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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP,
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
CIVIL ACTION - EQUITY
NO, 98-
Plaintiff
VS.
ANTHONY BRISELLI,
Defendant
IN EQUITY
DEFENDANT'S POST-HEARING MEMORANDUM
I, FACTS
Anthony Briselll, hereinafter Briselli, the Defendant in this case, was born, raised and
educated in Pennsylvania, He has never lived anywhere else. Briselli graduated from
Shippensburg University in June, 1996, having majored in business and with a special interest in
financial planning, He sent out resumes and obtained an interview with the Plaintiff, PFA GPEAP,
hereinafter Partnership. The job offered was as a "para-planner", an independent contractor, The
salary negotiated was $18,000.00 with an additional $2,000,00 when Briselli successfully passed
four examinations required to sell financial services industry products, These terms were
discussed and negotiated over approximately ten contacts with Matthew Amos, managing partner,
between September, 1996, and January 15, 1997, when Briselli commenced work for the
Partnership. 1
Although Matthew testified that Defendant reported for work on or about January 3, 1997,
Briselli asserted that his first day of work was January 15, 1997, His contention is evidenced by
three facts:
I Briselli passed Ihe insumnre lesl priur tu Nuvemher 14, I~%, aner which AmllS sent him a
cungmtulalllry memurandum (Defendanl's Exhihit 2) cunfirming Ihe Partnership promise In reimburse
Briselli Ihe Cllsl llf Ihe series uf lhree lesls which were tu he laken lalcr, Brisdli leslilied Ihat il was
his agreement wilh Mr, Amus Ihat Ihe $2,IHHI.IHI hllnus was, in pari, In cllmpensate him fllr a persnnal
llutlay uf the fees fur laking thnse lests.
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First, the Agreement which Is at the heart of this case was dated January 15, 1997,
Second, Briselli's dally planner shows no work whatsoever until January 16, 1997,
Finally, Briselli testified that the three tests he was to have passed before taking a
position with the Partnership were taken on January 13, 1997,
On January 15, 1997, then, in the morning, after Briselli reported to work and was at a
computer, Amos presented him with the Para-planner Agreement. That Agreement contained a
covenant not to compete. Briselli reviewed the Agreement cursorily and signed it, returning It to
Amos immediately, He has no recollection of reading the non-compete clause, and in fact, testified
that the first time the clause was mentioned to him was in the January 6, 1998 letter written by
Thomas p, Gacki, Esquire, on behalf, not of the Partnership, but of "Professional FinancIal
Adv/sors,lnc,",
In mid-December, 1997, Briselli notified the partners that he would not be continuing in the
employ of the Partnership, In mid-December, also, he made copies from the "DOS" computer
system of clients with whom he had made contact for the purpose of regularizing his milage charts
for tax purposes, Before leaving the Partnership, Briselli removed two files from the Partnership
file room, One was a file for work he did for his parents, and the other was a file for a client of
Amos who called Briselli regularly and who Amos indicated he no longer wished to provide
services for. Briselli also took his personnel file.'
After leaving the Partnership, Briselli associated himself with Albert D'Agostino and has
engaged in financial planning and the sale of financial services industry products, He has,
however, not contacted any clients of the Partnership other than those of Mr, D'Agostino who gave
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him permission to contact those clients. He has, also, not written any business for Pennsylvania
state employees,
The Plaintiff partners have interests In two business entities, They are shareholders of
Professional Financial Advisors, Inc" a corporation which Is registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission as an "RIA", registered investment advisor. PFA, Inc. does only fee-based
financial planning. It Is prohibited from selling investments. The sale of investments Is undertaken
by the individual shareholders as independent agents,
The partners have, however, joined together in the Partnership to provide themselves office
space and attendant office amenities, Defendant's Exhibit "1" is the "PFA General Purpose
Expense Account Partnership" Agreement. Under the section marked "Background", the partners
agree "Amos, Zimmerman, Englehart, D' Agostino and Nickum" (collectively the "Partners") currently
share office space and other expenses relative to their separate activities Involving the practice
of financial planning and the sale of financial services industry products," (Emphasis added)
Paragraph 3 of the Agreement reads in pertinent part, ",.,The purpose of the Partnership is to
allocate common office expenses among the partners and function as an entity to enter into leases
for office space and other contracts relating to the operation of a common office shared by the
partners, ,.." Paragraph 4 of the Agreement states in part: "..,The partners understand and
acknowledge that the partnership will not generate any profit as such, ..," The Partnership has no
