlON
ANALYSIS - Analy.is of th.lime-displaccmenl record of the
body reference tara.1I and the G'lime record of the blleblock
seoaors, re(erenced by e,oleulalion 10 a poinl approSlmaldy al
the lop o( the cervical spin., delined the . dirOCIlOD
"",,Ieralion prolile for each 10.<1. Analysis also conlirmed the
u"'eDce of signJlicanl upw.rd and downward "",d.raled
mol ion of Ibe lrunk, Deck and head along Ih. z a.i,. V.hicl.
and 1..1 subJecl mollons along the y ....,. were nol (ound 10 be
signiflcanl In this t.:.al series.
Teal .ubjecl cervie,ol ntenaion and 11..iOD angl..
observed duriDa this lesl seriu were always found 10 fall
within Lbe subject'. voluntary pbyslOlog,"" limilS.
Hyper.xlell5loo or byperfluioD did Dol occur during any of
lb. leal runs. Th. muimum cervical eSl.nSlOD (nose up)
observed (or all slruck vehiel. lcal NIlS appeared 10 be ..If
limiled 10 a DlU,mum of .boul 40 10 45 d.areca, ev.n (or ICSI
run. u.sina Lbe van, wbicb bad DO headrulS. R.bound cervIcal
flexion was mirumal for .very leal w,'h head angulatIOn (nose
down) from tho normal upn~hl posture averaging Ihree 10 rive
d.ar.... 0' leas. L' the typical leal .ubJect's h..d (ollowed a
mild, head l.v.I, 'onlrollC<! (orward and downward
decel-=rah'fC morion. followw by a Mtlnllc rtelurn 10 .it nunnal
Up<lahl posture. Throuahoul the" ImpaCl r.laled kln.mal.c
rcapon..., each lul suhJ""t's hca.J and t<",,, g.n.~1I y
rCmAlnt:d WIUlID I J to 18 cenllmelcn (5 to 7 an~hc.:;). or les~.
of Ih." pr..imp.cI polllions wllh rUpe<1 10 the v.h,cl..
FifUre 3 show!I Test Run 7 re."iUILilnl lI..:celc:rJ(Jons
lll:lInll at the lop of the l;t""ll.:al ~plnt: for ~1(4;I~J IHT1C~.
~l.l1nmnll ()() Imlhso.;ond... .t'II:r humper ,'tJnl&4.:1 (l1~ 0),
Figure ~ Itlso ~huws lh(,K G \'o.:lur rtAullanLA,
3
~ -
'I'
Z[g} 0
.,
.2
.3
n.
.. I I I I
\ . 3 2 0 ., .2 .3
X(g}
F1~ure 3,
Resultalll Acceleralion (Os) of the
Neck Top at Selected Times after
Impact (milliseconds).
Test 7
PhL'Ie I . Ini,ial R."""nse (010 100 millioecoD!b1
The milia! lOp of the cervical spme resullaDl """'I.....ion .,
aboul60 milliseconds aft.r conllel is upward .1 aboul 0.3 G
and SOOD rise., 10 1.8 G upward and forward by 100
1Ol11i"",onds.
PhL'Ie 2 . PnnciDal Forward Accel.l'lllIon (100 10 200
lIIIlIi"",ond<) - AI .boul 120 milli~DdI """,1.l'IIlioD
forward and upward climbs 10 an ov.raIl peak of aboul 4.3
G" As forw.rd G. """,1.l'IIlion CODlinuea, lb. lop of th.
cervical spin. Gz ac.c:e1.ralloD rev..- from . + 1.2 G~
pooillve (upward) peak 01 150 millisecoods 10. peak Deaaliv.
(downward) .3.5 Gs .1 .boul 220 millisecooda. Al 190
millisecoDds rcaullaDl """,1.l'IIlioD .. lb. lop of lb. cervical
spm. 15 Dearly 4 G. in . downward and forward eli_lion.
Phase 3 . Head Over.mecdrrono Recovetv (200 10
300 IOJllisecond5) AI 200 Ollllisecolllh, Ill. IUbjecl'. bead
begins 10 arc forw.rd with rapecl 10 bis lorso and ove, the
out 30 milliseconds lb. lOp of !be cervic:a1 aplne is bein,
"",,leralLd forward and downward .1 2 10 3.5 G.
Simultancously, the 101'10 bealDllo r.turn forward and dowD
Ihe """Ihack slope. By 220 1Ollliseconds mosl of lb. forward
""elenll,on o( Ih. lOp of the cervic:a1 spme baa '-
accomph,hed and Ih. aClual upward mollOD of lbe 101'10 and
head h.., nearly ,........J. Also by Ibis lime. the """I.....ioo
allered sealhack anal. h.u Dearly returned 10 i15 IIOfIIIaI
p""lIon and Ih. ...., spong. have become a1moat unJOIded.
By 250 rnllh_on!b, the forw.rd moviDa 101'10 is hein,
relarded hy Ihe ,..<Iralnl <y"em and the Gz acceleralloo of Ill.
26
lOp of the: ccrvacal spln~ is r~ytenlng It.S th~ .runk IS n~)W aoout
hallWay down t!le _Iback and movID~ loward, ," ""~II\al
polllion, The .ubject'. h...J has now a"..! f""""d Wllh
r"!"",1 to Ihe lor"", decrca.sin~ lis r...rward an~le tll .bout
half the maximum 1UI~le achlev..! anJ the lOp of the c<rv,,,,,1
'pine i, beln~ """"Ieral".) r..uward and sllghlly 'Jpwud 01
about 2.3 G. Over the neXI 50 null."",onJs. as the """I
cUAbion i. compr......! by the ,ubject'. downward m"vlll~
body, the upward Ozaculerallon expenenc..! II the lOp of the
cemcal ""ine incre&SellIO .boUI 1.5 G,
Phase 4 - Head Decel.rullonrror.;o Re't (100 hl 40Q
milli5econd.1 - Around 300 nulliseconds the downwa,d
molion of the lrunlt reversea and the ,ubjece's head ha.,
retum".) 10 aboul ils pno.impacl posItion over bis 10"". At
this poinl, the reaullalllaccel.ralion al the lOp of th. cemcal
""in. dec...... 10 .boul 1 G direcled upward and rearward.
DurinK the nul 50 10 100 milliseconds, the lrunk and lorso
be,in to .....'un. . ....1 po.ilion. AI the same lime, the more
rapidly forward mavin, bead conllnu.. forwud and downward
wbile mainLainin, . nearly level poSllion with rOSJl<'CI to the
horiwn. Durin, this lIlll~.uver the lower neck become.,
mildly flex".) wbile the lOp of the cervical 'pIDe nuldly e..ends
r..ullln' in . Iund of "I.vel head bob". At around 400
millil5OCOnds the .ubject'. head beK.n. a controll..! relum
upward and rearward wbile .till nlma1Din~ nearly level. Th.
n:sullalll upward llId rearw.rd a=lerallon at the lOp of Ih.
cervical ""in. .1 this poinl is 1.7 G.
Ph.... 5 - R"litution Ph.... (400 10 600 milla-
:;ec;ondsl After 400 milliseconds Ihe Ic:.sl subjece's tx.ly
po.llIon returns 10 .boUI its pre.impact po'"lon With the
e.ceplion of bip llId .boulder poSitions about 3.8 centur.cle"
(1.5 incb..) bisb.r Ihan al the stan of the tc:.st. This may h;ove
r..ult"') from shiftinK of lrunk and hip., on Ihe ""'t', surf".,
r..idWlI 'p,na1 curv.lure slraiKhteDln~, or perhaps duc to lack
of lime for the ....I cushions 10 fully conform 10 the" recenlly
reacqull".) 10lld. Bdw..n abouI 400 and 600 mdlaseconds
.fter inlli.1 contacl, mild Gx and Gz o""illations appe<lr 10
h"eny <onlinue bUI are rapidly dampe.d and ''>In hlend IOto a
low l<veI "jiUle", probably a.'iSOClalo:J With the ,.hlel.'s
movement ovter the pavement.
GENERALIZED FINDINGS
The kinemalic responsc:s of th~ strul;:k ...(hlde It:st
subjects illr ucb leSl run were quaht.allVely slITulor '0 Ihe
above description. Th.r. were some subtle but conSistently
observed differences in the kinematic rc~sponses of Ce.'il subjecls
due 10 u., di..tmilar dc:.sign belw..n thc coupe/conven,hlc
seats and the more uprishlillld somewhal sllff.. 'e'"s of Ih.
pICkup tnlck and van. The'lesl suhJ""1 S luncmatIC responses
for thc 4 kph (2.~ mph) A V Ic:.sl runs "'ere Slmll.r 10 Ihe 8
kpb (5.0 mpb) A V ..Ie,olle., bul vlS,hly ,cl1"",OO Ihe lour,f"IJ
decrea.~ in collision relaled energy. Lower yt:I<)t;lty I~ljt runs,
ID Mener..l. w.:re asliOCllled wllh con~mh:r"bly It:s~noo ovc-rall
kiDemallc IClivity and much nuh,h:r ce:fVH:al c:xlt:nslt.m~. From
a chnic.al slalldpolnl, the nO!TUnal 8 kph (5 mph) A V lesl runs
appeared In he on the: threshold fin mild l.:t:I'\"I~JI stram Inlury
fnr ,Jur rC~III1"dy ("'rx)nc..1I(..~1 sUbJc:-.:L'i. Thte Doaun&14 kph
(~.5 mph) jV It:bt runs wt:re l..:'IDsujeRJll 1'lA:r hy the:
partl~lpi&tln~ physlI.:iWl Ic~C suhlc:..:l'i 10 hJl,vt: heen M) very mild
thai a Single .'po,ure ",uulJ havc heen unhkdy to havc
rCtlult..:J In Ill1Y S) mpIOm.ilh,!,)gy.
DISCUSSION
In revlt:wlng lh~ voluminous literature 00 this subjecl,
<Sl""'lally the many .nlelc:.s on clinica.1 analysis, experimental
I"""ng and compuler based mode1inl effona, ooe moal be
careful abouIII'.akinK the ...umplion IhalIbe CODCloaiona aboul
buman bead and neck kinem.llet reacbed in Ibeae 1IlIdi..
neceasarily apply 10 low and very low veloclry rearend
cullisio... involvinS "real people". The majorily of th...
.lUdi"" bave been primanly based on bisb.r speed, 24 10 SO
kpb (I~ 10 50 mph) or more, rearend colliaions ulilizin,
dummies, cadav..., animals, compuler models and very few
Iiye YOluoteeR.
The puzz.ling, and sometimes stubb<>rnJy penist=1
d,ni<:o1J symplom picluno frequently associ&led with .wbiplash"
inJury, especially in the absence of objective pby.ica.1 fiodinss,
leads by defa.lllo the a...umpllon thallOmedUnS unknown is
happeninS durinK low velocity re&rclId collisiona wbicb i.
damaging cervical slructurc(S) without cauains objectively
d'SC<lrnable acule changes. Since exaueraled neck motion fu
beyond lole,.ble bullWl limits bad been freqllClllly obicrved
in dummies and cadave.. durinS bi,b speed lC&Iin" it baa
been commonly lS5\Imed thai cervical byperellension and
hypernelion would also occur durinS low and very low
velocily collisions. It bas been coojectured by IDlDY thaI the
forced movemenl of the neck beyood pbysiolo,ic IimilS was
thc injury mechanism causinK th. "wbiplash" s)'Ddrome,
es!"",lally in thin necked, unprepared peopl..
n. Ic:.sl subjecls in this ..riea were robUSlly healthy
nuddle-aged men wbo we", w.1I .w.... of 1O&1Io, procalwa.
To the maximum ulenl po..ible, lell subjects were kepi
unaware of the s!"",tfic time of the impending lest iDIpIICland
all conllClOusly auempt".) 10 maintain. aormal relaxed 10_1.
looe wllile awailinK the impacl. While no ....1 IIlbjecl
c.ceeded bis normal volunl.ary rang. of cervica.1 DIOIiOll dWI
the lesl OlDS, thRe of the four did subaequeolly develop
lransieol, mild cervical slrain symploma wbich indicaled IllII
Ibere was III Injury mechaniSID IllII wu nOl depeadenl upoo
cxceedinS the physiologic limits of cervical moIioa.
nere bas been an ocaaiooal refereoce in die
rcyicwed literature to yer1aw movement of the reueoded
vduelc te.'1 subJecl (usually . dummy) under specific 1"1
CIrCUmstanCes, or as a po..ibilily in concepruaJ mode1inS.
However, Since forward accele"lion becomes 10 domiDanl in
thc often slud,,,,) hi~her s~ re&rclId collia;on. analysis of
1e.,1 suhJocI venlcal molton bas been Keaerally ipored. We
wcre cooceplllally awar. before the 10&1 ..ri.. of die
p<,,,,,,hilIlY of Impact-relal".) accele,.l1on in the Gz direction
and mad. provo"ons 10 nleaSure il. However, the IDlpilllde
and app.renl <:.IU,",' of the vcnlcal movemenll&lllCialed wilb
our human I"'" SUhJoel' and tho correspond inS Ir.k of .
~) 1
samill&r \'er1llUll ex,unaon oh~r\o'e.d in the HyhnJ lit Jummy
had nol ~n prwlcl~ (rom our r~\'lew ot Ih~ !l.uhJe~t
Iilerature.
Ob..rvallon of the high sJ'C<"l tilm ,e.:",1I 0' Ihe
slruck "hicl. 1..'1 runs dlsdo...J lhal Ihe 1..,1 sub,""I', carly
upwaru n~k move~nt an..! Ifillial (nrwllru haJ motion v.~re
due 10 ..v.ral prob.ble IIl<<hllfllsms, Flrsl. th.re w.., Ilfl
upward lo"ina acllon caw;ed by Ihe n"",,,,1 v.h,cl. ...uback
anale, wbich w.. il5elf increaocd by aceelerallen rolal.,.)
deOeclion of the _Iback, Second, there Ippeaml 10 be an
acceleralioo rellled Ilraiablenina of the normal thorac.c,
cervical and, perhaps, lumbar 5Jlwl cUrvlturea .gain'l the
forward movina 1lCI1back surface, r.,.ultina in an app.renl
axial I.nathenina of the spine. Third, rea.slance 10 neck
slructure bendiDa leDeraled by the DOrmal postural muscle
laD. of lb. upriahl ne.:k may conlribule 10 the inilial forward
bead accel.ratioD .. recorded .1 lb. lop of the ccrvlCJlI .pone.
Th. upward movemenl of the 1....I.ubjecl'.lrunk anll
Deck ba&o caw;ed I more complex than ..peeled motion of the
neck and bead. 'This inilial upwlrll motion w.. irnrne.dlal<ly
followed by I sudd.n and surprisinaly v.goro..., d"",enl of the
lrunk, wbicb may have resulled from a "rubbe,band" eff""l of
the kinemalically straiablened and slrelched lrunklspirud
Slructures as the upwlrdly moving pelvis bccom.... restricI.,.)
by the lapbelt. Sbortly If.er the subject's lrunk reach.... Ih.
Iimil of upwlrd compliance permilled by the lapbelt, the 5Jline
.ppeared 10 forcefully return 10 ils original un.cr.lched and
curved Slal..
According to our me&.'iurements o( the struck vehicl~
leslsubj""L' durinalbe 6 10 S kpb (4 10 5 mph) t>.V 1....1 runs,
lb.r. was an inilial axial comprossion. m.asured al the lop of
the cervical5Jline, wbicb aceeleraled the head at about I 101.5
Gs upward, followed, as the base of Ihe n""k wa.' pull""
forwa,d and downward, by . brief peal< axlallenSlon through
Ihe r...""ard "I.nded cervical spine of .bout 2 10 4.5 Gs.
Th. I... .nersetic J 10 4 kph (I. 9 10 2.4 mph) ::. V I.." runs
rl!4ulted io .....ntially the same lype of head and n""k mOllon
wilh much d<<reased accelerations and kinr:malic rr:sponse..'i.
Al lb. low and very low velocuy rearend collisions
evalualed dunng our lesl senes, the mosllik.ly IOJUry to have
occu"',.! w.. I mild cervi",,1 and upper shoul~.r muscular
slrain. In ou, e.perience, this relalively OlJld injUry would
bave been e.peeled to be, and wa." self-limlled. It appears
from our present results thaI the principal mechani""l 5Ir""s on
the cerviC.lliI 5pine roelaled to rearcnd vet'licle ,olhsions in the
low 10 very low velocity range is a rapid compre.'ision4Censlon
cycle d""cled axially through Ih. cervICal 'pin. and neck
musculature a.'i the ne.:lic;1 sequentially compresses. extends.
accelerates the head 10. lens Ion and th.:n tl~xe.'i, all occumng
wi.hin thr: normal physiologic range of motion limits of th~
ne.ck. A :\ugg~sted prohahle injury causation m~chanism
consistent With the.'ie ob~rvi&hons \\Iould he a locahuJ
cervlc.d/upp:r thoracic muscular stram cau.<:,e(j hy rapid. short
e,,"curslon. (orced muscular complIance ta suJden unantlclpateJ
hmslon. occurring II an onset rate heyond the phYSIOlogiC
tolerance of the .freeled muscles' intract'lIular nucro-
str\lccur~:i. Fklah:d, o\lcracllvt> or out of 'i~n(hronllJ!lon
n:tlt:x musculiu len!iHlnlnl!J It) cuntrul had motion may
I.:nnlnhut~ to Ihe muscubr !'llnAin proc~. ..llhoulih our t~l
suhJL":ts mu..~:ulllr corr~h\'e Oll:\:hani~m.s appeamJ t.o ~
.pprnpnale1y c.."dulJlled and eHoc~lve hy .boul 200 to 150
nulh"""on.u .ft.r Im"""l. An aJdiliolw, I... likely, bu.
posslhle injury medwlIsm may "" simple comprcaaion-rellled
";UI. nucflH:onluslllnal injun.. to the cervica.1 and upper
lbo"",,,, 5Jlin. cOMoclI'. lI..ue and joinc slruclURa. Similar
compr....ion.l.n.,on injury coLlSllion mecbanisma may accounl
for the nuld low b..:k dIscomfort symplomsthal are sotllOlimea
reported by individuals invol,cd ill low ,.lociIY rumld
c"lIisions.
Pbolographic observllioD of the bead, Deck and upper
torso relalionships thaI occumd during eacb leal subjecl's
peak cervical e'lettsion su....led the pclIIibiliey of an
inhereDl, analomically based, neck extensioD limilllioo
mechanism, A IrianMUlar shaped support slructure for the top
of the cervical 5Jline is ro~ by the auPportilll ItruclURa of
the upper 10rso, the partially ..Lellded (.Irailblelled) cervical
spine and lb. musdos of the ant.rior Deck tbal Dormally
malntaiD the b""! erecl. lnilial cervica.1 muscl. bracina would
involve p......,.isting DOrmal neck muscl. tOD., followed durinl
the middle and end of the inilial kin.mallc respo..... period by
,ene. and voluncary muscular bead rigblina activily. 'This
progressl.ely more lelive bracing mechanism, ill c:onjunclioo
wilb the downward and forward movellieiJI of lb. should.,.
and base of the nock, (wblcb occumd ill our leal aeri.. ",ell
before the subject's head and neck IIlld reacbed full..t....ion),
may help self.limil (.11....1 in the low v.locilY .ilUllioD) neck
ell.nsion 10 withiD pbysiologically lolerabl. limits, The
ab",nce of t1us active bracina mechanism in both
anlbropomorphic dummi.., and cadaver le.<l subjects may
lecount for the observation of unchecked rearward bead
molion and n""k hyperell.nsion reported in experiments
ulllizing th.... .mperfocl human analoas .. I.... subjecca.