EIN and issued no W-2's or 1099's, It is, simply, a way of collecting monies to fund an office for
use by PFA, Inc. and the individual partners in their capacities as independent contractors for the
sale of financial service industry products,
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There are 76 financial planners listed in the yellow pages of the Carlisle and Harrisburg
phone books,
On February 11, 1998, the Partnership filed an equity action seeking to enforce the
restrictive covenant, praying for damages, and seeking a preliminary Injunction, A Petition for a
preliminary injunction was filed at the same time, and a hearing was set for March 2, 1998, This
Memorandum follows the hearing and is in oPPosition to the issuance of a preliminary Injunction,
II. DISCUSSION
A Court will grant an injunction only where the rights of the Plaintiff are clear and doubt-free
and the harm to the Plaintiff is great and irreparable, A preliminary injunction is an "extraordinary"
and "harsh" remedy, only to be granted in the most compelling cases, Goodies Old Fashion Co,
vs. Kuiros, 408 Pa,Super 495,597 A.2d 141 (1991)
The trial court is to balance the needs of the Plaintiff against the effect of a preliminary
injunction on the Defendant. 15 Standard Pennsylvania Practice !l83:18
The standard of proof for an injunction is clear and convincing evidence of an intended or
threatened injury which must be actually threatened and not merely anticipated and must be
practically certain and not merely probable, Clinton v. Carmat, Inc., 488 Pa.Super 433,432 A.2d
238
To find for the Plaintiff, this Court must first determine whether there is a valid restrictive
Covenant. If there is, the Court must go onto determine whether a preliminary injunction is
appropriate. To make that determination, a court must be convinced that the alleged restrictive
covenant is related to a valid employment contract supported by consideration, that it protects a
legitimate business interest of the employer, and that it is reasonably limited in territory and
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duration, Boldt Machlnerv & Tools, Inc. v. Wallace,
Pa,
, 366 A.2d 902
(1976) The court must be able to find that the rights of the Plaintiff are clear and doubt-free and
that the harm to the employer of not granting an injunction is great and irreparable, 15 Standard
Pennsylvania Practice !j83:2,
A. THE RESTRICTIVE COVENANT IS NOT SUPPORTED BY CONSIDERATION,
Although the date upon which Brlselli commenced working for the Partnership is disputed,
it is undisputed that prior to his beginning work, the parties had agreed upon the compensation
Briselli was to receive, Briselli understood that amount to be $18,000,00 with a $2,000,00 bonus
if he passed the required tests, The Partnership now contents that the compensation was
$16,000,00 and that the $2,000.00 bonus made a total of $18,000.00. It is uncontested, however,
that Briselli received $18,000.00 for his services as independent contractor in 1997, The parties
had, therefore, before Briselli reported to work, an oral agreement which did not, at the time it was
made, anticipate a restrictive covenant. On the first day of work, Briselli was presented with the
Agreement which contained the restrictive covenant, and he signed it after skimming the
Agreement and noting only that the amount of compensation appeared to be that to which he had
agreed with Amos. There was, therefore, no additional consideration for the restrictive covenant
over that offered and agreed to for the year term as para-planner.
Georoe W. Kistler. Inc. v. O'Brien,
Pa,
, 347 A.2d 311 (1975) is a
Supreme Court case on all fours with this case with one exception, that is that Mr, O'Brien was
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an employee, not an independent contractor, He had, however, entered into an oral agreement
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for his salary in advance of reporting to work, On the first day of work, he was presented with a
restrictive covenant which he signed. No further consideration for the restrictive covenant was
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given over and above that given for employment. The Supreme Court found that where a valid
oral contract for employment exists, a restrictive covenant entered Into subsequently must be
supported by additional consideration. Therefore, the Court refused to enforce the covenant. (A
copy of the Kistler case is attached hereto,) Because there was no additional consideration over
that already agreed to for the employment as independent contractor, the restrictive covenant in
this case, too, must fail. Counsel may argue that the Initial hiring is consideration for the
restrictive covenant, and that may be true in the instance where the covenant itself along with
compensation are negotiated at the initiation of employment. The Kistler case distinguishes that
situation, however, from the one where agreement on salary only is reached initially and the
restrictive covenant follows the oral agreement.
The Para-planner Agreement presented to Briselli does not reflect a meeting of minds,
Rather, it was a contract copied from a form book, its terms not negotiated, It was an after-
thought bargaining.
The validity of a restrictive covenant depends, too, upon there being a legitimate business
interest of the employer to be protected. In the instant case, the employer is a partnership which
has for Its purpose the allocation of costs for running an office out of which independent
contractors work, The Partnership allocates expenses to each partner, It is the Partnership which
made an agreement with Briselli. The Partnership neither provides fee-based financial planning,
nor does it function as a seller of financial services industry products. It is, essentially, an office
sharing agreement.
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What legitimate business interest of the Partnership Is there to protect? In his testimony,
Amos articulated two, that is, software (the "ACT database"), and the target market which, In
general, is all of Pennsylvania and, in particular, Is Pennsylvania state employees,
There was unrefuted testimony that the ACT Software can be purchased at Office Max, and
that, in any case, Brlselll was not using that software, The entire state of Pennsylvania cannot be
a protectable interest of the Partnership, even if the Partnership were deemed to be engaged in
the business of selling financial services industry products, Nor it there anything "proprietary"
about the state employees, In any case, however, state employees are not a target of Briselli
whose uncontested testimony was that he had not received any fees from work for a state
employee since he left the Partnership. Because the Partnership has no business Interest to
protect, and if this Court finds that it does, that business interest is hardly proprietary, the third
prong of the test for a valid restrictive covenant must fail.
Finally, a restrictive covenant must be reasonably limited In territory and duration, In its Pre-
hearing Memorandum, Plaintiff alleges that the Cumberland County Courts have been willing to
enforce restrictive covenants a similar duration and territory and cites for that fact Lawco, Inc. v,
Greenfield, et aI., 45 Cumb, 31, (1995), Newport Professional COrD. v, Tanner, 42 Cumb, 376
(1991) and Eclipse. Inc. v. Stephanie Miller et ai, an unreported Opinion flied to 97-6077, Those
cases involved undisputedly valid covenants, limited In territory and duration, In Lawco, Judge
Oler preliminarily enforced covenant with a 250 mile radius, In Newport, Judge Bayley enforced
a covenant for one year in a 20 mile radius of Plaintiff's practice, The restrictive area In the
Eclipse, Inc. case was seven miles from Plaintiff's shop. The duration was one year, In all three
cases, however, Plaintiffs could show rights which were clear and doubt-free and irreparable harm
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if the Injunction were not granted, In this case, however, there has been no harm shown to the
Partnership, irreparable or otherwise,
Of course, great and irreparable harm Is the second prong of the test necessary for the
entry of a preliminary injunction, It Is not enough to show the breach of an agreement. Rather,
Plaintiff must show a threat of unbridled continuation of violations of an agreement. Rollins
Protective Services v. Shaffer, Pa, Super , 557 A.2d 4013 (1989) In that case,
a copy of which was supplied to the Court after the March 2, 1998 hearing, the employer was
unable to show actual harm as a result of a violation of the restrictive covenant and the trial court
refused to issue a preliminary injunction as a result. The trial court determined the employer failed
to establish not only proof of irreparable harm, but proof of any harm at all. The employer
appealed on that issue, The employees in that case had not "stolen" any of the employer's
customers, had not knowingly solicited any of its customers and did not take a customer list with
them upon their departure. Accordingly, the Superior Court upheld the trial court in refusing to
issue a preliminary injunction,
The parallels to the instant case are obvious, Briselli has not dealt with any "partnership"
clients (If this Court determines the Partnership has, indeed, any clients), He has dealt with
D'Agostino's clients with D'Agostino's permission, Briselli has not solicited any of the clients of
the other partners, nor has he taken any customer lists with him, As the court noted in Rollins,
".., As such, appellant is threatened with no greater harm to 'customer relationships' from
appellees, than from any other similarly situated employee not formerly employed by appellant,
working for competitors other than Westec. Nor has appellant proven harm of any other nature
resulting from the violation of the non-competition clause of his employment agreement with
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appellees," Id, at 514, Without a showing of actual harm to Plaintiff, the preliminary injunction
must fail,
The lack of damage to Plaintiff Is in stark contrast to the great harm to Briselli If he cannot
make a living or must leave the state, and all of his contacts, to do so,
III. CONCLUSION
The undersigned can locate no case at any level of the court system where a preliminary
injunction has been issued absent a clearly enforceable restrictive covenant, and in fact, as the
Kistler case has shown, failure of consideration defeats the covenant where it is entered without
additional consideration other than that already agreed to in an oral agreement for employment.