CONCLUSIONS
The dala from our low velocily rearend collision Le61
sene.' uSing volunt<<r losl subjects supports lbe preliminary
conclus.on lMlsubstantlal Gz d"""lIon a<;ee1.ralioD occun and
IS associaled WIth both compressive and tensile forces
sequ.nllally d"oct"" a.tially IMough the cervica.1 spine.
These push-pull fore.,. probably repl'elOlll an iIIjury
causal ion mecbanism indepeDd.DI of lb. C<lmmonly dac:ribed
cervical "whiplash" hypere'lensioDlhyperlle.ion mechanilm.
For "",rend collisions withiD the ,.Ineity rani. included ill our
tosl series. the classic "wbiplash" injury mechanism, _IDS
unlikely since no hyper"lension or hyperlluion wy nbaerved
10 any of nur tesl subjects. Desp'l. bavinl e.perioaced DO
n""k excurSIons beyond the" volunlary range limits, IMoe of
ou, four 1",1 SUbJecl' I"",si.ntly IIlld very mild, bul clinically
clasSIC neck dIscomfort symploms.
During the lower .ne'IY level 4 kpb (2.' mpb) AV
1.'1 runs, the losl suh,oc!'s relallvely rearward bead molloo
w.., sllnilar bUI much OlJlder and. In eacb ....., tha back of lba
''''I suhjec!', head did nol r...ch Ihe headrelll. The injury
28
""llUl,on polenllal durin, th... leA" WL' luhl""'''e1y )udW..J
hy the phYOlclan lell luhiect' III have ~n nununal or nlln.
Oli.lenl.
The rcport~ rcaults uf this Il)w V~IUl;IIY tC'~l scn~!ri
IUIsal . cUmpreli5lon.leDllwD injury C/I,U5Alwn Dl<<hanJim
wbicb probably C&ll C&uae ..If.limil..J minor cervical, tho"",c
and lumbar mWlCle .Irain. and, po"lbly, COM"""ve II..Uc
and/or verteb..t JOlnl micr<Konlwllon.1 inJuneo an'" thai =y
,,"Dual for the d,,,,,,,meon .ymplom' commonly reponcd .ft.,
low velooily rurend colli.ion.. The very !WI'" "',,,,,omion
.ymplollll Olpcnoaced by our three lco' .ubjecla, after
mullipl. leal ..""'u...., indic&led lllelthe 6 10 8 kpb (4 10 5
mpb) .INck vebicle (; V ,co. condllion., we,.. pmhebly ", or
neer, Iypical bUIIIID Ib,....I\l)ld for very mil"', 510ale evcnl
mlllCulo.bletaJ cervical .'rain injury.
The Ial reeulla from our .maIl number of leo' run.
and rel'lively bomo,eoeoUSlesl panel shoul'" be .upplemenlcd
by (Urlber leaIiD,. Thi. leaILOa, whicb should indu"'c. wider
variely of leal .ubjecla UTaOacd in differeo' """lina "".lIions,
various ridin, po.lU.... and ....Imnl .yslem uoaae, would
beUer derLOe lbe complcle ranao of c.pecl<d k'Demal"
responS4O& by lb. vehiclo ridina aonoral puhlic 10 low and vory
low ve'ooilY ruread collisions.
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Macnab, I. The wtupluh syndrome. Clm. NaJroIW'Jl (1m), 20:232.
4"
M.enal>, fan, M.B., Ch.B, FRC.S. The .~luI1 Syndrome..
0rth0p0J", CIuU.:I of NOM Ameril:a. Vol. 2. No. 2. 389--403 (July
1911).
Macnal>, Ian. 1'01 B., ChB, F.R.C.S Ao:<elcrabon Injurico of "'"
Ccrvl<ll SI'UlC. The Journal of Bone ar.J Joinl Su......., VoL 46-A, No.
8, 1797.1799 (~ 1964)
MlII1ntl, J.L. G&n;.., D J A model for whiplMh. J. Bioma:h (968),
113.32
M...... /II. ar.J Pllnck, L. M. .lnv....l!Ilion of II1c: KinanaIO:e and
KlnclJo:a of Whiplash. ""-linp of II1c: 11111 Slapp Car C.....
ConfelCf1<C, pp 173206, SAE I'lpcr 6709t9. (1961).
29
MCIU, HJ. and Pa1n<:k, L.M !'olla1K'11I1lll R,*p_ of Ihe Hou"""
N..k, ""-linp of Ihe I~th Sl.app Conf",......", pp 207.~5, SAE
"'pcr 710155, (\971)
Mcru, HJ. "N..k Injury U1 BiolTlCllo'hInl<. and iu A1'Pilc&lIon .,
A_v. Doliill'" SA!!, Wancnd&Ic, J1\Jbilc&llon Nn. P. 49, iJlIluary
19131.
Muzzy W, WH. Sccmann, MR, Wlllcma. GC, L.......k, LS. BilIncr, AC:
The Errrd of M... DiauibUllOn P\lNncIcn on HClIdIN..k Dynuru<
Raponac, Proc, 3llh Sl.app Cor Cruh Conf. Soo:idy 01 AUb>mo',..
En.......' WtJ"I'aIdaIc, PA, pp 167.184. (\916)
Noma. S.H, and Will, I. "The Prop.iI or N..k Injuria Rcaulllng
60m Rar-cnd Vchklc Colliaiona" Journal or Bone IIlll JoW surecry,
Vol. 6,S.B, No. 5, 606-11 (November 1983)
O'Neill. B. ct. al. "AUIOmObilc Head RaIninla . FroqUCllCY 01 Neck
Injury CIaima in Rclalion ID lhc Placnoc 01 Head RaIIaJnla" A.J.P.H.,
J99-106 (Man:h 1m).
Pun>c, J.M.S. Whipluh injury: a ....ppllll&l. Joo01lI 01 N...rology,
N...ro.u'l"')', and "'ychia!ry, 52. 1329,1331 (1989).
~no, R. The IIlIlOmy 01 Ihe ....i<al n:lli<>n wiIh partl<ular
n:1crcna: ID lhc .ymplDmllDlolD' ollhe 'whipluh' ....... J. Bone JoW
Swa. (\956); 31A; 438.
Pirar, FA. Sancca, A. Yopnandan, N. Rcinaru, J, Maiman, OJ. Suh
JK, Unl"'. G, Cualck IF, Unon, S/: Biodynamics oflhc ToIal Human
Cadaveric Cavic:aJ Spine. Proc' JoIIh Sl.app Car Cruh Coni. Soc:icIy of
A_v. Eneinecn, WI1TCIldaIc, PA. pp ~~.7:!, (\990).
Pruad. P.. ct. al. 'Dynamic RcaponIC 01 the SpUlC DUNlg -GX
Aoo:clcntion" ""'-Jing. of lhc 19th Sl.app Confcrcna:, pp 869-897.
S.\E Poper No. 7~ 11 n.
Raney, A.A., Raney, R.B.. IIlll HunlCr, C.R. Chroruc polllnumauc
headache and the syndrome of ccNk.al di.\c ksion foUoWU1g head lrauma,
J. N...ro.urg, 6: 4~~. (\949).
s..-, Jr., ct. al. 'E>pc1'U'lla1l.iJ Stud... 01 Bram and 1'1... inJury'
""'-Jingo oflhe ~th Sl.app Conlc","c", 1'1'. 149.194, SA!! ""per No
811032 (1981).
s..-.lr.. el. al. "_physiology ofC.crY;.",) InJunca' l'roo;cQjU1g.
orlhc 260h Sl.app Conlm:ncc, pp. 4),70, SA!! Popcr No 8211~3, (1982)
_ry. D.M.. MIIhcwaon, J.H.. and 8c<hIDl, C.O., M.D. ConlrolJal
A_iJc Rear.End Colliaiol\l,lIllnvcatigalion 01 R.iaJ.cd Engine<ring
and Mcdi<al PIIcnomcna. Conadian XIV''''''' Mall...,,1 Journal. VII, "r..7.
~9 (\955)
Snydc" RG. "Human ImpadTol""",...,," 1970 Inlcn1lllonal AUIDl"ohilc
Sefdy Cllnftrcncc Compendium, pp. 712.782. SAE, WUTcndalc, PIper
No. 700398, (1970)
S~, ID, K"m, MW, MU<f1IOII. J B 'TI.. Em""",, of Whlplluh
Injuria" Proc:ccdinis of the 1301 Ctl"f~I'l:""C: of the Amenan
A1lOCiation (or AutDmouve MaJil:U1e. pp. 83-108, AAAM, Arlintrto"
H.,ghU. II11n00a, to<...... 19691
Slalca, 10., el. aJ. 'lnlury F""lUCI"'y.".J Hu.! Rauau1i ErrCl:tl'..-
U1 R.....En.! Impa" Ao.....oIcn.." Procuo.lu,... 01 lhc Il>lh Sl.app <At Cruh
Conf.........., 1'1' ~~7, SA!!, W.I'TCtl>olaIc, I'lpor No. 1Z.fN67,
tNovanhrr 19"r..).
Thibaull,L., Go:nnarclli, TA. Biomcc_ of DifTuac Brain Injuria.
""'-JU1g1 01 lhc Illh InIm1otionaJ T..hnIcal Conr........ on
E>pcrima1lal Sorely Vchk..., Odord, England, July 1-4, 1915.
Wulunl"'n, DC., u.S. ~ or TIMIpOIIAIlon. NaIlonaI
Hi&/1way Tram.: SorclJl AdminiIlnIion. DOT.H~""I, Mud11919.
Thicmcycr, lohn 5., lI., M.D" OI.rl<M, Goo... A., M,D.. HolIinI,
Goo... G., Jr., M.D. Whij>Laah Injuria of lhc Ccrvioal Spine.
Vlrainia Medial MOf1lhly, Vol, 15, 171-4 (Apnl19"),
WdIb, Michael 1'1.. TcmI\, Allan GJ. WhipIuh: Mcchaniama and
PIIlcma of rllluc InjUl)'. lownal 01 lhc AUIInlian ChiropradD,'.
AIIlocialion, Vol. 1~, No. 2, ro69 (J1UlC 1915),
Weinberg, Simon, DDS, FRC[)(C) and LaFl>iru, Havy, DDS. Cavical
E>lauionlFlWon Injury (WlUpIu/1) and lnlcmaJ Dcran~ or Ihe
Temporomandibular loW. J Oral MullIol'oc. SUIll, 4', 6,S~ (Augual
1987).
While, A. A.. 10 Ii. Plnjabi. M. M. "Clinical BiomccIIIni<e 01 Ihe
Spine". Lippinooll, PlWatJcIplUa (1971).
WLlliams, J F., McKenzie, I.A. Techni<al NOI.CI. The Elfrd or
C.ollialOn s.",erily on Ihe Motion 01 lhc Head and 1'1... During
'Whiplash'. J. Biomcchania, Vol. 8, :1'7.2$9 (1975).
Wllmana, l., Oorachol, H, Wolbing, IU: OnW-DircclionaI Human
Head-Neck Response. Proc. 30h Slapp Cor Cruh Coni. Soc:idy or
A""'motivc Engineers. Wanendale, PA, pp 313,325, (1986).
30
srudyU used only r},e horizontil "x" axis. Therefore,
wh.n this type of dlta is comp"red '0 <h. .((.I....lIon
p.mublrion. of dlily living, only the lame axla &bould
be rer.rene.d.
No.. thl. this 'Ndy WI' Iimi..d In the number of
volunteers. The full spectrum of the population, with I
p...um.d wide varilnce in physical and p.yobotopc
profiles, W:IJ not tested.
In this 'Ndy, the .ccel.radon. .xperi.nced by the
h..d in activities of daily living wer.Ill'....r thsn would
be inrultlvcly expected. Also, the acceleradons appeared
to be snater than those seen in the same pans 01 th.
body durin. some no~damale moeor vebicle rea..~nd
impacu. When assusinl che claims of and poeendal for
injury from an Iceid.n., many m.dlcal, p.ycholopc;
and possible nomogenic facets of the c:a.sc need co be
considered. One (aaor is the estimate of the lor~ that
were appli.d <0 the person and the ran8' of po"ibl.
rissu. damage that could be caused by Ipplyin, .uob
(orces. With no-damJgc accidenu, one can rc&SSU,U an
:lcc:idenc victim who had oehet"YJise been fri&hu:ncd by
rumors of h(lrTor and the mYStery that sometimes (01..
tows the MY A "whiplash" scenuio.
R.f.rlncts
1. Bogduk N. The anatomy and parhophysiololY of whl,.
1;l1h. Cliniol Biomcchanics 198&;1:92-101-
2. C.us.Banl WL. Frymoycr ]VI. Idc:ntifyil'll padena at ritk
oi becominlJ disabled beuuse of low bade pain. The VU1ZIonc
Renabiliurion Engjncennl Centu Predictive ModeL l!a.ll,m
Or1kopaedic A.s.s.oci,uion Award for Spinal Rcsurch). S,iM
1911, \6,605-7.
J. ;o..(..;C"nndl WE, Howud RP, BuamJn H.,\t. noli. AAaly11a
I,l nurtUI1 (UC fuble~ '.cinematic usponses to loW' .,.Iocicy tear
en,! In'pJ~U, Society IJl AutomotiVe Enlil'lcerinl, U91. .ech.
r'Il':.ll t1Jper (\1), ')JIH-i'J.
0.\111' Pcmub,rion. VcrtU, 'W\ipl&th' 111'
T.bl. 2. Hud ";- fo,c. P.""rlI.tJon, 01 O.i1y Li.in~
".., 01,.C114 Acell.lIlllln IGII V.,'tlc,l 0111(114 Acc,I"'lIlIn IG.I Vlcllll 'CUIII,a," '1mG' Aller,
.,. .,. .,. .,' .,. ',' ""1" ....1..
hllll Low Hloa" Mun Low HI,,, Mun ,..11 Vllu. a.',...
A ~oolll.,. 0.1 U OJ 0.1 OJ 0.1 U 1SI..J
, $I,rllt OJ ~I 01 OJ 01 0.' 0.1 <0.5
A Shollldlrc"l:k OJ 1.1 OJ 0.1 0.' OJ 1.1 ILl
A 5"J1d 'JO 0.' IS 01 01 Il 0.1 1.1 .0
, Mud !lob 01 1.1 II 01 II 0.' U 21.1
A 51140""'" O. 1.1 1.1 0.' 10 10 I.l iU
A SnIU' 0.1 1.5 10 01 I.l II U ....
A Cou," 0.1 l.O 1.1 0.1 LI ~I l.1 lII.5
, C,ow410,tI. 0.1 1.1 U OJ lO " U fJ.J
, srlll on !lIck 0.1 U 11 0.1 l.1 " '.1 <a..J
, K1ckcPlli, 10 ~1 1.1 OJ I.J IJ OJ n.
A 104000" If' II Ll " II IS 1.1 II 1.1 IU
A P!110 in c"llr " U lJ 1.0 II U I~I SOU
Mlln' 0.1 I.J II ., 11 U l.1 61.0
Hiq1l, 'ow, IfI4 m..,.. 0' .'9f'IIIIICIKI' tY\,.'Ultod rOl .CUllllllOI'l "IIIICI' ..O'...ed ,n tile '''' alrllCnotl II WlI. II'ld OOwnwMt ~ II &lltl /0113 ..."...
.....n.. 014"'" 1Ml'It. SicI. to Ild_. "'I' cStl' Wit ..,n....lHfl.i! aI'ld wit nOI ~Ia'lld, ",I KCel."t.o" ....en" "'.,...,.. 01" 'otell ""'II ~lc\IlIleo'rom \lit ~
....h... c,. '1'11' '0' 'M:" .....,,1, n-_ .,....01 the rore". IIQf".1'I11 ~IiIIC\l(Jll 01 \t'I. ~Klot ," dlqrMI 'rom Joo'IlOI'ItM. ,,-.""'.. me~irog .OI.......~
movl"",'.I'II, It . ""I'f'. rr'l1"'''' an IolrY:OI.rlVll.., Q' I'IIP"'. mollon. C,,1y 'our P'I)Cl4,.,r.JVUO ."..I'I'l"M'UIItnII"U wet. C'QIIecttod on 0f'4 ,..CltICt. Only ~
,1oltl.lICl 'IOU 'lie." 110m tNI"'nd .n lI'I. ~'. 1I'l'lCr"'1119 ;nl.....U.. 110 14 111. "'.,,"'u"' il",'IICl4"I~ l7y IN lICht,
1:1 ["NO ~non' are
""on.-r,O", the
01 pC""lbl.lon '0
o Clwe injury. In
Ion. are INly lI1e
,o.lik.ly .0 bc 10,
",d in ,hi. 'Ndy,
.In, down in.o .
., no' 111. I.me for
crform .imllarly.
pe""rb. the body
fer '"norm.1ln ec..
,d, 'Thl. 'Ndy used
I Wlr to compare
11..d In .imple ev.
ult, rlar.end mo"
nCI, luch as swinl.
nI.d, looklnl over
IP, ctelled .cccler.
" b.ckaround of 1
IlItI to occur under
luch circumSl:ances, Ihen it can be considered to occur
Iponl:aneously.
Other simple daily evenu, such :as sncezin" cough..
ing. or beins jostled as if in :a crowd, were shown to
crute maximum acceleradons to the head (and carre.
spondinl lorque ',vcls a. Ihe ncck) of 2,9 g.o 3,6 g. Thi.
level of perturbanon was recognizable by the subjectS,
bur also was considered trivial. The upper level of jos.
Iling .xperi.nc.d by rhe lubj.... was for hopping off a
step and plopping down into a chair, with--tespcctive
veCtor accelerations of 8.1 , and 10.1 I. neither of
which caused any adverse notice by the subjeCt'S. Is this
an upper limit of norm~l tolcrance? E.xploring the lower
limits of routine events is ufe, but exposing subjcCt's to
forces chac could be considered injurious would be: eth.
ically crucherous.
Without the applicacion of some external force, there
can be no lnotion. Ultimately, it is the applic.:uion of
some extern31 force that causes bodily motion that
should be responsible for all cha~ follows, particularly if
physical bodily injury is co be considered. With the
advent of sophisticated acceleromc:un and high-~pecd
compuce(.bascd ac:quisition syuems, collecting .1cccier.
acion d.at.a for vuious bodily pertUrbations is feaSIble.
The purpose of this study was co express ;In extension.
t1e.'cion modon that ,auld be (elated to the so-calle.:!