Further, in all of the cases in Cumberland County which the undersigned has reviewed, no
preliminary injunction was issued unless the former employee was actually soliciting the customers
of the employer or using proprietary material. There is no harm to Plaintiff if Anthony Briselli
continues to earn a living as one of over 75 local financial planners.
Respectfully submitted,
FLOWER, MORGENTHAL FLOWER & LINDSAY, P.C.
Attorneys for Defendant
By:
Date~Ahw'd1 ~ i 14qq/
Carol J, indsay, Esquire
10 # 44693
11 East High Street
Carlisle, PA 17013
(717) 243-5513
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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP,
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
CIVIL ACTION - EQUITY
NO. 98-
Plaintiff
vs,
ANTHONY BRISELLI,
Defendant
IN EQUITY
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
AND now, this (P day of A~u... ,1998, I, Carol J, Lindsay, Esquire,
of the law firm of FLOWER, MORGENTHAL, FLOWER & LINDSAY Attorneys, hereby certify that
I served the within Defendant's Post-hearing Memorandum this day by depositing same in the
United States Mall, First Class, Postage Prepaid, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, addressed to:
Thomas p, Gacki, Esquire
105 Locust Street
Harrisburg, PA 17101
FLOWER, MORGENTHAL FLOWER & LINDSAY
Attorneys for Defendant
By:
-----
arol J. L:I dsay, Esquire
ID # 44693
11 East High Street
Carlisle, PA 17013
(717) 243-5513
Pn.
311
GEORGE W. KISTLER, INO. v, O'BRIEN
CliO all. l'a.. 3..1 .\.:.!d 311
reasoning in desiJ:lled to eHectuate his client's
on his PCI-IA ests." (Emphasis in orh.:innl.)
should, nccordint-:' to the
Mildor/l, he aecord,d relief
pClltlon.
It is ironic that the reasoning useu hy
the majority to Iind waiver of app,lIant's
Fu/c11 claim should permit him to raise it
on PCBA a. the ha.i. for a claim of Inef-
fective a55istnncc of counsel.
(orms
ressing
to tor-
Morc-
der to
coun.
one is
n that
claim
ounsel.
,Iya.-
pellant
MANDERINO, Jnstlcc (dissenting),
1 dissent. The majority opinion attempts
to do two things to which I must voice my
opposition. In CommoUlvealll1 fl. lfla)'tuan,
454 Pa. ;9, 3119 A.2d ;84 (19;3), this Court
hcld that a motion to suppress an accused's
con fession on involuntariness grounds was
sufficient to preserve the issuc of "unnee.
essary delay" in arraignment after arrest
without a warrant where the length of the
period of questioning was a factor to be
considered in determining the voluntariness
of the confession. The majority opinion
allempts to lay WaYlllan to rest without a
proper burial. In his motion to suppress,
appellant raised the issue of the voluntari.
ness of his out.of.court statement, and al.
I,ged that police threats made duriag con-
tinuous questioning caused his statement to
be involuntarily given. He now raises the
issue of unnecessary delay prior to ar-
raignment. The issue has thus heen prop.
erly preserved under JVaymon.
Secondly, the majority opinion attempts
to estabHsh 3. new test to answer the al1e-
gation of ineffective 3.'1sistance of trial
counsel by saying that if the action-or in-
action-complained of would not have re-
quired the opposite result at trial, then trial
counsel cannot he said to have been inef-
fective. Such a test, it seems to me, would
make it virtuall)' impossible to obtain a
new trial on ineffective assistance of coun-
sel grounds. This Court has stated that,
"eounsel's assistance is deemed constitu.
tionally effective once we are able to
conclude that the particular course cho-
sen by counsel had some reasonable basis
IpardYi
er way
t1tUtlOD
lion or
. rlaA'
at the
tquire,
AI; or
Ime of
III Bub.
. would
allf I'
ary 20,
118(h'J
I.b'to
In un.
pmcnt
appel,
OD our
IDlUtu-
and It
.DIUtU.
on "of
inter.'
ComtflOnwcaltll 1\'. rcl. 'Vf,.sllillylon tl.
Maroney, 42; 1'0, 599,604, 2.15 A.2<1 .W),
352 (1%;),
cannot suh!icrihe to the majority's at.
tell1l't to, .su', .silculid, overrule that test.
.
o ~IU'U"II'''lll"
,
GEORGE W, KISTLER, INe,
y,
William J, O'BRIEN, Appollant,
SlIl.t"('lIle Court ot penus)'l\"nnln:
Ar~l1ed Dee. n, 1074.
Deeldell Oet. 3D, 107G.
Corporation engaged in sale and serv-
ice of fire equipment and fire prevention
devices commenced action in equity to en-
force restrictive covenant in a written em-
ployment contract between itsel f and de-
fendant, a former employee. The Court of
Common Pleas of Lehigh County, in Equi-
ty, No.8, January Term, 19;4, Donald E.
Wieand, C., issued a decree nisi enjoining
defendant from selling or servicing fire
equipment within a 50.milc radius, and de.
fendan' appeal,d following dismissal of his
exceptions and entry of final decree. The
Supreme Court, No. 603' January Term,
19i4, Nix, J.. held ,hat where oral employ-
ment agreement had been effected some
two wt;eks prior to execution of the writ..
ten contract, the employment itsoU did not
constitute consideration for the covenant,
regardless of whether employment relation.
ship was terminable at will, and that the
seal and $1 nominal consideration for the
~
312 Po,
347 ATLANTIO REPORTER, 2d SERIES
covenant were il1!iuHicicnt to support equi-
tahle enforcement thereot.
Decree re\'ersed.
nallerts, J., filed c:or1(~urril1J: opinion in
which Jones, C. )'1 joined.
Eagen. O'Brien and Mnndcrino, JJ"
concurred in result.
I, Conlra.1I ~47, 116(1), 117(2)
For a covenant in restraint of trade to
he enforceable the covenant must (I) re-
late to (he nncillnry to) :L contract for the
sale of the good will of a business or to a
cOlltr.ct of empIO)'mcllt, (2) bc ,upportcd
by ndcquatc consideration ilnd (3) be rea..
son ably limited in hoth time and territory.
(Per Nix, J., with one Judg-c concurring,
two )mlRcs spccially concurring and three
J lHl~C5 concurring in result.)
2. Appeal and Error ~I009(7)
Whilc chancellor's findings, appro,'ed
h.)' the court en bane, have the (orce and
effect of a jury's \'cruict, the)' must also be
supported h)' l'tdequate evidence in oruer
that the)' be affirmed on appeal, (Per
Nix, J., with one Judge concurring, two
Judges specially concurring and Ihree
Jud~es concurring in result.)
3. Contracts C=32
Even where a later formal document
is contemplated, parties may bind them-
seh'es contractually prior to the execution
of a written document through mutual
manifestations of assent. (Per Nix, J.,
with one Judge concurring, two Judges
specially concurring and three Judges con-
curring in result.)
4, Mllter .nd Serv.nt ~3(1)
Evidence of mutual assent to employ
and be emplo)'ed, which assent contains all
clements of a contract, ma)' be construed
as a binding contract of employment
though not reduced to writing. (Per Nix,
J" with one Judge concurring, two Judges
!lpeciall)' concurring and three JIlIIJ.:e~ con-
curring in result.)
5. Contr.oll ~75(2)
Where it i, not onl)' ora II)' agreed that
defendant, resisting enforcement of restric-
tive covenant in written emplo)'l11ent con-
tract. would cease working for his then
present employer and hegin \\'orking for
plaintiff hut all aspect' of the employment
relationship such as \\'ages, duties and hen-
efits were agreed on two weeks prior to
written contract a valid oral contract 0 f
emplo}'ment existed and, hence, the em-
ployment itself could not constitute consid-
eration for the subsequent written cove-
nant. (Per Nix, J.. with one Judge con-
curring, two Judges speciall)' concurring
and three Judges concurring in result.)
6. Contracts C=47
\Vhile a restrictive covenant, in order
to he \'alid, need not appear in the initial
contract, if it is agreed on at some Jater
time it must be supported b)' new consider-
ation. (Per Nix, J., with one Jud~e con-
curring, two Judges specially concurring
and three Judges concurring in result.)
7, Conlraell ~75(2)
\Vhere there was a valid oral contract
of employment, continuation of the employ-
ment relationship at time of signing of
subsequent written contract, which con-
tained restrictive co\'cnant, was not suHi-
cient consideration for the covenant, not-
withstanding Ihat the employment relation-
ship w.s terminable at will of either parly,
(Per Nix, J., with one Judge concurring,
two Judges speci;:llIy concurring and three
Judges concurring in result.)