"whiplash" monon ot MVA scenarios. The extension
rlnge W3.S not measured, only the accelerations or "g"
for.::cs. We found that in one event of dally Jaivicy, the
vector Jcceler:uion of 10.4 g was experienced unevent.
ful'y. These values m1Y be comparable in force and
dic~ction to low velocity no-damage re;J;C.(nd MV As.
When 'ampJrin~ 1.:cclefJtlon Hresses between J.1dy 3C'
rlVlOC1 .1nJ ;...('I,\s, it is imponJnt (Jnl,. co comp:ue' the
C'1'jl'/11~nr .1.'<js_ For c'tJrr.ple, W-:u', ;"'1'/,\ bump
8.5G
,u,nlitlon 0' tJ'!l ~"tor
01 "plOIl in chai," IVtne.
cl'l tit. lorcu 'Nould Il.
I'US t"."f I./nltJ Ind tI't,i'
It'l. I'\lId in this sc!'l,m'IIC
IS an ,..pt"'lon 0' t'"
~--I
1\
37
........)
HARRINGTON & CALDWELL, P.C,
By: ROGER J. HARRINGTON ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFFS
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 09885
100 NORTH 17TH STREET, 15TH FLOOR
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103
. 12151751-1135
JOHN AND LINDA
TRAUM
v,
IN THE CUMBERLAND
COUNTY COURT OF
COMMON PLEAS
KEVIN E. KOONS
NO, 92.2005
CIVIL ACTION. LAW
PLAINTIFFS' ARBITRATION EXHIBIT PACKAGE
I, Llali>lIitv Exhibits Tab
Police report 1
Admission of defendant's negligence
(Koon's deposition, 2-23-98, NT 23) 2
Prudential policy det;laratlons showing
Full tort 3
Property damage estimate ($874 84) by Mike
Fleming t 4
Property damage estimate ($1,44024) by Ted
Schaum 5
Towlrlg bill 6
~hotographs of plaintiffs' motor vehicle after
2-7.94 accident 7
Mr Traum's fax transmittal of Schaums two
damage estimates and towing bill to Mr Fleming 8
, To/tfeasor paid property damages In this amount
a
II. Mtijlc.' Record,
Holy Spint Hospital emergency room records 9
Or. Anthony Vincent's attending physIcian report 10
John L Sbarbaro, Jr M 0 report 4-21-94 11
MRI 4.25-94 12
Or. Sbarbaro report 6-28-94 13
Or. Sbarbaro report 10-12-94 14
Or Sbarbaro report 12-5.94 15
Dr. Sbarbaro's office notes 16
Mikhail Feylikh, MD. EMG 6-19-98 17
Or. Freylikh, MD report 10-26-98 18
Randall N. Smith, M.D. report 6-29-98 19
Dr Sbarbaro C. V 20
Dr. Smith CV 21
Mr. Traum's bed (photo) 22
list of Medical Treatments 23
III, Prior Motor Vehicle Accident 11-17 '@41
Dr. Vincent 2-4-94 paid Invoice 24
Property damage estimate ($937 69) by
Paul Gutherman" 25
Property damage estimate ($1.165.60) by
~ed Schaum 26
-----_._.-...._.~_._.....-_.-_._.-
1 Mr. Traum received this amount from lortf88sor
2
.
IV prior M.e~lcals
Dr. Anthony Vincent's
(chiropractor) paid InVOices for visits In 1993 27
Dr. Vincent's response to defendant's subpoena
for records 28
Dr. Javlan's file for treatment from 1987 to 1991,
inclusive 29
V Post Medlcals
Emergency room record and x.ray report
following motor vehicle accident on 1-20.95 30
. ,
3
.
. '
.,~
[1".'~ E!IS AGENCY "'INCIDENT 1/: YI.J- J 'I" ,.;:
17UtiDtCAI. FACLITY IfICCIDEI'fTDATE: ..:J. ?_ Cj'l/
rlO:f'lot>L.a. IIWORlIA TlON H I
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~U~TION r;-J ~..lltER rOJ -, DWII M :"It:- <>-
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(F AI'l'LICAIlf)
. .
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r, i
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Ill. D1E15CIV11JN OF ON.AAGEo PROPERTY
.......,.......;.........,............ ..
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'7. NARRATIYE .IDiNTIFY PRECIPITAnNG IYEIlTS, CAUSATION FACTORS, UOUEHCE OF EVUHS, wrrnESli STAILlI"-HTS, AND PROYlOI ADOIlIONAL
onAILS.UKIINSURANCI INFO....""" AND :.DCATlON OI'TOWlri WHIlClS "KNnWN
(I~ l,,; 2 s:~,,/, /.:~ '~17'<..- <" 1.h14C' 1,1,,, .Z;;./ /<-;.. Ovo../ !<J..o k ../ I" j,,) Ii!~~.( ',1..'.....
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,'J/"I/,1C'.~<I ,,~.I .,,~ 0 C""" ,'"",f-"c-v ... ,~~ .; I., ,,- I; " '-/1., A f d M F/ ~.',
~"I a. I " 'l.dt f _",.> ,,,,';;' '" 4..' IlN On ..-Jl.. 1
1/ i, ,; I::. ;,1 "I'..... 11.", k, ( LA (.-rL, .<,. C. f.. <'~ I/.;"L 'f- ,u. ~./
7;; .11.... ",.....~d~, J . ./ /A .1-;./ i....;.. <h-./ 11. ,....IoL.f 17-j~,-o L
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.'.~, j d-' 11 ,. "Z..l" I, ..,,:....+ "" JL'.J~ C'" -I- dIN L -f:; J. '
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INSlJRANCl;
I'lFORMA flJN
<NT
I
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,
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AOOM~ ~
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UNIT' e'f/re' 'J:f"I,~~- ...
UNU J
~'. BAI'E 192.J'T'" ~SULTS DNDTUT~'. 01lA1lU
USI r---- TEST 0 IVUSl USE
UNII'I 0.__% 0 LfII( UNIT 2
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TC NIC
02.1TYPf
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0.__% 0 IN( YES ][J IIJ 0
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4R47hO
P'Gli~
INVISTIGATING AGENCY
KEVIN E. KOONS
FEBRUARY 23,1998
Multi-Page '"
Page 22
I problems wilh that vehicle that you can rem(J1lber'
2 A No
3 Q Do you know what the mileaae was on the car
4 around lhe date of the accident?
~ A Over 80,000 miles, I believe.
6 Q Do you know al whal pOInt on the road lhat the
7 unpacl occum:d? Do you remember any"
8 A Whal do you mean by that?
9 Q Do you remember any"
10 A Anything that sticks out in my mind'
II Q Ves, anything that sticks out, a sign, a school,
12 a building, anytlung. a rOlld. InterllCClion'
13 A As far 15 I don't think there was anything.. if
14 we wenl there right now I believe I could show you where it
15 was, but I don't.. J think it wasjusl basically, you
16 know, a line of houliCs and SlUff 11lere wasn't any
17 outstanding buildings or anything
18 Q Do you remember whelher there was a school wne
19 during thai stretch of road?
20 A No, nol ..
21 Q Vou don't remember ..
22 A Not the pan ..
23 Q" or, no, there wasn'l?
24 A On the pan that I had already traveled, like ..
25 MR. GOVER. I objeclto the form. At what poant
And that cracked?
Ves, it did
Whal part of your car Impacted wllh Mr. Traum's
I Q
2 ^
3 Q
4 car?
5 ^ l' m nol sun: I would assume the bumper.
. Q Al the pOInt of Impact, what was your SpCI<d
7 limit. what spCI<d were you driving?
8 ,\ I can'l say for sure. I can 'I give you a
9 definite number.
III Q After the car turned left in front of you, you
II said you had put on the brakes, possibly decreased five
12 miles an hour and put your foot back on the gas. How
13 long .. how many seconds pllSSed before the impact
14 occurred"
15 A One, maybe one or two.
16 Q So it would be fair to say that the unpacl
17 occurred while you were going approxunalely 30 miles per
18 hour'!
Iq ^ No, I wouldn't say the Impacl occurred. I would
20 say prior to impact, prior to me hilling the brllkes befon:
21 impacl occurred.
22 Q When did you hit the brakes'
23 A As !lOOn as my vision was .. I gu<ss it was
24 approximately one 10 IWO seconds after my vision was
25 restored.
Page1t
~
r
..
5
A ~
Q ~
^ ~
Q r
ac.:iden
A r
Q ~
is A ~
9 people I
o no byst
~ Q (
~ A
.J Q
.. A'
.5 Q I
16 A'
'7 anyone
Shadlo,
9 If they
!O hospi to
11 Q J
i2 A I
13 Q'
t ~ i
~
Page 23 Page 2
I in the: road are you referring 10 the: school zone? 1 Q Whal happened althe scene of the accident?
2 MS. HARRINGTON: It's kind of hard. He doesn'l 2 A What, as far 15"
3 remember the name of the: road. 3 Q What did you do" After the impacl occurred, what
4 MR. GOVER: I have also indicated for the: record 4 did you do?
5 we will admil negligence. 5 A I got out of the car. lie got out of his car,
6 BY MS. HARRlNGTON. 6 came back I said would you like to exchange insurance?
7 Q Sure. From the: mall and to the: point of impact 7 lie said. no, I'm not from around tJus area. We need to
S do you remember ever passing the: school zone? 8 call the police and walked to the closesl house and went ..
9 A No. 9 he said he had 10 use the phone, there had been an
10 Q Were any of your passengers injured in tJus 10 acc.dent, went in and called the police, J beh.ve, or
II accident? 1 J maybe somebody" J tJuok somebody from inside the house
12 A No. 12 called. I don'l remember actually who Inade lhe call.
13 Q Were you injured in this accident? 13 Q Where was Mr Traum's vehicle after the impacl?
t4 A No. 14 A Off the SIde of the road. like an .. well. lhere
15 Q Was your car <lamaged in Uus accidenl' 1\ wa.. mow there, so I would assume there', grass then: when
16 A Ves. I 16 the,'C's not mow
17 Q Whal wa.. wrong with your car? 17 Q llis car was pushed mto the snow bank'
18 A II had a cracked turn signal lens. 18 A Veah.
19 Q Whal else? 19 Q Okay.
20 A That was it. 20 AVes
21 Q Okay. Describe for me the: cracked turn signal. 21 Q Did you ever ask Mr. Traum if he was hurt after
22 Whal actually happened to your car? 22 lhe accident'
23 A Well.the:re IS a plaslic lens thai is colored 23 A No, he didn't seem to be injW'Cd No, I did not.
24 yellow so that when the: bulb comes on II looks like your 24 Q The question was did you ever ask Mr Traum if he
25 lurn signal. l5 was injured'
Page 22 - Page 25 HUGHES. ALBRIOIIT, FOLTZ Ie NAT
717-S40-0220\717-39)-S I
AI
Z the:y n
,
p Q.
4 happe'
15 A'
6 the:y Cl
'7 Q
18 A'
'9 Q'
10 accide.
II A I
12 parked
3 Q I
.. A;
5 Q.
6 arrive,
7 A,
8 same I
9 the: 5pt.
o accidc:
I drivab
2 contae
3 hour.
4 Q I
, traveli
ThellNdnll8
r.:U~.ntlal "....Iy ..... ell.ally
....'M' Com"rty
11111111111I111111111111
/to ''''''1'111' If Thl "....nU.1 h..wlflu
C..,..,., If A"'lft"
Car Polley Amended Declerellon.
Pollay Numb.r: 28 ZA6387~ 1
AlIenay Dill: 55706At 2 IIEDA 016
" O. loa 1127
JICuo""lIIa, F\. .uu
CU.nt ....vl...
'_'00-4'7-11"
CI,'m.
'-'00-417-'515
Nili'll" lnaurld
..~ ',0, A~~""
~ .I IIi I
\1 "'....../' ~
Thl E"lctlvl Dltl 0'
Tr.llm Jahn Jr .nd Lind.
1705 Slnnltt Pl.cl
Holland PA 18966-26At7
thll Pal Icy Chlngl II OAt/15/9At
Thl. polley perlad coverl 6 month.,
'ram 01/07/9At to 07/07l9At, 12.01 A.II.
It placl 0' glraglng,
Llltad bllow Ira name. and birth dltal 0' Ilclnlld drlvlr. relld.nt In your hOUlahold.
I Traum John Jr
07/22/At7 2 Trlum Llndl
03/27/At9
Lilted below Irl th. clr. covlrad by your polley.
CAR YUR IIAKE
II0D~L
800Y TYP[ VEHICL[ 10 NUIIBER TERRITORY SYIIIOL CLASS coot
1
2
1988 PIYllouth
1990 llercury
Horlzan A Hchbk 50
Topa. as Sedan ltO
IP38KI8D6JY139160
211EPK36X71P6399lt5
031
031
7
At
811120
811At20
Lilted balow arl your polley covlrlgel, llmltl Ind premluml. I' e premium charge dOli
nat Ippelr, th.t cavlrlge II not provldld.
COVERAOH
LIIIITS
PREIIIUIIS
Clr , Cn 2
$ 1~~ $ 185
$ 59 $ 77
$ 25 $ 25
$ 71 $ 79
lodll Y InJury
IIch Parlon $ 100,000
Each Accldlnt $ 300,000
Proplrty Dlllllgl
lach Accident S 100,000
Ex III.lcII 8enl'I\1
Elch Plrlon $1,000,000
U~'nlurld lIo\orlltl
, 8cidlly Injury
_Each Parlon $ 50,000
lech AccIdent $ 100,000
Undlrlnlurld lIo\orl&tl
locllly Injury
Each 'Irion $ 50,000
Elch Accldlnt $ 100,000
Flrlt Plrty l,n"llt.
CollI.lon
Dlductlbll - $1000
Deductlbll - $ 500
COIIprlhlnllvl
Deductlbll - $1000
Deductlbll - $ 500
Towing. $50 Elch Oll.blamlnt
~Int.' C.r Coverlge
$ 10
$
13
PAC 681 [D. 1/90
$ 132 $ 1119
$ 35
$ 18
$ ,
$ 23
$ 2 $ 2
$ 5 $ 5
.......... -----..
$ .92 $ 6At6
PAGE I U27-002."
TOTAL P~III'UII PI~ CAR
PRIMIUM DI"ERENCE 'OR REMAINDER OF TERM $
13
Poll cy NUlllber
28 ZA63871t I
TOTAL POLICY PREMIUM $1.1'8
Your policy I. lIlede up of your .ppllc.tlon, your 1Il0.t rec.nt Decl.r.tlon., .nd the forlll.
.nd .ndor.em.nt. II.ted b.low, Forlll. .nd endor..m.nt. b.lng m.d. p.rt of your polfcy
with thl. tr.n..ctlon .r. proyld.d In ..p.r.t. bookl.ts or .r. Ind.x.d .nd r.produc.d
on P'lI" which follow.
FORM
NUMIER
EDITION
DAn
POLICY FORMS AND MANDATORY ENDORSEMENTS
PAC 186
4/86
C.r Policy, P.rt. 1, 2, end 3
Appllc.bl. policy p.rt. .r. tho.. for which.
premium ch.rll' I. .hown In the D.cl.retlon.,
P.nn.yly.nl. Sp.cl.l St.t. Proyl.lon.
C.r Policy, P.rt. It, 5, 6 .nd 7
Appllc.bl. policy p.rt. .r. tho.. for Which'
premium ch.rge I. .hown In the D.cl.r.tlon..
PAC 226 PA
PAC 190/PA
8/92
7/90
.
OPTIONAL ENDORSEMENTS
'I))
PAC 359"/PA
12/89 lxtr.ordln.ry ".dlc.1 I.n.flt. Coy.r.g.
OTHER CHARGES' CREDITS
Th. Deluxe P.ck.g. DI.count eppll.. to your policy.
The Multl-C.r DI.count .ppll.. to your polley,
A S,'ety O.ylc. DI.count .pplle. to C.r(.) 2.
The Comp.nlon for LI'e Df.count .ppll..,
LI.ted below .re llllport.nt "....g.. .bout your polfcy.
flret Perty I.n.flt. Includ...
"edlc.' lap.n.e. $100,000
I ncOlll. LOll $ 1,000 p" 1Il0nth up tCJ " tot., of $ 5,000
Funel'81 bpen... $ 1 ,500
D..th .eneff t $ 25.000
IP nas POLICY '''OVlDES COLLISION COVIRAGE 'OR ANY VEHICLE, THAT COLLISION COVERAGE
ALSO IXTlNDS TO VEHICLES RINTII), UP TO A MAXIMUM 0' 30 DAYS.
Your policy I. 're. 0' .ny .ccldent, conylctlon or Inexperl.nced drlyer .urch.rg..
Full Tort eppll.. to ell car. ll.ted on the Policy,
I ",ORTANTI Your polley premium lIl'y h.y. ch.nged due to r.tlng by m.ke .nd mod.l 0' ~our
c.r. Pi.... check the y.hlcl. de.crlptlon 'hown.
The n.cklng re'erred to In PAC "/PA Unln.ured IIotorl.u .ppll.. to ." c.r.
lined on the poll cy,
Th. .t.cklng r.f.rr.d to In PAC 5/PA Und.rln.ur.d IIotorl.t. .ppll.. to .11 c.r.
lined on the poll cy.
Rente' Cer CO\I...ge. r.ferr.d to uncl.r "Our Obligation. to You (P.rt 3)"
0' your policy, IIPpll.. 'or C.. (.) 1, 2,
Ther. h.. b..n . '\jb. t I tut. for Cer 21
89 MERCURY TOPAZ LTS 1"IP",8S6KK619391t h.. b..n remov.d from the policy.
Th.re he. b..n . chenge In Colll.lon cov.r.g. for C.r(.) 2.
Ther. h.. b..n . change In COIIIpreh.n.ly. cov.r.g. 'or C.r(.) 2,
PAC 681 10. 1/90
PAGE ~
9"0" 1 5911050S
",,'
,., . ,
, I -to
~ " , ... ......
'. . .... . .' - ',.l... DI \' ~ .
.'-'AL'. . ~ATE..INSURANCE C:OM~.~~'"
." HARRISBURG Mca
. ..... .~...._. . '(l~!tI!.ANIC DRIVE.
. .'.. .,.,.~.. HARRIS'BuAt, "Pill' "4711:!
." - (717)' 540-7500
fi':! '..r '. ..'....' ...-
PACE
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.
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..
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C~~:~~NT T~AUM. JOH~
TYPE CF LCS~ ~IAP/F
.......~w
~,;7E:- ~'.:. 07/94
,
IN~;:' DATE 02/1 ;;/94 ~'..,..; ~(~CI~ICjN
ADJUST:::R MIKE FLEHING -3..L..-- . CO/'IPANY
-ft... -<~:-'...~.... 7' -,/ .~, I>~Q .-/r/
..':1.:'" -..., . , 'L. .1 ......
,,'J '..__"".a"lll>>)" ,..,lto\:..,.,..lolJ'IV
AUT~ BODriy"-sc'~~;.Ji'.,:'.', '~I~Tf~r~\)~
531 HAUNTED LANE F'HONE
BENSALEM. PA 19020 REF NO.
, ..'.....
1.;,1
,+., ,.....-.:,.
.~
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II.
c.~
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...iri.....
.... ,*'~;....
SHOP
ADDRESS
CIT':' STATE
.t.
~;ME JO~N T~AU~
'':Ir--.:';~' '705 P::~I'iE-- "1..,,:::
C:7.' ~?~?E HOLLAND ~~
z:o' 18966
HOH~ ?SO~;.~ ~l:._~~~;_~~j~
Wr.?~ ?~CNE 2':-NC;-WC:~
'_!S~ :<~J '43
<::NG/2Cl.Cfi REI)
,.... ,-- ",,'
..,In :. -,-i
V:N
M::LEAG2:
~~E~~J3;~KK6!9394
00~000
i:-:OMPEr!;IV! PART
E..NEill ;:~;:,~
I=R~~~:~/ALIGN/SUBLET
TE=PAR-/PARTIAL REPLACE
qA=APPEARANCE ALLOWANCE
~~CS~R cNTE~ED VALUE
E D=COMPET!;!VE PA~?
El.!=SALVAGE PART
L=REFINISH
ET=LABOR/PARTIAL REPl.ACE
RP=RELATED ?~::~ ~~MAGE
F'=CHECY.
N=ADDNL l.ABOR OPERAT:ON
IT-LABOR/PARTIAL REPAIR
UP=UNRELAT~D PRIOR DAHAGE
~~::~-::, ~KO ,:';~~,:,"S ..';: ST~~~:"':.'~E-~-:0'~-242-14(:
. '~;;~ "::.:';'L:":f\'" i,Ji=AZ !... ~s J :'::.:,~. S'~DAN
,::,' :~:::' 't ::T~S ':-./':';C':UN.;';:~
....... ..... - jIl' ..
..J" , .. "J' J ~
~:JTJ~ATIC rR~'..;
~c~-~J fACK G~~~';
F'aWE~ WINDOW;
~~~: ~E~CTE ::~J"';CL ~:~RJR=
~:~. ::::-'/D :T:ClNli\':;
7:L. 37cERING w"Ec~
~:~~~ ~JaR LOCK:
7:N?::: ~'-6!:S
""'-::' ;i):: ...- :::=:~:~TION MF":;. P,F:- NJ. p-'" ,.,- ~..:% \.I':;~~S .
.. t\:_...~
I 50'" F'ANEL, REAR BOD'~ REFAIR/Pl..:GII J.O-'
L 509 FW!E,-, REAR BOD~ REFUHS.1 1.2 "
EU 510 TANK ,FUEL SAL IJAGE FART 81 ,;!5;t .8 .
Elt 534 TA!LLAMF' ASSEMB'_ Y Rl ::AL VA:;E PART 93.75_ .3 ,
L "(T"' . CLEAR COAT "E:-:~I!S;'; .7"'"
..
N ~O4 UNDERCOATINCi ADDTL LABOR 10.00"
. ii3~ SEj-UF' FOr.: F:EAL.IGNMENT ':EPf\ to, ,,,,,,_,~ ';'1 2.0,'
I M35 lJNIDODY REALIGN/'IENT-":T , ""E~'~~:,.. :! .0.'
,.,
N CL,EAN-LI<Q-T~NI< ADDTL LAI<Or~ .5~
N R l. I GASS IN TANK I\!lDTL LAPOe; ..51'
N R ~ I TRIM c'ANEL ADDTL LAEiOr, 3"
II :;E':- t~l::'" -, ~i...[l~j, --...:- 11LD7i.. i-N"I,.d\ 1:>.0011
.. ~~::' "',:: -, --:TC:.r; ~.:~; - - , I.. > :."'\EF';': r\/'(I:_:': '; 1 ,",
, ., ...' _, I. ~.
,j .l-.Jr :.r:.~ Al.~::.~ ADD:t. Lt~r:c,~ , .7..
" r~i:''' :,..', -, :.'"\ T -l-:JM,"E."'\ -:1 ,:~ . ,)Dil: .. L.~b,~.:, 1 , .
. L'" ~-~'4 ':"
'="!~/.j_ ~:~~CULHT~:'j'~S ~, ;:~~TRIES
GFWSS F'ARTS
OTH=:R PARTS
F'AINT IIATERIAL
F'ARTS TOTAl..
7AX eN PARTS ~ MATEP!AL
'-Al'l'JR
~ -SHEE',' i'1=:TAL
2-HECH/EL:::C
;!-FRAME
.;-",::,=-INISH
:;-r' '-!NT "'!,';::;;.rAL,
..~E':;r\ ~'~.T":..
-~x eN [lIZ-OR
:'JB!_::'~ ::::.F'tl!'=~S
"'ow::.!,"; (, STORAGE
:~.;~ .~.':; -. J"..~I.,
\'.......
.'t:.
RATE
3::.00
35.00
33.00
32.00
44.':<1
200.00 .
26.60
226.60
(I ~ . ooo:~ 13.60
,.
REPLACE HRS REF'AIr, HRS
1.1 8.1 294.40
,'. 45.50
. .",
:: . () ~6~;.00
< .9 60. r~o
5 6 '5~7)
~? ' 6..000:'; 33. "4
35.00
874.8'\
874.8,;
~D' A~DATS% ~~ U PT LO~ 640~,32 DATE 02/::a/~q 19.'0:00 046
F :<;~. "~/(''':)/00/'''0/00 Ct!f'!' 00/00/00/0i) NSU
v:::~r~::'...::.: '_:~'D~::: ':ODE NO. ~! ~ 7.r.
...,.' .
. 'I'
...:: ,':.~.,:;:EPrUR FACIL:TIES' PEE';-'::: I.!SING AN AFT;::Ri~~,,'f<E- ','HEETMETAL F'ART,
B~ su~;:: ~J ~CJ~ FOR THE C~i~ ;~~~. T~IS IS NOT AN ~urHORI~ATION FOR REPAIR.
;U?F~EMEN~~ Mwsr BE APPRCVEO p;~c~ TO REPA!R. :~ ~CUR CAR IS OF UNIT::ED
::C:'~:'-::" .:-.'::::i'I ':>. :'~,..!~: "":~,.':::,' ""..1:: h':::I~I:' .>~:.~' M~\. ~;~~:~':'l:::~:-..;'.. ::(?..I~:....::. - -.:)
::'l;;L~;:::.~,.... " ,:;,EF,..\':,; -~2 r:j~R. ...,~I.: ~"";C:L;L!: .:~~~t.:RM!N::': _. ..'..:: ~;HCF' ,./OU :;F'...::>:Y" "r1
:J~~'_:.'~' --i~ ~s~';:~: ::: :'::J~~~~:' ~G~,[Ft~D.
----...--------------------------..----..------------------------------------------.
,.', . ::",~".;,::,'.I ...,. "j .,":~~J7.I~~...
7.'~_~':' ...," ,.,:::..::,:,I::~Jr~ ,:;;;,
: :'-":~,':\7"::::~ S:"'r~ .P':tJ
:"=-"i~~> "~':::;,R.;' ArJr. :: 'l'~'f'o::>(''"
.-
.~"~.'.)..r ':'':,''?\'El\:-:'.":':', .. ':'::I,):,::'v'.."/,:"I"~: ~ :_.l,~R~l~\!~r
'.'.: :.;.J:Tr~ ,-::-fT::>~T '.,: .::.',., .,,~,: .:::; r'Er~HU:1 t:.,'.. .: '.~_ -=":,:,,
:_,.,::1 CON 7',~ J.N:::NI:; ":"-1_';'~: ::.,!C'::..,::-..I_:.T5: C,:::,' "'i!:: ..:::':l:':'l:~
-- .'~'i::"'::'J PE :;~::-,...::I::'- -,. ~;'~;::;.:~~CNi'1C::". ::I:R L:
~'. -' ;" '.:': ~.~ _ - U'=' "'8 '3.5. < 'j',', ,
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')-/..Ic-I
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AUTO BODY BV SCHAUM-S
~e
531 Haunted ~ane
Bensalem. Pennsylvania 19020
(215) 638-2272
We Have Over Thirty Vear~ In Business
visib~e Damage Quotation "181
on 02-21-94
.:JOHN TRAUM
1705 8ENNET PLACE
Style 4/0R.
Lie. Plate:
Paint Code:
Prod. Date:
Profile STANDARD
Deductible: 0.00
Insurer
Adj us ter :
Appraiser:
Claimant
Insured
Policy'
Claim.
HOLLAND, PA 18966
Phone:
89 HERCURY TOPAZ
VIN:
Hileage: 0
Options:
l..ililpEl ASSY
. hAGNl l/fNJG. lRACKEl
....". ...-,;
3 . AU" R.~Hm .{~.;
~".;_: .""~t:l~ :C~::~~
5'. RI;( Ll:SYS1EIi'.TANK
6 R if ',"', AS'IN TANK .
7 AEPAIR " REAR 10DY PANEL
. All .'TAlHmlL
9 REPA:R UHlBODY STAUCTUAE
10 AEPLACE R CmlKATlON Lm ASSEmy
II ADL OPER UHOERCOATm
12 AOL om FRAKE/RACK SET UP
to AOL ,U,j umlL/CLEA~UP
1 lvdg...nt Itl'
,
.
Price lIbor hint lIbor C'OVl 'rle. CroVI
0.00 D.' 0.0 10DY
0.00 1.01 0.0 100Y 1 EXlSTlK; .
-H 0,00 I.~ 0.0 HECKA.NICAL
~.~~ 2.~' ",,, @~~y 1 EXISm; 1
-H 151.17 I.~ 0.0 HECHANICAL HU
0.00 0.5' 0.0 100Y 1 mSlm .
0.001 4.01 1.0 100Y m5m; .
0.00 0.31. o.d 100Y EWIlKO a
0.00 ..0' 0.0 FAAHE EXlSm; 1
.177.05 0,4 0.0 800Y HEW
0.00 10.01 0.0 800Y
0.00 2.5' 0,0 rRm
15.001 0.0 0.0
Summary
100Y 19.08 ~4.00. 646.001
REflHISH I.ot 34.00 ~4.00r
'IlAHE 6,Sf ~5,OO 227.501
KECNAKICAL 2,68 35.00 91.00T
Tued Labor .' . 991,50
.h 6.000' 59.91
PAINT MATERIALS 14.00T KEI 321.22T
DETAIl/DELIVERY 15,OOT
NAZARDOUS lAST[ . 3.001
lmd Costs ~2,OO hXld Parts 321.22
" 6.000' 1.92 h 6.000' 19.69
LJbor ( 29.1 hrs) 998.50
Add'l Costs/Ha terla Is 32.00
Parts 328.22
Tax 81.52
'Gara'''.",J Tot_ '1. ;1.44(",,) _ 2"'''11
':':'~" .. I, , ~'ldl'lr_ 0' Hitchlll Intlrnational
CotyrllU 1"1, 1994 All AilftU AlstrV.4
f ~I
f''''
~..'
')\ .
1, ('.
,\\. \:
BEC!,(ER~S .,TOWING~~J\
3150 Gelt)sbura Ro.d
.-....-'
'-
:"'t.~F r;;....., '[,., ::-.:.::
Phon. 761.5731
I.'
AM 11I10""1
PM
.........
AOCNtIIl -Jv/';v __flyl;;;!1
IIILlAGE II" VICE TillE
"WSH r1rllSH
START S,^ IT
.' TOTAL TOTAL
_. 1,,"0,.,.
...1"., .
."
.nRA 'ERSON
nNI~H
START
TOTAL
"
"
1/1
I u tilaING./HOIS T T,OW
o WHUL L.n
I 0 'LAT BED/RAMP
:: :~J.;-:i
o LOCK OUT
IPECIAL IOU"MENT
SINGLE LIN~ WINCHING
OUAL LtNf WtNCloilNG
5"rlATCH Sl.OCKS
SCOTCH BI.OCI':S
DOLLY
.1
I
I
I
18
18
o
o
; 0 FloAT T}RE
i. 0 OUT 0' GAS
o WRECK
V"'... WID 0
~
E K
'" d //1/ ;-A ":;-/A'('."I/
,J'(I~"I {IV v __I/v,.W
I" ' : /?,/J?V?
I#/P (/'5/-/ "
MILUGE CHARGI
I
TOWING CIWIGI :j'lj c_
LAlOR CHARGI I
.-.-----.-- _......:\_ --l_._
STORAGI CIWIGI I
--"-t-..
I
"'
I
TOTAL ,," I
O"llIIATOflI 11C,"'''''ultl
AU'",OlllIZlc!iIa,,,,.1UIII'
road serv"i'ce
"'1>>,.("'11'14" ... G<_ ......In !.('lo"'''"<JJC!~".u,..nw.
82/28/1994 18:83
STAPLES ilEl'Ef' "oM
PAGE 81
21!l63p."468
'.
...... ..w
Fav TrAnsmittal Memo
- ;t1,/(o( r/<'",,'" ~
e........ I! It' . :;-:; '7''''
',. @......,..
.."..
lilIa,'DMa r....
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......
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OCalltor_
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'n'
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00,_
t! aiM
---
-;). ,41 ('i ~u.;-"'!:':;:;-
AU ... a I3CJ()V u:~v
1 ElJ
~3 c::: I-.'U'" ',.J,.1 .. ~:;;:
S~! Haunted lane
n"n~~lem. P'nn~ylvanl~ 19020
(.L5 j 63'3-n72
w. H~VG Over ThIrty Ye.rs In Bu.in~.~
V!Slible Oamage Quotation ..181 on 02-21-'.
.JOHN TRAUM
.i..7C~ =;,,,,,;T ~I.ACE Style 4/CR. Insur.r
Lie. PlItI : iIld; us tlr
HCI.I.~NO. PA 18'6~ Paint Cod.: iIlpprlh.r:
Pilon.: PrOd. Oatt: Cldunt
89 /lERCURY TOPAZ Profile STANOARD Insur.d
"IN: Oeduct ibl.: 0.00 Policy'
/ll1UlIl: 0 Clal" .
Option,:
I llM' a. ~tlcri.li.. '~iCl LIMP ,alnl Ldar 'roul ,,11:1 .,..
1 I . l FII IWlPII ISST 0.00 o I 0,0 lOOT
7 11I11I I/S 'lOll I/C .1'. IIICIII 0.00 1.0' 0.0 lOOT . UlIllI'
1 'LIS. 'OUI 'KlIL o. 0,00 I.J 0,0 IIC"AIlm
I 11/11I SlIUlI; COLUII 0,00 2.0' 0.0 100Y a mSllNQ .
I IIlLICI FulL STSII. TlU 01 151.11 1.3 0.0 "leNIIICIL III
, I . I "S I" rm 0.00 O.S' 0,0 lOOT . IXlSTIII .
1 IIPIll IIU 1m mIL o.ooa 4.0' i.O lOOT mSIJN5 ,
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. 11I':1 UIIIOO' ,I.UCIU'I 0.00 4,oa 0.0 """1 ....... ..1. .
10 "'L4CI l CeNlllt'IO. LII' ISSI"ILT 11U5 0,4 0.0 lOOT IU
11 AQ. em UIDIlCOlllli 0.00 10.0' ~.~ .uv,
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Im.11I l.ot J4.oo J4,00l OITAIL/mUUI 15,001
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I AlG ~TI: 01/07/94
11:41
40LY PIRIT HOSPITAL . "T': .19..19
CA LL, PlNNIYLVANIA 17011 HR .: 111167
IMIRGINCY '~H
~. I
"AT liNT IN'~HATION
lAHI: TRAUH .IOHN T II .: 191-'.-9549
lDONn: 170. .NNITT PLACE: IHOL.LANO IPA/II964 PH .: II '-"1-31540
"RTHOATI: 07111/1947 AGE: 46 IIX: , M8~ H RACE: I 1310:
~HPLOVIR: ACHE HARlCITI OCCU"ATlON: HEAT CUTTIR
w:lOAIn: I I I PH .:
:HURCH : CATHOLIC AHB:
IA":
lOClMII:
IHlRGINCY CONTACT INFORHATION
TRAUM ,LINDA AIL TO "T: W WORK PH .: 100-71'-4011
170. IINNITT PLACE IHOL.LANO I"A/II'" PH .: 115-"1-1'40
IA":
iDDRIn:
RlL TO PT:
I I
WQRlC PH .:
PH .:
I
10HIT OR:
ITTNO OR:
II'ER OR:
10HIT OX:
:OHPLA I NT:
,HB BAT IN
CAllE
111110 OUBIN.lON A 0.0.
111110 DUBIN .ION A D.O.
IN'ORMATION
RIG IOURCU 10 "AT liNT TVIDI: I
HO" IIRV: ICU FINANCIAL a.1: T
VIIIT CLINIC COCC: ICU ROUT
ICD-. OX:
lACK ANO NI CIe PA I N
BV:
eRT IN BV: AHBULANCE
'ATI/TI HI:
'1ICRI"TlON:
ACCIDlNT INF~HATIDN
ACC IND: .101 RILATED:
.
LOCATION:
Ai'll:
DONn:
HPLOYER:
DOREn:
GUARANTOR INFORHATION
PT RIL TO GUAR: S
IHOL.LAND IPA/II'"
CONTACT NAHE:
I I I
',o;/- <;-
;89. ~
7~.t!-
7~'()
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.IOHN TRAUH
170. BENNETT PLACE:
ACHE HARleETS
sa .: 1'1-3'-9'49
PH .: 11'-"1-2'40
PH .:
PLAN
INIURANCE INFORHATION
COB POL.ICV .
AIL PC V'Y HA CONTRACT
I 282A631741
I V
GROUP .
NUHIER
INSURANCE CO
eUillCR lIE..
I HII AUTO INSURANCE: 1/0
TRAU" ,.I0HN T
a
3
4
EDICAAI IECONDARv QUIITIONI:
EOICAAI IIGNATURE ON 'ILl:
)""INTI:
INITIAL':
....ClAT I:
.... ClAT I:
'TIENT NA"I: TRAU" ,JOHN T
IGI'TlRED BY: TAZUI
"TI:
'1'3'19 HA': .111.7
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Aa/A'I.. ,~ LII..'....".
.\IEDIC.UE _
--
.
NON.MEDICARE
-
I
t ".rltt)' .'\'UI1onu Or.
"". lijCn Inalm.nL u u n""'&ry.
.
'ER~IlSSION fOR ~EA nf~1IT I:'iSt:RMICE RELEASE
~G "'"0mlYlr nlllh, m:ay dllll"&11 U hl./h.r oIIIUI.anU to rlnlS.r aU procl4uru
I HERU Y .\t.:THOIUZE PA ~E."1' ~lrlCUy to Holy SplnL HOIOu~ oJt It,. no,pu",1 _n'IUMCI ben.nll 01"....._'.. pay'Dle to m. but 1101 to
UCll4 tt'll ba.Ullce aut ot Iftl provIde,.. rc;ulu cnar;e.s (or lnU ponOd o( hosplI.aJitanon. t unOluland t am tin&llcllJly fI'pon'lbll 10
"\I "o'pUIJ (or :n.vl" nN ,;ovlrc.d by It'lU ..u.U\onul.lon.