0, InJuneUon e=61(2)
The se.1 .nd stated $1 nominal consid-
eration for co\'enant not to compete with
the emplo)'er in a SO.mile radius for two
years following termination of employment
was not suHicient consideration to support
equitable enforcement of the covenant.
(Per Nix, J., with one Judge concurring,
Donald 'I
rcss, Lip!!1 ,\
pellee. i
Defore
O'DRIEN, !
and MAN \
t'
NIX, J~ 1:
Appellei L .
meneed th
force a r. ,'~ I
employme, ':' ~
employee, :,J
On M.y !~
Pleas iS5Ul .~'d
lant from' r .\ ~
fire equif 1[$..
,t-'".'!
Appellant i \i'\l
the court: I :,~
. 1'1'1-'
grantmg I j' '1'\:-':
fOllowed'l. \.1:).'
Appell." f::'.
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of his cof! ,J:t:
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WIUl not J.;i~
Ilrotectlo ,',I (:
oaalnat ,'- co"
without
GEORGE W, KISTLER, INC. v, O'BRIEN
CUo IIR, III., 3fo1 A.211311
two Jud~C:!I specially concurrinJr and three competitive husiness was not supported hy
Jud~e5 co"curri"~ in result.) adequate consideration. \Ve agree with
this nr~lImcnt and therdore reverse. Ac-
cordingly, we need not address appellant's
other contentions.1
greed that
or restric-
ment con.
hi, then
rking (or
ployment
. .nd hen-
prior to
ntract o(
the ern-
e consid..
en cove-
tdgc con-
ncurring
It,)
9. C.nlr.... C=116(1)
Restrictive cmplo}'n1cnt covenants are
not (,,'ored, (Per Nix, J., with one Judge
concurring', two judges specially concur.
ring and three Judges concurring in re-
,nIt,)
Richard F. Steven" Theodore J, Zeller,
Jr" Butz, Hudde" & Tallm.n, Allentown,
(or appellant.
Donald H, Lip,on, Walker, Thomas, Ka-
ress, Lipson & Zieger, Allentown, for ap-
pellee.
Before JONES, C, J., and EAGEN,
O'BRIEN, ROBERTS, POMEROY, NIX
and ~IANDERINO, JJ.
OPINION
contract
employ-
ning o(
'h con.
t ,u({i-
nt, not..
elation..
r party,
:urring,
d three
NIX, Justice.
Appellee, George \V. Kistler, Inc., com-
menced this action in equity seeking to en-
(orce a restrictive covenant in a written
employment contract between itself and its
emplnyee, appellant William J. O'Brien,
On May 14, 1974, the Court o( Common
Picas issued a Decree Nisi enjoining appel-
lant (rom engaging in selling or servicing
fire equipment within a 50 mile radius.
Appellant's exceptions were dismissed by
the court en banc and a Final Decree
granting relief was enterl:'d. This appeal
followed.
Appellant ,eek, to vacate the ruling of
the court below on several grounds. One
o( his contentions is that the covenant re-
stricting appellanl (rom engaging in a
':onsid-
e with
'lr two
Iyment
upport
'enant.
Irring,
I, AIlIlr.lIllllt niNO c1nhncll tlmt thl! ('O\'enant
WllIt lIot rClllmnllbl)' net'CHHnry for o1111ellec'II
Ilmtce'rlon. 01111 thllt it HhouM 1I0t be enforccll
IlKniuHt nil emlllu)'l!c who WOM dhtt'horgeti
without t~IIUKt!.
347 A.2~-2DVJ
Po.
313
.'
A review o( the record reveal, the (al-
lowing pertinent facts, Appellee, George
W, Kistler, Inc" (Kistler) i, a Penn,ylvan-
ia corporation engaged in the sale and
service o( (ire equipment and (ire pre\'en-
tion services.' About a year prior to May
of 1970, appellant, William J. O'Brien
(O'Brien) was contacted by representatives
of Kistler with respect to O'Brien's pos~i-
ble employment with their compan)', 'No
decision was made at that time and the
matter wa' le(t open (or (urther' di,cu,-
sian. Subsequently, some time in the late
Winter or early Spring o( 1970, Kistler
again solicited O'Brien :md after various
negotiations relating to wages, duties, in-
surance benefits and other terms o( em-
ployment hut not including an)' mention of
a restrictive covenant, it was agreed that
O'Brien would leave his present employer
and work for Kistler. O'Brien ga\'e his
then employer two weeks notice and began
10 work (or Ki,t1er on May 11, 1970.