I HEJ\EB.Y A7~ ~n_~ .:'"FOR.'dAnO:'l <0 ",auntl" comp,"," Cor Ill. ,0mPI:;on 'ho.
SIO:'iAT\;RE. __ WlT:'iaSS.
IU~AnO:'l TO PAnE:\T; ::lATE; a? ?
el.wm,.
O"T6;
S;O:'lAT\;RE;
ST.\TE:'olEST TO PER.\lIT P"YME~T or .MEDICARE DE~UITS
TO PROVIDERS. PHYSICIA:'IS AND PATIE.~T
MEDCCARE NtJMBU;
[ 'Iql,ll" paymlnl o( Aulilon:tt4 Midi",' bt:n."" to ml ar an ."y behalf (or any IIN',., (umullea ml by or in Holy Spln& Halpu&.I.
11141u41nl PhYIU:l1lI IIrv".,. [&l.u"anu. Illy hOldlr o( mldlW and oll'ler intormluon 11:I01.11 mi. to rlllul \0 M'dicare and II. ..,nu
any Intormll.lon nlldl4 \0 aIL,"",nl U,... bcnarlu (ar nll"d """ICII.
Hosprr...L BE.'1EmSIPART .".Fl'. D"TE;
MEDICAL BE:;iFITSIP.~RT DI!Fl' D"TE;
MEOIC.\L ASSISTANCE RECIPIENT
~y IIlnl"u, Clnln., It'l~ [ rlCltvIG a .lrvlQ or i14ms (ram Haly Splnt Ho,l-'ua.I and Or, on the 4&1.. hllld
INlow. I ~nalrlt~4 t.."~ ~~ymlnl (or l'\IJ .,rvICI or 111m IIt\U bl rrom Ft"cra1 .1lId SI~1 (undl. and tJ'\&I. .1lIy (,..u cl&1.ms, .1~lmlnll. or
documlnLI. or conCla.lmlnt oJ" ml41naJ may ~e prollelula unGer "9pl1c..o11 Floera.l .1l1d Stili L.IWI.
[ navl ,..4 ana .alru wun :'''1 1GO~' HUlmlnt,:
O"TE;
REC:P!e;:..T:"GEST SIr.:'I...n;~E:
RELE.\SE AGAI:-lSTMEDICAL ADVICE
nUl 11 to "nl(Y tnu t. , I pluln, ~ Haly SPll1l Ho,plt&l. &In ("'~Inl Ln, I'lo'p,w alunn lJ\.
IdvICI ot Or. and tn. admll'UJln110n. I l'Ia~1 :)un lI\(armld at til. rill In'f'ohld &I'ld I'llnby AIIUI tl\l
daClar Md It'll nOJpll,,", (rom ",,11 ruparulDlluy.
SIO:'lATt:RE. WITNESS;
lU.....nON TO p"nE.'T.
m.tE;
D"TE:
HOLY SPIRIT HOSPITAL. CAMP HILL. PA
CONSE", 'OR TREATMENTIRE!.EIISE INFORMA.TION
MEDICME ASSICNM!",
RELEASE MjAJNST .\fEDIC,\L ADVICE
FHC107
113
~. I ()/ ~)
)
. HOLY SPIRIT Jl)SpITAL .
DD'AR'ftlDft' t:E ~Ior.oc;r AND DIAGII08TIC IIIAGING
CMP tdu.; PIHlIYLVlINIA 17011
(717) 763-2600
PATIDft'1 'ftWII, JCHl T
IIh 311867
IOC IlECI 192~36-9549
otlO DR. I PARW8, 1 .D., DIRK
PI' TYPEI E
ADft DATE 02/07/1994 06148Pft
LOCATION ECU
DICTATION DA1E1 02/08/1994
TRANSatIPrION DA1E 02/08/1994 11107M
ARRIVAL DA1E1
IIll8P IiI1WICEI ECU
ElAllIIlATIONI CHEST (2v), CERVICAL SPINE (7v), THClRACIC SPINE (3v). LUIlIlAR
SPINE (6v)
cotUIENTSl ExaalrlllUon 01 the che.t reveal. a poor lneplratory ellort wlth
'OM r..ultant blbullar hypovenUlatory C:Mnge. !hen 1. no .upedllp)..d
acute ln1Utrste. Glven the devree 01 In.plraUon, heart .1ze b lelt to
be top norlMl. There 1. no c:on;..tlon CId no pleural eflu.lon.
E:xaalnation 01 the c:ervlcal ,plne dellon.trat.. norllal allvawent
without uidlllc:e 01 fracture. !hare 11 .119ht narrowlng of the C5-6 ~c:
.pace. Ilnll111l .purrlng 1. pre.ent at the unc:overtebral jolnt level at
C5-6 CId C6-7. Thll 1. not re.ulting ln any .1ll"1flc:ant neural lor..lnal
lIIc:roacllllent. No anterior .purrlng c:an be outlined. 'nte Cl-C:2
relation.hlp. are nonal a. an the prec:ervlcal .oft tb.ue..
ElIMlnation of the thorac:lc: .plne reveal. no fracture. 11nl111ll
deveneraUve change 1. .een. 'nten ere .0lNI Sc:IWIorl'. nod.. In the lower
thorac:lc: and upper lUlber revlon.
'nte lu.tlE .plne 1. norllally all~ed. Agaln there b no Iracture.
Only aUd deveneratlvt .purrlng 1. ...n. 'ntl. 11 prlnc:lpally ln tha lora
01 .lIIlll anterior o.teophytu at L4 and ln the fora of .lld de9eneraUve
c:hanQe at the facet joint. at L5-Sl. 'nIe 51 joint. ere norMJ,.
CXlNQ.USIOth "lld buller hypovenUlatory change wlth no actlve db.... ln
the ch..t.
cervlcal .plnfl 1. n'98tlve lor fl1lcture. Early dbc .pac. ~lng
11 pr..ent at C5-6. 'ntere 1. .lld devllleratlve c:hange at the unc:overtebral
jolnt level at C4-5 CId C5-6.
No .vldlllc:e for thorac:lc .plne fractur.. Ilnlllal .purrlng I. pnaent.
No evldenc:e for lUlber .plne fracture. "lld dev_ratlv. c:I'IIInge
described.
(Irrt1
DlC'I'AftD IY. I.K. Kunkel, ..D./d;
DAft: 01' aM. OV07ll994
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HOLY SPIRIT HOSPITAL
CAMP HILL, PA
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
PHYSICIAN ORDER FORM
CHART CO,y ~ ,
. .'-. ..
EMERGENCY SERVICE: .. ~. - INS"'RU~1:IQt.lS. TO THE PATIENT . HOLY SPIRIT HOSPITAL
, (717) 713.231. .' ..: ,;. ~.' .... . CAMP HILL. PA 17011
TM ..amlnallOn and I..almonl Y"'" ha.. vac,11~tIli'Eal!rnOY~lI1ma~1 (E. D.) ha.. bHn rondarad on In amaroanoy bul. only, and ara
nOllnlondad 10 be a IUbllllula lor, ~ an aHorlIO provlda 'l!R~alilll'lllblcll car.. II Y"'" devalop n.. ptobl.m. or compUcallon. ..nllct vour
ph\'flclan or Ihl. Emft9lllCV tlapartmonl (E. D.). ~.... .
~OLLOW THE INSTAUCTIONS CIRC,LED OR CHECKED IlELOW.
...
LACIIIIA TIONI. A'''AIIONI 0" 'URN'
t, Wlllt Gilly ..." IOeO & w..... or ,*01llM,
a. ~.,..clM't,d"'INCOWweCl/uncovertcIlUllII
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1'......"".~,arlMUn'ldvlliOlt/JllllllOPl.
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MIDICAL INITRUCTIONI - 0 Sit QUALITY CONTAOI. ~AM
'21, Olf 'lIIllnIKnOOI: '1OIl'l ..
21 No WftIIpcwt fW dly..
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a:a.Cool~tollfect.o....
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~... It blfldlng CHIC"", U'!rOUIII'! no,.,"",1 1II11ltlng 0' 1ft ""0'1. 'llUf" to 10
21. ~n.. "IOl,lIft Ifllft .." 01 moull'! "'"
11"*'_ancI""lMIIIIlnCI~ildlllftl.
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tlSI~NATUAIS' iJM1N ~ YD
'. THIINTIR'RITATION 0' YOUR X.RAY IS ONL~INARY RE~ORT, THE RADIOLOOIST WILL REV1EW THE ~ILI\IS. I~ THERE IS
A CHANGE IN THE DIAGNOSIS WE WILL IN~ORM YOU OR YOUR FAMILY DOC'fClR.
~ HIRIIY ACKNOWLIDGI RECII'T O~ THISIINSTRUCTIONS ANO EOUI"MENT AND UNDIRSTAND THIM. I UNDIRSTAND THAT I HAVI
HAD IMIRGINCY TREATMINT ONLY AND THAT I MAY IE RELIASID BEFORE ALL OF MY MEDICAL ""OILIMI ARI KNOWN R TREATED.
I WILL AIlIlANG 1'01'1 ~ OW U, CA I HAVI lIEN INSTRUCTED
.~:~li.
"'1,1
..:-
:;.!.lW,...,.
,
.
JOHN L. SBARBARO. JR.. M.I).
664.3040
gSB Bui/Jing
Cily Cint $- '&/monl il~tnuts
Suilt 620
'&/~-Cym~qJ. 'Pennsy/~~ni~ /9004
April 21, 1994
Roger Harrington, ~sq.
1260 One Penn Center
1617 JFK Boulevard
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Re, John Traum
Dear Mr. Harrington,
This 46 year-old man states that he was involved in an accident
on 2/7/94 when his car got rear-ended by another car. The im,pact
was nf such magnitude that he broke the steering wheel and the
car was rammed into a snow bank. He was seen in an Emergency
Room because of pain in his low back with right leg radiation.
He also had some bruising about the right forearm and pain in the
neck as well as multiple aches through his body. He was
disoriented for a period of time, X-rays were obtained and he was
detained for a number of hours, primarily, for obeervation. He
then consulted his chiropractor and had some treatment which was
of limited value.
The past medical history reveals that he injured his lower back
about 4 years ago when he was carrying a tray of meat. He WdS
treated with chiropractic adjustments and this appears to clear
up most of the symptoms, however, he did have occasional aching
in his back but no radicular components and the symptoms were
manageable. He continued to work as a meat cutter.
Three weeks before this
motor vehicle accident,
accident, he was involved
he was not injured.
in a
current
however,
The examination today demonstrates that the neck has 90\ mobility
with pain at the extremes of motion. 1'he lumbar spine has 90\
mobility with pain at the extremes of motion. The right sciatic
notch is tender, the right straight leg r.ising sign is positive
at 80' and the neurologic profile is otherwise unremark.ble. He
does have an 5-1 distribution through his right leg and this is
an ominous sign.
This man has an acute cervicdl strain an:! an acute lumbdr strain
,
with raficulopathy incident to the accident of 2/7/94. I believ~
that a herniated disc has to be ruled out and, accordingly, I
have scheduled a lumbar MRI. I have fitted him with a back brace
and I have given him a prescription for Day-Pro. I would like
him to return in 2 weeks.
V<t.ljy s.incer~lY./. . ) .
'/ ~/,l /.J C'L-.,~L' .f.}J1.,(J
I l .
IJohn L. 5barbaro, Jr.. M,,t>.
d
""/'p'"{;
1\ 'ii "~~i
I F ,\.,\,'\~
; r "~~~
JL5/sh
Dictated,
not re,.ld.
C --101'-
JOHN L SBAKBAKO, JR., M.D.
664.3040
gS13 13uilJill!J
City Dllt' 01;'" 13d"'~lIt 7l~ellu(s
Suitt' 620
13ala,CYllwyJ. 'PflllIJyl~allia 19004
June 28, 1994
Roger Harrington, Esq.
1260 One Penn Center
1617 JFK Boulevard
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Re, John Traum
Dear Mr. Harrington.
Subsequent to the report of 4/21/94, this man has been seen on
5/5, 5/19 and 6/16/94. Over this interval of time, there has
been gradual progress, however, he has had aome recurring pain
through his right leg and lower back. The symptoms in his neck
have cleared.
The lumbar spine has 90\ mobility, the right straight leg raising
sign is equivocally positive at 90..
I have recommended that he continu<J on with his brace and Daypro
medication. I would like him to return in 4 weeks.
JLS/sh
sincerely, . ~
/6/;1' .
Sba~bar~~;.w~
Dictated, not read.
;! "
JOHN I.. SBARBARO. JR.. M.I).
664.3040
(}S'B 'BuilJin9
City .cint ~ 'Btlmont 7l1'l'nul's
Suitt 620
'Bala.CynwyJ, Pe"'IS.~/l'ania 19004
October 12, 1994
Roger Harrington, Esq.
1260 One Penn Center
1617 JFK Boulevard
Philadelphia, PA 19103
,
~ ,,1(1)
Re,
John Traum
Dear Mr. Harrington,
Subsequent to the report of 6/2B/94, this patient was seen on
7/14, B/31 and 10/5/94. Over this interval of time, there has
been continued progress. As of his more recent visit. he was
coming along very well. He continues to require medication and a
lumbar sup~ort and he is now actually sleeping better.
The examination demonstrates that his lumbar spine has normal
mobility and the neurologic profile in the lower extremities is
normal.
I have suggested that he lose some weight but continue on with
his medication and spinal supports for at least another two
months. I would like to check him at that time.
'j.f!9Y .,sinc~relY:J-
( " / /, . / /:
_/~A?.. (~ ..; ~_<-< ~-?- L, '-<>/',J/
.- .
( /John L. Sbarbaro, Jr.,,/M.D.
JLS/sh
Dictated, not read.
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Patienl:
Heighl:
I.D.N:
Ref.Dr.:
HislOl:y/CummenlL
M. PREYLlKH MD
PELLOW. AMERICAN BOARD Oil
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
TRAUM, JOHN
67 in.hes
192-36-9549
DR. SMITH
Phone:
Test Dale:
9611.2540
06/19/911
THIS ~O Y.n.M PRI'SENTED Wlnl C/O I'AINS IN THE lOWER BACK ON THE R SID!'.,
RADIATING DOWN IllS R L.EG. BECOMING BURNING IN THE R CAl.F, MORE AT THE NIGHT
TIME.
H/O MVA WITH TRAUMA TO HIS SPINE SEVERAl. YEARS AGO.
ON EXAM: Sl.R AND l.ASEGUE' - NEGATIVE ON THE l.EFT SIDE. AND ARE f /. ON THE R
SIDE.
l.EANING FORWARD PROVOKES PAINS IN THE l.UMBAR SPINE WITH RADIATION DOWN
THE Rl.F.
SENSORY - WNL. REFL - I lOVER THE LOWER EXTREMITIES.
Molor Nerve Sludy
Peroneal Nerve
Rec site: EDB
STIM SITE
Ankle
Fib,Bead
Pop,Fos,
Tibial Nerve
Rec Site: All
STIM SITE
Ankle
POp.F05.
Lat 1151 Alp IIV) C.V, (1/5)
L R L R L R
4.8 4,7 5,7 5.7
11,7 11.5 5.7 5,7 46,8 16,8
14,0 1l,2 5,7 5,7 45,0 57.0
Lat liS)
L R
].5 4.2
12.2 1l.8
Alp (IV) C,V, II/s)
L R L R
11.7 10,)
10.8 9.2 49.0 52,8
SensoQ' Nerve Slully
Sural Nerve
Rec Sib: Ankle
STIM SITE
lid calf
tat lu)
L R
),5 ).1
Alp (uV) C,V, II/s)
L R L R
20,) )).)
page 2
Pallent:
I D.N:
TRAUM. JOHN
192.36.9.549
Test Dale:
06/19/98
f:,Wavc Study
Peroneal Hme
Rec site: [DB
Stil site: Ankle
Latency
15
L
5.3)
16,))
NQnal
Latency
H wave
F wave
R
5,))
47.00
Tibial Hem
Rec site: All
stll site: Ankle
Latency
IS
L
5.))
47,))
Horul
Latency
H wave
F wave
R
5,))
49.67
H Reflu Slucly
Tibial Herve
Rec Site: SoleWl
sth site: POp,F05, _
8 wave
Latency
IS
L R
29.)) 29,00
I!MG Study
Hue Ins Act Fibs PSW Faadcs Polyph HU Alp HU OUr Conflg Pattern Int Pat Recruit
R. paraapinala Nonal norl none none none none norl norl non norl full norl
L. Pausplnals Horlal norl none none none none norl non non norl full norl
R, Gastroc,Hed.8, Inc+ )+ none inc. inc inc poly norl reduc dec
R. Tibialis Ant. Inc none none none Inc. norl inc poly norl reduc dec
R, Bleeps S,8, inc none none none hc non non non norl Ml dec
Patient:
I.D.#:
TRAUM. JOHN
192.36.9549
Test Date:
06/19/98
L. I'cnmcal !'.wave
R. Pcroncal ".wavc
page 2
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TRAUM, JOHN 192.36.9549 06119/98
Use lelt/ught ~rOW$ to select dIltelent maIO( unis
Pie.. CURSORS 10 monpulelelhe cun"n on l~e ..Iecled molOl UI>'
PIe,s NOTES 10 changelhe noles
Press REPOAT 10 pllnt thi. sc"en.
Pre" ERASE 10 erase the selected motOf unit
Pie.. SELECT to eM~
MIKHAIL FREYLlKH, MD
fn-I.OW, AMf:Rl( 'AN HOARD OF PHYSI( 'AI. MF/J/( 'INfo: & REHAHllJli1110N
MlN REHAB INC,
FEASTERVlllE. PA
(215) 942-2292
October 26, 1998
Roger Harrin~ton, Esquire
100 Nonh 17 Street
ISlh floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Re Traum, John
Dear Mr. Harrington
Included, please, tind the original bill, faxed by me to the Prudential Ins Company, lellers
from that company and UFCW local 56 H&W Fund, denying reimbursement and copy of the
EMG/NCS repon for your client and my patient Mr John Traum
Mr Traum was referred to me for a consultation and diagnostic testing by Dr R Smith
and I saw the patient on June 19, 1998
John presented, complaining of pain in the right lower back, radiating down his right
lower extremity, becoming burning in the right calf, more at nighttime
Mr. Traum admits to having the above pains since 02.07 94, when he was injured at the
moment of the motor vehicle accident
The patient was diagnosed with the "whip-lash" neck injury and lower back sprain and
strain, was treated for that with not much of a success and continued to suiTer.
On clinical examination John showed doubtful SlR and lasegue' tests on the right side,
but the lower back pains, radiating down the right leg to the calf were provoked by leaning
forward Tests to rule out malingering were negative
Results of the subsequent NCSfEMG were as follows "Presence of spontaneous
potentials in the right gastrocnemius muscle, clinical findings and patient's complaints suggest S 1
level radiculopathy on the right side and would warrant funher investigation, incl radiological
(MRI, ete)". Spontaneous potentials (positive sharp waves) you can see printed on the last pall'
of the repon.
PALMACCIO~SMITH ASSOCIATES
(it'tI.mll OrtbfJPdt'dl(S, VJt.Jrt.'i ,\(,..'cil,:",c.',
NL'c;omU'lftll't' 'h",eJ tit", r")fll "''''1<('''1
ANTHONY J I'AI.MACCIO. .111, MD.
IlANI>Al.I. N SMITH. Mil
June 29, 1998
Selly J. Caldwell, Esquire
Harrington and Caldwell, P.C.
Robert Morris Building, 15th Floor
100 North 17th Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
RE: JOHN TRAUM 1158011
Dear Ms. Celdwell:
This is a note on John who I eKamined an June 29, 1998. ~s
you know, his problem dates back to February 7, 1994, when he was
involved in an automohile accident. He wall a driver who was rear
ended, injuring his lower back. Ever aince then, he has been
waiting for this pain to resolve, but it has only persisted and
even increased with the pain in the lower back and going down the
right leg. Standing and walking particular.ly bring this on. It
is constant and it is there all the time, but it is worse with
certain activities. Medications have not been well tolerated.
He tries to do some walking exercises and has continued with his
busy schedule,-but he is quite inconvenienced by this pain in the
back and going down the right leg, Review of systems is
otherwise unremarkable.
Physical Examination: This reveals tightness on straight
leg raising on the right with positive Lasegue and negative
Wadell's testing. There is no evidence of any neurologic
asymmetry or hip pathology. The tendernesll is in the right
sacroiliac and sciatic notch with paraspinal tightness.
Studies were reviewed, including a recent EMG, showing an 5-
1 radiculopathy. ~n old MRI was positive, but it has been a
while since any other testing was done. I reviewed the previous
records involving treatment and studies.
It is my impression that John has sustained a low back
syndrome and sciatica from a probable herniated disc.
Options were discussed with John, These include the present
progra~ of medications, moist heat, exercises, modification of
activity, and living with it vs. more aggressive treatment such
as an updated MRI or CT discogram, followed by Cortisone
injections which could be epidural, facet, or intradiscal,
depe"ding on the results of the studies. Finally, the
possilbility of a surgical decompression can be considered. I am
I~(~~l L1u,'II~lon Aw ' Sllll~ ~(X, . I'halolddphlol, I'A l<Jll(, . 121;) 677.2076. folx Ill;) (,77.17;6
1 !lJla I'lala 11..2\ . Baja Cynwyd. I'A I'X~H . fr.llI) (,fJ.i-WXl . fax ((,1Il1 (/,1-<;116
JOIIM TRAUM, PAGJI: TWO
JUIfI 29, 1998
peeeimi~tic that this will ever resolve. 1 am convinced that he
ie either going to have to learn to live with it or update the
studies and get more aggressive treatment. He seema to
undsrstand the problem. He will let us know if he wants us to go
ahead further. Once again, he is left with a permanent residual
directly from the February 7, 1994 accident, If I can be of any
further assietance, please teel tree to contact me. Thank you.
I remain
Slncerely yours,
~k///~::.~
Rsndell N. Smith, M.D. .
RNS: 111I1
Dictated but not read
"
ctmmctlIL~'1 VITAE
I
. Sti~b.1rCl. John L., Jr.
eem: ~/22/27
Educ:aticn:
St. Joseph's C?llege, Sept., 1947 - June, 1949
University of Pennsylvania, Sept., 1949 - June, 1951 -- a.A.
Hahnemann Medicsl College, Sept., 1951 - June, 1955 -- M.D.
Internsrup - fl..ar.r:emann :-!edic:al College & HOSPltal, , 955 - 1956
Resic~c! Ge..o:e.r31 Surge=-l - Ha..hr.err3rJ"'. :.~edica!. C.:Jllege !a :!cspltJ.l, 19:0: - . ',::..
Resicer.c! Or::.'1cpaedic Surger'/ - Hcsp:::al for Sp:-::i.:ll Sc:r;er'!,
Cor.lell ~ledic:i.l Center, , 957 - 196")
!loar.d Ce..'"ufied, Amer1can Ac..'\demy of Ortr.opaedic Surge::,!, 1962
Board Ce::ifi.ed, Amerlc:Ln Academy of O~..hcpaed:..c & Neur:loglc .sl.;r~e:-"..', ~ :"'~r"A~ . 1'=,.
AcOOlr.~e..'1t:S :
InstrL:C':cr in Or-..::cpaedic Surgery
Scl-..ool c: :-te::iic:.ne, Uru.ve::s~"::: c: :,<:",,:~~.,'.,,:u"."I,
, 960 - 1 963
Associate in Ort.":cpaedic Surge::'/ -- School of MediC1ne. l:n1':ers:.t./ at p.,"..~, '.
1963 - 1965
Assistant I?rofessor in Orthopaedic SurgeJ:y -- School of :led1c::1e,
Universlt., of ?'lr.ns':l':~r,l,'
1965 - Juiy, 1973 .
I?rofesscr of Orthcpaedic Surgery -- School of Medicir.e,
Medical College of ?:i.. 1973 - 1983
Attero.ding Ort.'1opaedic Surgeon -- HoSp1tal of t.'1e Un1vers1t'! of l?eMs,'I.','~~:'J,
1960 - 1973
Ccnsultant to Ort.'1cpa.~ic Sel;"/lce -- Veterans ;..dnun1st:-~t:on Hos';ll::al,
I?hiladelphia, I?A 1960 to presen::
Ccnsult3.r.: C=:..;:pled C".i2.d.ren Ccmniss:..c~, St.at.~ of ~:e'tI :arsey,
'......-......a....
....... --...-- ,
Me:iic:al Boar:! - Clildren' s Seashore P.cuse, A t"am:ic Ci ':" CIa'" J erse:' ,
1964 to present
Board of Governor~, 'The Arthritis E'our.dation
CaTmittee on Arthritis, American Academy of OJ:""...hopaedic Surgeons, Jan., . :,~:.
Rheumatism Sociecy of Philddel~hia, I?resident, 1971 - ;972
- 2 -
. I
Apcointments: (cant'd)
Naticnal Advisory Board for Bic:mftchanical Research, Clemson Uni'/I!rslt" ~ n2 - ..
Americ.J.l'l Rheurratisn Associatlon, Vice-Jilreslcent, 1972-74.
Ccnsul:ant - Lecturer for Qrthopaedic Surgary, United States Na'/al Hosp I. r.,,: ,
1973 - 1983
~~ltis Fc~~tlon, Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter, Presldent,
July, 1974 - June, 1976
t:;DVR.'!P Ar':.":=i tis Ccr.::=cl Pro<;ranl Ccur.cil, 1974 - 1980
C::rmu.ttee on EduC3tlon, Amenca.'1 Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, : 971 _ : 00.
>'resldent Ele<;:t, Philadelphia OrthopaediC Society, 1979
!loard of Governors, Eastern Orthopaedic A.!ssoci;!.tion, 1978 - 1981
~eslcent, Phil;!.delphla O~~opaedic Society, 1980 - 1981
Treasurer, CST Soclet"/, 1975 - 1980
Jilresicent, OST Societ"/, 1980 - 1981
Soard of Governors, Eastern O~~opaedic A.!ssociation, 1977 - 1980
Olau:nan, OrthopaediC Department, U.S. Naval Hospital, July 1980 - 1983
>'resident, OST Soclety, 1982 - 1983
~ of Governors, Philadelphia Orthopaedic Society, 1981 - 1984
CRG.\NI:A'I'ICNS:
Philadelphia Ccunty ~edical SOClety
Pennsylvanla State Medlcal Soclety
Amerlcan Medical Asscclatlon
Di9lc:mate of National Boards
Arnerlcan Geriatrics Society
~e ~~::::s ara Rr.e~clsm Fcur~ticn
Amerlc.J.l'l Rheurratlsm Associatlon
The Philadelphia O~~opaedic Society
The Pennsylvania Or-:..~opaedic Society
Amerlcan Board of Or'"_~cpaedic Surgerl Trauma Organization - Amerean Col ;.~"" -'
AmeriC3ll Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Fellow, Amerlqn College of Surgeons
Philadelphia RHeumatism Society
Eastern Orthcpaedic Soclety
The rnteznational Soclety of Orthopaedic Surgerl and Traumatology
- 3 -
.CRGANIZATICtlS (ccnt'd)
"an-~erican Medical Associaticn
CST Society
Assoc~ticn of Orthopaedic d-.airmen
.wuican Academy of Orthcpaedic & Neuroloqic SlU"qery
American Academy of ThflJ:'lllOlogy
AWARDS:
Distinguished Service Award - Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter
~~ltlS foundation, June, 1966
Distlngulshed Serllce Awarti - Natlor.al Art.hrltls foundatlor" ':.:t~t..r
Distinguished Ser/lCQ Award . Eas"ern Pennsylvanla C~pter Ar"hrltl;
June 1970
:-:..:;.~,:..
Distinguished Ser/lce Award - Eas"e.~ pennsylvanla d-.apter ~=~.Iitls
June 1979
-:-"I'~":.,... ......
~ .-..,.,..
PAPERS :
1. Sbarbaro, Jchn L.. Jr.. Seitc!uk, Mur.:ay W" and Martln, \'ll~~l3l1\ ::.:
Improved and slIllplified tidal drainage. AMA Archlves of Surge:",', 73: ~:;o - -.-,'
2. Sbarbaro, John L.. Jr., Francis, Kenneth C.: EoslnophHic GranulCl1\'l cf ?,..ro.
Bulletin of Hospltal for Special Surgery, Vol. 2, No.2, 28-33, 19;'.
3. Sbarbaro, John L.. Jr., Straub, Lee Ramsey. Olondrosarccrna of tr,~ ?:,~lar;~.
Am. J. Surg., Vol. 100, No.5, 751-752, 1960.
4. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr., Francis, Kenneth C.: Eosinophilic Granul~a ~f. ?-r~.
J. of .'.'lA, Vol. 178, 706-710, 1961.
5. Straub, Lee Ralnsey, Calnpbell, Rolla, Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: Sur-:;el:'c'''F. ".~"
Arthri tic Hand.
6. Sl::ari:a.ro, John L., Jt'.: Surgery of t.~e Ar"_"'.::.':ic Har.ci. Pr'X'3i!t:hrr:e ,..... ~'...=
Pennsylvania Cepartment of Heal.t.'l, June, 196~.
7. Sbarbaro, John ~., Jr.: Cefo:rntityof the Rheumatoid Hand. f..mer:.=7<...., ,"'-".:;',~ ~
of Sl.l.t?ery, 110:3. ~30-434, 1965.
8. Ralston, Edgar L.. Schmidt, ErNin R., J.., Sbarl:aro, Jchn f_" Jr,: :.e.ry'.....
Necrosis of t.'le Femoral Head Followlng Systemlc Use of ~cr;!nal ':"r~:~~ ;.......
AMA, June, 1966.
- 4 -
,PaDers (cant'd)
9. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr., et. al.: Early Synovectony in the Ju':enllp. Rhl'!'J......r.l"wj
t\rthritie. Journal of Arthr~tis and Rheumat:.sm. ':01. 10, No. J.
10. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.,:
Vol. 4, No.4.
Surger/ of Artl.r:.t:.s.
..
Arthrltis Journal,
11. Sbarbaro, Jehn., Jr.: Surger/ of the Rheumatold Hand. Arthnt~s .To"rr",l,
vol. 4, No.4.
12. Sbarbaro, Jchn ~. Jr.,: Reccr.:s~.:ct:.ve Surgery 0: the A:t.....:.:.,':::- :.':~~Q.
Read A.O..\., Jur.e, 1967.
13. Sbarbaro, John L., J.,: ~~e.nce ',o/ith Reccnstr":CO::"le Sur-;e:-;, ,::e ':~~ ,"~.".'...::. 10.. :"
Knee. Read HOSP1Ul fer SP'!C~al Surge!;'"/ Alumn:., ~lov., 1967.
, 4. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: Csteoar"....~:.t:s of t..'":.e Spine. Read P~r.."'l::'.'1.'Ii\n:'3 S.....~..l".
Medical Soc:.ety, Ccteber 1966.
15. Sbarbaro, Jchn L., Jr.: SLJrge:j of ~'-'.r:.':.:..s. ?ead ~rat:.cr.al ~!L;.:'S'"1S ':.~nv'?ro"::",".
Cctober, 1967.
16. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: Early Synovectcmy of the Arthr:.t:.c Patlent,
Read I.R.S.A., Amsterdam, April 1967.
17. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: Osteoarthritis of the Kneil. Read P.A.11.A.
Annual ~seting, Euenos Aires, Argent:.na, Nov., 1967.
16. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.:
The Arthritis Journal.
Surger/ of the Arthritic El.OOw and Shoulder.
'101.5, No.1, Feb., 1968.
19. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.:
The Arthritis Journal.
Foref~t Reccns~~c~:.cn of ~~e Rhe'~tcld Foet.
Vol. '1, No.3, p. 508, June, 1968.
20. Sbarbara, John L., Jr., 'Ianace, ?eter: Early 3ynovec':ctny in JU'.'enlle P,r.e,.~.,.""t":";
Art."1rltiS. Journal of the Medical Scclety of ~lew Jersey, '/01. ~:, ::", ~,
September, 1968.
21. Sbarbaro. John L., Jr.: Surge...'l' of t.',e RheUll'atoid Knee. Read Per.ns'.'i'.'~"i"
Or".hopae:iic Society, I?ittsbu..'"gn, I?er.nsylvanla, Cc'.:c:i::er 29, 19~8.
22. Kit=:.dou, Rodanthi, Schumac~er, H. Ral~h, Sbar=aro, Jchn L., Jr. ~~~
Hollander, Joseph: Recurrent Hemart.hrosls After I?rost.heuc Yn,",", ,. ~",r,r~r 1., ,-.
Identification of :-!etal I?art.:.cles ln the Syno'llal Flud. ".r':."rlt.:~ .,,~d
RheUll'atism, Vol. 12, No.5, p. 520, Octooer 1969.
23. 'I\J.mer,IRObert, Brown. Ernest ~., Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: Reconst:-Jct.:.,'",
Surgery of Rheumato:.d i<'.nee, Rev:.ew of Fif':.y-tl':e cases. Acee<;J:......l :-:.
Publication ArthntJ.s and Rheumatlsm.
"
"
"
- 5 -
24. Hughes, Edward C., Jr., Schumacher, H. Ralph, Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: 8ll~tnr^1
Avascular Necrosls of the Hip Following Leriche Syr.drcrne. The Jcurnill "f
Bone ani Joint Surger/. Vol 53-A, No.2, pp. 280-382, ;''arch 1971.
25. Sbarbaro, ';chn L., Jr.: f1.ar.d Injuries, ~ergency t-!ediClne, August, :?",
Vol 3, No.8, l'g. 63.
j
26. Sbarbllro, Jchn L., Jr.: Reccnstr..:cti'/e StJr;et"'/ of t.'le Arthritic Kne~,
Medical Trial Technique QJarterly, Cec., 1971, '/01. :\'III!, No. 2. ~, ::4-1,;.
..
27. Sbar!:lar.l, JchnL. Jr.: "Syncvectcrny in?.r,eumatold Art..".rltls", C....,3pt~~ ~',
Art.'l:l':lS ar.d ;J.lied Ccr.citlcns.
28. Sbarbaro, Jcr.n L., Jr.: "Trccr.anteric Reconstr..:ctlcn land Trcchant~!'~c
Arthroplasty", Surger/ of t.'le Hip Joint, 1973.
29. Sbarbaro, Jcr."l L., Jr.: "Surglcal Approaches to Hip".
JoL"lt, 1973.
Surger/ cf the Hl;,
30. Sbar'"..aro, Jchn L., Jr.: Hemi-Tibial Plateau Prostl".esls Ten Years E::<p!!~l'i!no:'''''';
in 500 Knee Art......rcplasties, Ac1:a Ort..'lcp. belg., 1973, 39,91-101,
31. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: Femoral Condylar t-'.old Art..'l:cplasty in 150
Rheumatoid Knees, Ac1:a Orthop. belg., 1973, 39, 138-147.
32. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr;: "The Rheumatoid Shoulder", orthopaedic Clinlcs of
North ~Jnerica, Apnl 1975.
33. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: "The Feet and Ankles in the Diagnosis of Rhe~t:c
Disease, Rheumatic Disease, Olapter 'N, 1977.
34. Sbarbaro, John L., Jr.: "Arthritis": "Surger/ of t.'1e Rhe\JIM.toid <'Y.lt".
MUsculoskeletal System, Section 9, W. 9:191, 1963, Evarts.
Pacers Read M'i!etinos
1. "Quadriceps Plasti of the "nee"
i'.mer:can "-.dademy of Orthcpaedic Surgeons, Jan., 1959.
2. "Metacarpal Phalangeal Arthroplasty of the Hand"
i'.mer:can Academy of Ortl'.opaedic Surgeons, Jan., 1960.
3. "Eos:..r:cpnelic Granulana of Sone"
i'.merlcan Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Jan.. 1961.
4. "Reccnseruct:ve SurgerJ of the Arthntic: Patient"
i'.mencanl Rheumatlsm ,1,ssociation, June, 1965.
5. "Early Synovectany in Rheumatoid Art..'1ritis"
Inter:-.aticnal Sym;x::sium, ISRA, "prll, 1 968, i'.msterdarn.
.
- 6 -
'~rs Read I>!"tinas (ccnt'd)
6. "Recorllltruction of the Arthritic Knoae"
American Orthopaedic Association, June 1968.
7. "Reccr.st..'"\:ctive Sl.lrger! of the Arthritic 1'1lee"
Pan-AmeriC3ll National Assoclation, NovEmber 1968, Buenos-';ires.
8. ">'ress-Fit Tor.al Hip Arthroplasty"
Pall-AmerlC3ll ~eCic:ll Association, Octc:~, 1971.
9. "Theoretical Basis for Early Synovectcmy", Surgery in RheUlT'atold
Art.'".:ltis, AmerlC31l Acaderoy of Orthopaecllc Surgecns, June 1970,
SrJ.ll f:'3f\ClSCO.
10. "Ar'"..hrcplasty of the Rheumatoid Hip and Its Ifollow-up",
The Hip, September 1970, Philadelphia.
11. "Reccnst..""\lC'::.cn of the Arthritic Knee", Reconst..."1Jcti'le Surgery of the
Art:\ritic Patient, American Academy of OrthCpaedlC Surgecns,
P..Oo;laln Chalr.nan, May 1971, Philadelphia.
12. "Mold and Prcst.hetic Arthroplasty of the Rheumatoid Knee"
Eastern Ortl1cpaedic Society, Oc:'=ober, 1970, i\bseccn, ~lew Jersey.
13. "Reconstruction of the Til:lial Plateau by Metal Implant"
Brussels O~~opaedic Society, April 1972, Brussels.
14. "The Syncvium in Health and Disease", Amencan Academy of Orthopaedic SurgeoM,
August, 1972, Fort Wayne, Indiana.
15. "Synovectany in Rheumatoid i\rthritis", American Academy of Orthopaer:hc Sur?'Y.lns,
Octcber 1972, Atlanta, Georgla.
1 6. "Knee Reconstr .:cticn", Eastern OrthopaediC Soclel:Y.
Octcber, 1972.
17. "l?ress-Fit Total Hip Arthroplasty", Amencan Academy of Orthopaedic Surg'Y.ln5,
November 1 972, Boston, I'.ass.
18. "l?ress-Fit Implant Arthroplasty of Hip ar.d Knee", Clemson IJni'l8rSlt\',
Naticnal AdvlSCr! Board, ';prll, 1973.
19. "Total Hip procedure"
~etal to Metal: Mechanical Reccnstructl'/e Surgery in Rhe'Jmatoic ,\rthrl~l~,
Tusccn, Arizcna, ';prll, 1973.
20. "Surgery in Arthntis", GDVRMP, Arthritis Seminar for Allied Healt),
l?rOfeSStCnals, ~.arch, 1974.
21. "Surgery of t.~e Rheumatoid Hand", OST Society, June 1978.
IIandal1 N, IIIIH.. ~.O.
Pe'le 2
S~ollO'la ana Brs~lnq
~Li~ ~ P~ESENTATIONS
N.A.R.e, Orthotlcl Journal
Oaranqullentl ~f tha Knee
WOVT Radl0 Guelt
N,A,R.e. OrthOtlCB Journal
19117 - ArchrltU
198B . 8.~K Peln
Chllf RIIldlnt Prasant.tlon
C.rpal tunnll' Anslrll. of
Inpatlant OVer 5 Valrl
Knaa Inltsbllltles
Chl.f RIIldent prelent.tlon
Varloue ToPlcl Lecturer
N. ~. Chiropractic School
'ranKford HOlpltal ~ Lo~al Servl~1 ClUb.
GUilt Spe.ker
ADDITIONAL r.OlJRSES
NI~K Injuries In Sport I
IIana TrClIllllll
Orthotl~1 of the upper ana
Lower latre.ltlll
'nIa Spina
Thl Hip
Clevaland Cllnlc
Jeffereon Unlverlltr
New York University
Unlvurllty Of Mla..l
H.hn....nn Mealc.l
Aalrl~an Ac.asay cf Orthopadlc SurQlon.
Orthopedl~ Specialty Revllw Couree
Amarlcan Academy cf orthopadl~ Surqeonl
Nerva 6ympoelW1l
Nutrition Symposllm
Hip Recon.tructlor
AclVancad Arthrolccpr Couree
Total Kna. 8)'111l'OIluDl
I,O.A,
Unlv.rslty of Panna.
Unlvarlltr of Pann.,
Unlver81tr of Penna.
Unlvarslty DC P.nna.
Temple University
IIlcant Advan~1I 111 Iladloloqy
Plycholout IC AIP.lct I of
Ac~ldant , vlol..nca
Cornall Unlvarllty
T.m~le Unlverelty
OctOber 1974
April 1915
May 1976
March 1977
Mar 19711
Fabruary un
AU9\llt 1979
'.bruary 1981
AprU 19111
AprU 1982
May 1912
July 1982
AU9\llt 1982
Oct olllr 1912
'ab~ry 191)
Novalllllr UI3
IlanoaU tl. Smlth, 11,0,
P..... 3
aDDITIONAL COURses (Contlnuodl
update In lleurophy'ltOI09Y
Arthroscopy update
eMI Updat II
Implant ArthrOlcoPf
orthopedlc Trau.a Ind Infectlon'
ln Ch11dr.n
,
practur. ear. wlth
lat.rn.l Plx,tlon
Aa.rlcan Academy of Orthopedic
Sur....ona HI.tln;
Hod.rn CIII.ctIOn TocnnlquBa of
Ion., Blom.tall. Blocer~lcS
end Blopl..tlcS
Crucial 0,c1810nl ln Total
Hlp lIepleclDl.nt
Totel Hlp Arthropl..ty
Total Hlp Conc.pts
Th. ShOUlder
ARkl. Spr.lne and Heel Peln
Th. Should.r
MR1 Ankl. and Pool
Kill CerVical Splnll
II10fe.d&)eck and BIIG
IndolcoplC Carpal T\lnn.l R.I....
and CUZIIIlaUv. ~~r8uma
Current Tr.na. ln Hlp and Kn.e
ArthroplliltY
Work lI.alth occupllt 10nal S.mlnar
Shrln.rl-SlCl 1nJuI'leS, CTS II
Coll.s Fractur.
l!I.t.rnel SUDlulet,on and Flxat Ion
,
Ion. " Jhnt 01.."s. rnd.. R.Vl.W
80n. " Joint OUellet Ino.. Revl.w
thomal J.fferlon Unlveralty
UniverSity of P.nna.
Templ. Unlv.rllty
H.rsh.y M.dlcal C.nter
~rlc.n Acad.my of
Orthop.dlC Sur....ona
S.U.N,Y.
G.orga Walhlnqton
Unlv.ralty Medical
cllnt.r
Unlveralty ot P.nna.
Hont.flore M.olcal C.nter
Hersh.y Medical Cent.r
Shrlnerl HOIPltal
Shrln.ra HOlpltal
Unlverllty of P.nna.
J.tferson HOlpltel
J.ff.rlon Hospital
Pr.lbyt.rIBn HOSPital
University of P.nn..
H.yo Clinic
prankford Hoapltal
Temple Unlverllty
III M.dlcll systems
July 1984
October 1994
January 19a~
April 1986
MeY 1986
Aprll 1917
hbruary 1988
M.rcn 30- 31.
Apr 11 1, 1989
Apr 11 1989
Oct ob.r 199.
April 19111
Hey 1991
May 1992
June 1992
January 1993
Pebruary 19113
February 1993
Marcil 19113
April 1913
October 19113
May 1994
June 1994
J.nua ry 19115
'ebru.ry 1995
i.1
Randall N, Smith. ~,O.
pao;e "
ACDI.rON~L CQ~SSS tContlnuedl
Phy.lclln , Sports M.dlcln.
Shrln.r. Confer.nce . ~dult
lack Pain
Ph7alGl.n , lport., MediCine
pnyalclan , Sport. M.dlclne
lone' Joint DI..... Inde. ~avl'W
Manaq.m.nt Of Low.r .ack Pain unlv.rllty Of P.nna.
T'1I\5l11l HOIpltal
OVT Tr.atment MaeBachusettl General
Upper Extremltl'l - ~oot ,Ankl. Phl1a. Crthopedlc Meetlnq
M.dlcal Leval Coul'n I'a. M.dlcal SOCiety
NBIIID Induced 131 /. R.nal ToXIC I ty Medical Bducatlon R..ourcee
Itlr'lnerl-Total JO:.nt R.plac.m.nt TalllPlI HOlpltal
Ant ltllot lC Treatlll"nt Unlvere Ity of Netlralka
l\IIIerlcan \:ol1eqe :iports Medlcln.
lIaerlCan Col18ge IlporU Medicine
Shrln.rl- Upper lIl:ttnlDlty
'racture. .. Nero,e InJuria.
Minimal Intlrvent ~on In Spinal
Surqlry
Pain Manaqement
Orthoped:c tll1Plan': I
Tibial , remor.l 'racturel
.ncl Multiple %'r.IWIllI PatlentB
COlI\PlIte poot CaN
Ivlnq ~nalYlll
Tell\Ple HOlpltal
All.qheny Unlv.r.lty
Q,P.P.S.
John. Hopkins
Shrlnerl HOlpltal
Orthopedic 'oat , Ankle
SOCllty
Healthlouth
~prll 1995
Apnl 1995
May 1915
JUne 199'
,1uly 19"
Septlllltler 1995
Novembar 1995
Novelll:ler 1995
March 1996
~prll 1996
May 1996
June 1996
'ebruary 1997
March 1997
May 1997
Novellll:llf 1997
~prll 1998
May U9I
May 1998
June 1998
July 19'1
~al"cIal1' N, Smlttl, 1'4,0,
?aCJe 5
II!lJJ'ITAL Ilrru,t"'TION6
rran~ford HOlpltal . Tor~eldale Dlvlslon . Red Lion' KnlQtltl ~d.. Phlla, Pa 19114
I'rallkford DIvISion . I'rankforc:1 Ilvenue , WekeUnQ Street
Philadelphia, PA 19124
AlleQhony Unlverllty H08)ltala - Ea8t railS DlV. - 33" Henry Avenue
rhlledelphla, P~ 19128
_ 4151 city Line Avanu.
Philad.lphla, p~ 19131
TtI. Spin. Center - 1'11 IIrc:h Il1:r..t - Phlladelphla. p~ 19113
cay Avenu.
6THLE:TICS
C.rtlfled Football, Beek.tball , Goc:cer Rofere.
Captain. Te~le Medical RUQbY ream
Community Coach, Aefere., OffiCial and PhYIlclen - soccer, uaakltbal1 and Baleball
~ctIVI Ballyl Health Spa me~er alnCI 1987
CIlRTlrICATtONS
National Board'
National BoardB
surqery Board cortlfl~.tlon
1911
1913
1919
19"
1984
1911
1911 - 1996
1997
Pert I
Part II
M1trlc:an loard of Orthol'edlc
reUow A.~,O.B,
OrthoP.cUc Selt ~.......'nt CerUucatlon
OrthopediC hlt ".......nt Cert 1f Icatlon
ApproVed OrthopediC Tra\.. BurGeon
Orthop.dlC: Self A.ee"..nt Certlflcatlun
( Bplne)
COMMl~'mIS / OIRBCTOASHIPS I MY SCILLANIlOUS
Orthopedic committee
Bylawe committee
Quallty Aelurance Committee
Dlr.ctOr
PhYllclan 1I1111tant M.ntor
Volunte.r Work
Be.ver CoUtQe p, A. Prol,r...
Medical Student EKtern Profellor
rrankford HOlpltal tMonthly M , "I
rrankford nOlpltal
J.fferaon park Ho.pltal
Som.rton Indu~trlal Center
Frankford'e Orthopedic CLiniC
Cal. Re.erve, PCOH. MCP
!lONORS
Strathmore'. Who'. Who
Who', Who ..n the World
Who', Who ln Medlcln. alld H.althcare
NIIRD Pharmac18t FUllly (If the '{ear
Chief Rel1de~ Orthoped:,ce
Prnldent I'll 11 01 Hedlca:, P'raternlt y
Dorm Che.. Champion
Dorm Athletic Chalrman
Re.ldent counl.lor
Phy.lelans Ilec:oqnlt lon IIwerd
1998
lSlSle
1997
1981
1976
1912
19..
1966
a61
18
73
69
- 67
- 69
Nndall II, SllIlth. II,C.
Paq. 6
g,'ICE AccnESSmS
P.l,,~C10-S.lth AI.oclate.
So..rCOn Mldlea1 B~lldln;
12... IUlcleCon Avenue
Pftllldelphl.. pennlylvenl. 19116
Phone. 216-177-2'71
Palmllcclo.SmlCh Associate.
a Balli P18Za
SU1U U.-21
Sal11 Cynwyd. Penneylvllnla 19".
Pftonel ~\'.61.-21"
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3408799 DATE 'd3/:i/94
I~RO$S PARTS 226.03
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INFORMATIJN ;HAL~~ UPON CONVIcr!':N~ eE S~'SJE':T TJ !~PR!30NME~T ~I:R ~? T::
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Visible Damage Quotation tf.182 on 02-21-94
.:JOHN TRAUM.,
1705 BENNET PLACE
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Insurer
Adjuster
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Insured
Policy.
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Prod. Date:
Profile
Deductible:
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4/DR.
HDLLA~D, PA 18966
Phone:
89 HERCURY TOPAZ
VIH:
Hlleage: 0
Options:
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SOOY 2.9' 3l,OO 98.601
REFIHISH 3.6' 3l.00 122.l01
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PAIHI HA TERIAlS
DETAil/DELIVERY
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SpeL PA lHT mE
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, ' Ix 6.000'
50..01
15.001
3.001
14.001
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796.231
liX.d labor 221.00
T. 6.000' 13.26
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1'~.23
47,77
Labor ( 6.5 hr~)
Add'l Costs/Hate,dal$ '"
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82.40
796.23
65.97
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DR. ANTHONY G. VINCENT
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ATI'ORNEYS AT LAW
3<Jl MARKET STREET' 9'" FLOOR
PO. BOX 86~
HARRISBURG, PENNSYlVANIA 1710ij
7l'7..B!-9900
7l7.W,6J~j
FA.'( 7l7.J.\6-9119
April 25, 1997
Dr. Anthony G. Vincent
3506 Sleigh Street
Philadelphia, PA 19136
RE: John Traum
Dear Dr, Vincent:
I recently received the enclosed note from your office In response to a Subpoena for
your file on John Traum.
Is the note enclosed the only record that you have?
Would you kindly advise the undersigned whether any additional records are available?
Very truly yours,
'tit /-:iIZll!/~
Matthew R. Gover
NEALON & GOVER
MRG/shk tf....d). 9. ~ 9 7
Enclosure..-:::>rn - ~ lL ........ L ~
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JAMES G. NEALON m . M"lTHEW R. GOVER. BRIAN W. PERRY
" PRO,as.'IOf"AL CORPORATIQN
From Iho o"lo.F! ", rhOfl1AS Jovian. M.D,
,\ P r" 27, I 'I R 7
Noll ~. StlhH, ~,. fl.
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t:ll f t p :10:'
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h. off Ie. 00 h/!7/H7.
T hi" r 11 t f .. 11 t t" n I q y"." ,,' ,I mill 0 who I nlll r : d hIm R e If w h I 1. n'
1" II r k . ff p W i1 A ,':1 r t' V f It ~ it t n1 \' "r m p tt n 11 d f I! I J . r 11 I tin I I~'. he f e t t:
"'Irl', t' "~I ': 1"\lI"< I l!.:Pt' .f,.., '.,1 'I""! '. '1P.r.t p:tin .1ntl ',!j ~ "dmtttf',t for '\
t/1 r. "ny". Pntlont ,lid hnvo 11 "^T "ono hilt It wnR not rlr'ld,e~ n"
mnrhlnl' hrnke ,J.llHL ffe Wrl~ tnld hl' hnd C'ompreilu:jecf dt~c in lower
hl1rk, rnrt.nt ,11,1 Reok ,v,',I",,, 1"0 "t lIolvo,"lty of ronoRylv"oln
~rnrtR Clinic, thnv wer(1 IlrlRlIrn of ht!CJ problem. He diet hove n CAT
"0110 whloh conl,1 ont exrlll,lo pn."thlllty of dine hernlntlon.
rntloot "t" 1 ,'xrerlpocc" stlffoeRs In lower "nck nnd hllrnln~
RenAntfon tn rf~"t Inwpr (':'(trrmlt"v. Pntlent: Rought my eVAltl.1tlon on
iliA nwn nR worl'IIlPI1' ~ (,Clmp('n~.,t Inn would not pny (or the visit.
lie hn~ "(1(>" \...nrkinp, slllC'ro ,..IIt'" Inc1dent.
~:!,n.)I.: I ell eI r 0 v I .' w n C ,IT "r" 0 do 0 c n t S t. ~I n r y 11 o. pit" Inn
11'/RI.
~.~l!!.~~lI! ~':tllllr~:!!.!on: rovr,'" teod.rneR" to pnlpntlon of hlR
IlImhnR;1C'rnl ~q";li~ :lreA. 'Pnq~lv"" r:1n~(t of motion [~ painful 1n the
extrrmeR. ^ctfvro r:lnge of mntff1rl Is decrenAed, secondary to pntn.
Thp.rr iR wenknr''l't p.vtdent of tltl' gilRtrocnemius muscle on the rt~ht
when comp"red t/1 the left Riel..
!"!F.!~~,~!~n :
lIernlnted 1""h"r disc 1.~/Sl 00 rl~ht.
D!!!F."s,it!on:
I) Continue "nrkln~ In p"lu t/1 hest of "ltuntlon,
2) Ohtnln nhUR for", hr"o. f"r lower bnek, rx ~iven.
1) PrnRnoRfR should he rOil" 'dered ,," ~""rded.
4) Roturn hero for re-ev."",ltlon 10 h week.
[ w.'n t
pntlent.
I
to th"nk you for tho opportunity of evnluAtlng your
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~'\ SAINT MARY HOSPI rAl
LANGHORNE. PENNSYLVANIA '90<41
IV;~ll
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
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REGION TO BE EXAMINED
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CLINICAL INFORMATION
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From IIlll ollleo ", fh/lmos Jovian, MD
PATIENT: TIl^lJM, JOliN
CII^RT * A 8540
8/15/88 - Pntient re-evnlunted today. lie is approximately 1
year 6 month~ poat work relntnd injury. Working. complaints are
the same as in previous vlnlt, stiffness lower back pain across
ri9ht toes. ~xnmined lumbonncral spine. Discussed with patient
doin9 half ~it-ups. Physicnl therapy treatments bothers patient.
lie takes no m<!dicat ions. continue working. Return here in 3
months.
T^J/js
d ict., not rend
11-21-RA: Patient Wnn rn-evaluated in the office today. lie
is one year And 9 months post work related injury. lie is
workin9. Patient states thnt his symptoms are getting worse. lie
has numbnesn In the right tons. He complains of stiffness in his
back and dOlm his right leg. lie has good and bad days and has
problems getting up from a sitting position. Patient is seeing a
chiropractor. Return to the office in 4 months. continue
working.
TJ/ms
d ict., not rOM!.
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"
From tile ollie" 'If I llamas Javlao. M 0
Patient: John Traum
Chart . A 8540
3/13/89 - John Traum was r('-....valuated in the office on 3/13/89.
This patient is 2 YC'ilrs 1 month post work related injury.
Patient is currently worldl1'1. lie continues to oxperience low
back pain, right arm pain "l1d numbness and right leg pain and
pain across .,11 five toes of the right foot. Patient relates
that he has h""n seeing a chiropractor and notes improvement with
the treatmC'ntr,. Examinilt ien of the cervical and lumbosacral
spines revenlr, tenderness to palpation. lie was limited range of
motion. prmJllOS is guarded. continue working. Return to this
office in 5 months for re-ev"luation.
TJ / j 5
diet., not rend
8/14/89 - John Traum was s(>('" in the office for a follow up visit
on 8/14/89. lie is approxim.,tely one year six months post work
related injury. Patient is c'lrrently working. At today's visit,
the patient continues to hilV,," low back pain, cervical spine pain
and left aml right leg pilin. Examination of the lumbosacral
spine reveals tenderness to palpation. He has limited range of
motion. There is tenderness to palpation of the cervical spine.
Patient is encouraged to continue swimming for exercise.
Prognosis gtlo,r(led. continue working. Return to this off ice in 5
months.
'1'J/js
diet., not n~ild
From Ihe o"I~.. n,rhomas Javlan, M.D.
P3tl.ntl John Traum
chart * A 8540
12/11/99 - .Inhn Traum WElfJ ""nn in the office for re-evaluation on
12/11/99. Thin patl"nt I" npproximately 1 year 6 months post
Injury. I'ntl"nt. Is curr"ntly working. At today's visit, the
pElt lent cont I nllOB to hnvl' 1 umbosacral spine pa in and burning
"",IBElt lotI ""'./11 his right ln~ler extremity. Examination of the
lumbonnr'rEll "I'I no revl'lll n t"nderness to palpation. Patient does
not rocolvn I'hynlcnl thl'rnpy treatments. He does not take any
mlldlc'ltlonn, I'rognosla glln"led. continue working. Return to
thl~ offlc" In ft monthfJ.
T,I/ js
cllct., not tn;.,'
10/29/90 ~I"hn Traum was """n in the office on 10/29/90. He is
Ilpproximatrly 2 years 4 month" post work related injury. Patient
Is currently working. He continues to complain of low back pain
with the p.lIn going down hi.. right leg, He does not receive
physlclll thnrnpy but dons pxnrcises at a gym which he has joined.
~xElml""tlon or the lumbonncral spine reveals tenderness to
pEllpatlon. IIn h.~!l flexion of 40 degrees, extension of 20 degrees,
rotat Ion t.o thn right and lo:-rt of 10 degrees and lateral bendifl-r:j
to the right nnd lelt of 10 degrees. Patient told to continue
.'xllrc I A Ing "I'" to uBe a BtE'p machine. Prognosis remains guarded.
cont,lnlle work I nq. Return to this office in 6 months.
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diet. I not r""Ht
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STIPULATION TO TRANSFER VENUE
1. On January 18, 1996, Plaintiffs, John and Linda Traum,
commenced this action by filing a Complaint.
2. This civil action arises out of a motor vehicle accident
that occurred on Febr.uary 7, 1994, on Gettysburg Road, Lower Allen
Township, Cumberland County, pennsylvania.
3. At all relevant times, Defendant, Kevin E. Koons, was a
resident of 145 Red Mill Road, Etters, York County, pennsylvania
17319.
4. Venue is not proper in Bucks County.
5. The parties stipulate to transfer the action to Cumberland
County.
WHEREFORE, the parties, by and through their respective
counsel, hereby stipulate that the matter is to be transferred to
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JOHN AND LINDA TRAtJII, I IN TBB BUCKS COtJNTY COURT 01'
I COJIMON PLBAS
Plaintiff. I
I NO. 96000377-13-2
v. I
I CIVIL ACTION . LAW
ltBVIN B. KOONS, I
Defendant I JtJRY TRIAL DIilMANDBD
ENTRY OP APPBARANCIIl
TO THE PROTHONOTARY:
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Please enter~ appearance on behalf of Defendant, Kevin E.
Koona, only, in the above captioned matter.
Respectfully submitted,
CALDWELL & KEARNS
{l~ G. NUd\'Y\.
es G. Nealon, III, Esquire
torney's ID #46457
3631 North Front Street
Harrisburg, PA 17110
Attorneys for Defendant,
Kevin E. Koons
By:
Dated: February 14, 1996
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
AND NOW, this 14th of February, 1996, I hereby certify that I
have served a copy of the within Entry of Appearance on the
following by depositing a true and correct ccpy of the same in the
U.S. Mail at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, postage prepaid, addressed
to:
Roger J. Harrington, Esquire
O'Brien and O'Brien Associates
1260 Suburban Station Bldg.
Philadelphia, PA 19103
6"'V--i? G, NL.Q.t vV
s G. Nealon, III, Esq.
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SHERIFF'S RETURN
_ Bucks -t'093) Cepullze ~Z-l County
_11Cl0) Cerlllled MOil Po R.CP #__
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CIS' # --J.L:.t-L1i-J.-_.. Filed -0 L4/.4
ACllon __.._j::J~_....__.
Plllnllff JOHN THl\!.tL& L!NDA..THALM
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Celendant KEylJ;1..J:J~g;;>,NS
145 RED MILL RIL",_________
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_jAI12) III Femlly Member '
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FOR E P.OGER ! HI~FF; Iii. .
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upon ....I5.'f.y.kn..f....:.lSQQnli......................__................................................................................................
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the within named defendanll by handing to and leaving with ...~!}y.L~...~9:?D.~..........................
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a true and attested copy of the same at ..XQrJs..~9.v.IJ.~Y.,!;'9.IJX.t:J1Q.\\~.r:.....~.e..~.....I:t~r.K~~..~~.../........
York ('ounty, PA
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at ...H!.Q1........... O'clock ....t\,.M., ...J.mLMry....lQ~...l.~.~.ti.........................................................................
and informed .......tl.~[1)................................................................................... of the conten!s thereof,
Sheriff'. Cosll $ 20.00 Paid 2-15-96
So Answers,
Sworn of this ..).?~~............. day of
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$heriff of YORE COUNTY
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~notary
Notarial Seal
Mell... J. Oros.. Notary Publlo
York. York Counly
t'.1y COl1lml~:",,")- ,pi",', AJ,Hil20. 199B
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YOIIK COUNTY COURT HOUI.
YORK, PA 17401
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O'BRIEN Hnd O'BRU:N, ASSOClAn:s
By: ROGER J IIARRINGTON
IDf:NT....ICATION NlIMllt:a: O'lKK5
1260 SlIllllRBAN STATION ULUG,
PIIIl.ADELPIIIA. PA 1910J
{11~) ~67.7J81
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ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFFS
, JOliN AND/LlNDA
TRAlJM
170!! Bennett PIHce
lIollHnd. PA 18966
IN TilE DUCKS
COUNTY COURT OF
COMMON PU:AS
Jlllty TRIAL
DEMANDED
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/ KEVIN E, KOONS
14~ Red Mill ROHd
Etters. PA 17319
COMPLAINT IN CIVIL ACTION
COllNT ONt:: ,JOliN TltAlIM V, Kt:VIN E. KOONS
I. Plaintitl's are adult married individuals who reside at the above-captioned
address.
2. Defendam, Kevin E Koons, is an adult individual and resident of this
Commonwealth residing at the above,captioned addre:is
:I On or about February 7, 1<)<)4, Plaintitl: John Traum, was lawfully
operating his I <)8<) Mercury Topaz when Dctcndant, Kevin E Koons, suddenly and
violentiy rear-ended Plaintil}' on Gettysburg Road in l.ower Allen Township, Pennsylvania.
~. As a result of the al()resaid a~~ident plaintitl: John Traum, was ~aused to
sutler severe and serious personal injuries, ~ome of whi~h may be permanent, to his head,
neck, arms, shoulders, ba~k, body trunk, extremities, nerves and nervous system; as well
a~ pain and sutlering, emotional and menial distress, loss of life's pleasures, some of which
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injuries have continued to the present time and, further as a result of said injuries, plaintiff
has been prevented from attending to his usual duties, vocations and activities and may be
further prevented from attending to them in the future, all to his severe emotional, mental,
psychological and economic detriment
S. Also, as a result of the accident, plaintitl'has incurred medical bills for
which plaintitf seeks reimbursement herein.
6. Plaintitfs personal injuries, economic and non-economic losses set forth in
the above paragraphs incorporated herein by reference, were caused by the negligence of
Defendant, Kevin E. Koons, which consists of the following
(a) Operating his motor vehicle in violation of and in disregard for
state and local traffic rules, regulations, ordinances, and statutes;
(b) Failing to have his motor vehicle under propeLand adequate
control;
(c) Failing to be on the look out for other motor vehicles on the
roadway;
(d) Operating his vehicle without due regard for the rights and safety
of others in and about Gettysburg Road,
(e) Failing to stop his motor vehicle in the assured clear distance
ahead;
(t) Operating his motor vehicle in a grossly careless and reckless
manner;
(g) Operating his vehicle at an excessive rate of speed;
(h) Driving too fast for the conditions of the roadway andlor
exceeding the posted speed limit;
(i) Negligence at law,
(j) Negligence per se; and
(k) Whatever additional negligence that may appear during the course
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of investigation and di~overy in this mailer.
WHEREFORE, plaintiff, John Traum, demands judgment against defendant, Kevin
E. Koons, for a sum not in excess of Fifty Thousand (550,000) Dollars plus interest, costs
and allorney fees.
COUNT TWO: LINDA TRAUM V. KEVIN E. KOONS
7. Plaintiff, Linda Traum, incorporates paragraphs one (I) through six (6) as
if set forth herein at length.
8. Plaintiff, Linda Traum. is the wife of John Traum, and as a result of the
negligence of Defendant. Kevin E. Koons, Plaintiff, Linda Traum, has been deprived of
her husband's companionship and consortium, for which Plaintiff, Linda Traum, seeks
compensation
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff, Linda Traum, prays for judgment against Defendant,
Kevin E. Koons, for a sum not to exceed 550,000, plus interest, costs and allorneys' fees.
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RESPECTFULL Y SUBMITTED,
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ROGER J. ARRINGTON
Attorney fo' Plaintiffs
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VERIFICATION
The undersigned hereby states that he is duly authorized to take this verification
and avers that the facts as set forth in the foregoing document are true and correct to the
best of his knowledge.
These statements are made to the penalties of 18 Pa. C.S.A. Section 4904 relating
to unsworn falsifications to authorities.
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JOHN and LINDA TRAUM,
Plaintiff
v,
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLSVANIA
: NO, 96.2005 CIVIL
KEVIN E, KOONS,
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION. L-"W
: JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
ANSWER
1 . 8 Paragraph 2 is admitted; it is further admitted that on February 7,
1994, Dsfendant, Kevin E. Koons, was operating a motor vehicle which struck the rear of
a 1989 Mercury Topaz being operated by the Plaintiff, John Traun; the remaining
averments contained in Plaintiffs Complaint are denied pursuant Pa. R.C.P, 1029(e).
Respectfully submitted,
NEALON & GOVER
<::...----,
By: c=t -
James G. Nealon, III, Esquire
Atty. 1.0. #46457
301 Market Street u 9th Floor
P,O. Box 865
Harrisburg, PA 17108-0865
(717) 232-9900
..
VERIFICATION
I, KevIn E. Koons, verify that the statements made in the foregoing Answer to Complaint
are tl'Ue and correct. I understand that false statements herein are made subject to the penalties of 18
Pa, C.S.A, 4904 relating to unsworn falsification to authorities.
~ /~
Kevin E, Koons
Dated: ~ . JC> -"1 ~
.
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
AND NOW, this 25th day of June, 1996, I hereby csrtlfy that I have served the
foregoing ANSWER on the following by depositing a true and correct copy of same in the
United Statss mails, postage prepaid, addressed to:
Roger Harrington, Esquire
O'Brien and O'Brien, Associates
1260 Suburban Station Bldg.
Philadelphia, PA 19103
~
James G. Nealon, III, Esquire
Dated: June 25, 1996
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COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND
JOHN TRAUM and LINDA TRAUM
v,
: FILE NO, 96-2005 CIVIL
KEVIN E. KOONS
SUBPOENA TO PRODUCE DOCUMENTS OR THINGS
FOR DISCOVERY PURSUANT TO RULE 4009,22
TO: EMPIRE ADJUSTMENT & APPRAISAL SERVICES
Within twenty (20) days after service of this Subpoena you are ordered by the Court to
produce the following documents or things SEE ATTACHED at the offices 01 Nealon & Gover, 301
Market Street, 9th Floor, Harrisburg, PA 17101
You may deliver or mail legible caples 01 the documents or produce t~;ngs requested by
this Subpoena. together With the Certificate of Compliance, to the party making this ,..quest at the address
listed above You have the right to seek in advance the reasonable cost of preparing the copies or
producing the things sought.
If you fail to produce the documents or things required by this Subpoena within twenty
(20) days alter its service, the party serving this Subpoena may seek a Court Order compelling you to
comply with It.
This Subpoena was issued at the request 01 the lollowing person
Sharon Mlnnaugh, Paralegal for
Matthew R. Gover, Esquire
301 Market Street, 9'" Floor
Harrisburg, PA 17101
717.232-9900
Attorney for Defendant
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Seal 01 the Court
AND NOW, this 24th day of March, 1998, I hereby certify that I have
served the foregoing Certlflcats Prerequisite to Service of a Subpoena on the following
by depositing a true and correct copy of same In the United States malls, postage
prepaid, addressed to:
Rogert J, Harrington, Esquire
HARRINGTON & CALDWELL, P.C,
100 North 17th Street, 15th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Of
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
John and Linda Traum
NO,
2005
CIVIL
1996
VS,
Kevin E, Koons
RULE 1312.1,
The Petition for Appointment of Arbitrators shall be substantially in the following fonn:
PETlTlON .'OR APPOINTMENT 010' ARBITRATORS
TO THE HONORABLE, THE JUDGES OF SAID COURT:
Rngpr.1 lI"rri ngt-nn, I'~'''J" i rp, counsel for the plaintiff/defendant in the above action (or aClions),
respectfully represents that:
I. The above.captionedaction (or aClions) is (are) II issue.
2. The claim oflhe plaintiff in Ihe aClion is $ unliquid,ted l.pain and suffering frOll\
The counterclaim of Ihe defcndnm in Ihe action is N A Motor Ven1.c~e Ace
The following anomeys are inlerested in the case(s) as counselor are olherwise disqunlilied to sit as arbiur.:ors:
Except foJ;' counsel representinq parties or counsel who represent Allstate Ins.
Co" Plaintiffs' counsel is unaware of any other counsel who should be
WHEREfORE, your petition~oiW~JJr~~'\ig..a~d~rhNt>p~fiR^r~~tJIj~liitttators to whom the case shall be
submitted.
~:t)IY su rnitte~,
~er ~ I a rlngton, Esquire
ORDER OF COllRT
ANDNOW,~ Lf
foregoing petition, luP/~-tII.) ~
Esq., and !tUU.....LJ, ~/V'l.I
actions) as prayed for,
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Esq., are appointed arbitrators in the atiove caplioned Klion (or
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JOHN TRAUM and
LINDA TRAUM
PLAINTIFF
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNA
v.
: NO. 96.2005
: CIVIL ACTION. AT LAW
KEVIN E. KOONS
DEFENDANT
: JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
t!!OTICE OF INTENT TO SERVE A SUBPOENA
TO PRODUCE DOCUMENTS AND THINGS FOR
jllSCOVERY PURSUANT TO RULE 4009,21
-Defendant, Kevin Koons, intends to serve a Subpoena[s] identical-to the
one[s] that is attached to this Notice. You have twenty (20) days from the date listed
below in which to file of record and serve upon the undersigned an objection to the
Subpoena[s]. If no objection Is made the Subpoena[s] may be served,
Date:4/21/98
Matthew R. Gover Esquire
Attorney for the Defendant
AND NOW, this 12TH day of May, 1998, I hereby certify that I have served
the foregoing Certificate Prerequisite to Service of a Subpoena on the following by
depositing a true and correct copy of same in the United States mails, postage prepaid,
addressed to:
Robert J, Harrington, Esquire
100 North 1711I Street, 1511I Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
NO NOW, this 14'" day of April, 1999, I hereby certify that I have servsd
the foregoing Notice of Appeal From Award of Board of Arbitrators on the following by
dsposltlng a true and correct copy of same in the United States malls, postage prepaid,
addressed to:
Roger J. Harrington, Esquire
HARRINGTON & CALDWELL, P.C,
100 North 17th Street. 15th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Respectfully submlttsd,
NEAL ~ GOVER
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By: ~d(, l~)
atth w R. Gover
Attorney 1.0, #47593
301 Market Street -- 9th Floor
P.O. Box 865
Harrisburg, PA 17108-0865
(717) 232-9900
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tn The Court of Common Pl~as of
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OATH
We do solemnly swear (or affirm)
the ConaCicution of che United States
wealth and Chat we will discharge the
that we will support; obey and derend
and the Constitl,lcioa oc..-t:tris'Colll,Clon-
duties of our oCf.icjl '.ith!:l.deliey.
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'~ t~ uAdersigned arbitrators, having ~een dull appointed and sworn
af!irm~d),t~ke che following award:
(Note: If damage. for d.la~ are awarded, they shall be
separacely stated,)
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AWARD
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Oace of Award:
~OTIC::: OF EN't'R';" OF AWARD
~ow, thel.3/ day of 1I( Il. \ " t \
avard was entered upon the dockee and
OIartie. or t~ei: attornev.,
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. l'J2.L. at _, .L.:l"
:lotiee thereof gi-,en ;,~ mail
cha above
to the
Arbitrators' companaation
paid upon appeal:
Jell h
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to be
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PRAECIPE FOR [,I STING CASE f'OR TRIAL
(Must be typewritten and Hut:rnittc)d in duplicate)
ro THE PrunlO1'VI'ARY Of' CUMBERLAND COUNrY
Please list the following case.
(Check one)
()(
for JURY trial at the next term of civil court,
for trial without a jury.
-----------------------------------------
CAPTION OF CASE
(entire caption must be stated in full)
(check one)
( ) Civil Action - Law
(.)(') Appeal from Arbitration
John and !.indo Tr. urn
(other)
(Plaintiff )
VB,
Kevin E, Koona
The trial list will be called on 8-17-99
and
Trials commence on
9-13-99
(Defendant)
Pretrials will be held on 8-25-99
(Briefs are due 5 days before pretrials,)
VB.
(The party listing this case for trial shall
provide forthwith a copy of the praecipe to
all counsel, pursuant to local Rule 214.1. )
No, 2005
Civil
1996
r\...ti9A
Indicate the attorney who will try case for the party who files this praecipel
Roger J. Harrington, Esquire LO,f09885 Harrington & <';,lldwoll, P.C, 100 N. 17th st., 15th Pi.
PHiladnlphla. PA 19103 215-751-1135
Indicate trial counsel for other parties if known.
Matthew R. Gove" Esquire, Nealon' Gover, 301 Market Street, ~~ll rl. rlattl~but~, 'g 17188
1.0,.47593, TolrPhono No.: 717-232,9900
This case is ready for trial.
Signe~~'l' )l~--
Print Narre. Roger J. Harrington
Attorney for: Plaintiffs
Dete.
,June 14, 1999
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HARRINGTON & CALDWELL, p.e.
Sy: ROGER J, HARRINGTON
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 09885
100 NORTH 17TH STREET, 15TH FL.
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103
121517151.-.:1 135
JOHN and LINDA
TRAUM
A TTORNEV FOR PLAINTIFflS
va,
IN THE CUMBERLAND
COUNTY COURT OF
COMMON PLEAS
NO.: 96.20015
KEVIN E. KOONS
SUGGESTION OF DEATH At!D Sl!BSTITUTI,ON OF PARTY
TO THE PROTHONOTARY:
On June 1,1999 Linda M. Traum departed this world, It is requested that
John T. Traum, Jr., executor of the Estate of Linda M. Traum be substituted for
Linda M. Traum. Attached is a Short Certificate. Thank you.
RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED,
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Attorney for Plaintiffs
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I, .arbara., I1tillp ,H,~"l" ,,' 11',1" ,n .nll for lh. Counly of .uek.. In lh. Commonweallh of Plnn.ylvanll,
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of record In my office,
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