On or about that same day, O'Brien
questioned one of the clerks at the business
with regard to his insurance benefits.
Upon doing so, he was handed various
forms to complete and sign, among them a
document entitled Employment Contract
which contained the (allowing c1au,e:
"In con, ide ration o( the ,.id OWNER
granting such requested employment to
Ihe said EMPI.OYEE and in (urther con-
,iderotion of the payment o( ONE (~l.OO)
DOI.I.AR law(nl money of the United
State" thi, day made by the OWN-
ER to the EMPI.OYEE, he, the EM-
PI.OYEE, agree' with the OWNER that
2. DllrlnJ: the time of the negotlntlollll loon-
cerniuG O'Brlen'tI emlllo,}'mcnt \\.lth Khlller.
the bUlllncRtI hod not been IntoorlKJrnted nnd
Willi hehlR' ('ollllllctec) 1111 II 801e llrolJrictofllhll).
'file IllcorllOrntlon tUti not occur uatU ufter
O'Drien hall commenced \\'orklng for Killtler.
314 Po,
347 ATLANTIO REPORTER, 2d SERIES
for n puiod of t\\'o (2) )'cnu after sl\ld
employment is terminated (or :111)' cnU!u~
whnt!loc\'cr hy either or hoth of the Jlnr-
ties, that he will not directly Of indirect-
I)' manufacture. sell, di5trihutc, handle on
his own RCCollnt or hy RS!lccinlion or em-
ploym.nt II)' or with any oth.r p.rsons
whomsoever within an aren of fifty (50)
mil.s, .xt.nding from Ih. City of AIl.n-
town, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, nny
product eqmil in character or in any \YRY
similar to th. products handl.d, hought,
sold or serviced or to he handled, hought,
sold or s.rvieed by said OWNER,"
O'Brien worked at various times in the
eapaeity of Servie. Manager and llraneh
Manager (or Kistler until November 16,
19i3, when he was discharged (or reasons
that arc disput.d,
Upon his departure (rom Kistler,
O'Brien wcnt into husiness (or himsel r ser-
,'icing hand portable fire extinguishers.
He solicited business from concerns located
in large buildings and also did service
work by subcontract for distributors of
hand portable fire extinguishers. This ac-
tivity was to some extent in competition
with th~ aetiviti.s of his form.r employ.r,
[1] It is axiomatic in our law that in
order for a covenant in restraint of trade
to be enforceable the covenant must 1) re-
lat. to (be ancillary to) a contract for the
sal. of th. good will of a busin.ss or to a
contract of .mploym.nt, 2) b. supported by
adequate consideration, and 3) be reasona-
bly Iimit.d in both time and t.rritory, 10-
cobson 0- Company v. International Envi-
rOlllllent Corporation, 427 Pa, 439, 235 A,
2d 612 (1967): Capital Bakers, ll1C, v,
Tawllselld, 426 Pa. 188, 231 A.2d 292
(1967): Barb-Lee Mobile Frallle Co, v,
Hoot, 416 Pa. 222, 206 A.2d 59 (1965);
Morgall's HOllie Eqllipment Corp, v, Mar-
tllcci,39O Pa,618, 136 A,2d 838 (1957),
Appellant asserts that the covenant is
unenforceable because it lacks considera-
tion. It is his position that the negotia-
tioll~ prior to May 11th constituted n com-
plete Rnd hinding ora1 contract for which
the considerAtion was the employment it-
self. TI1U~ he nrRues that the emplo)'ment
a~ consideration WAlt not available to sup-
port the 5uhse(IUent written restrictive CO\'-
ennnt. Moreover, he contends that the en-
terin~ into nn nRreen1ent contAining a re-
strictive covenant was not a factor consid-
ered in arriving at the oral agreement of
emplo)'ment. It was not until O'Brien had
commenced work and inquired about his
Blue Cross hene fit forms that he was re-
quest.d II)' a c1.rk to sign th. "Employ-
ment Contract" supposedly in accordance
with the general practice of the firm. It is
particularly significant that Kistl.r, who
was then operating a sole proprietorship
and personally participat.d in th. final ne-
gotiations, nevcr discussed this require-
ment.
Thus we must first determine at what
point a final and binding employment con-
tract was executed before determining
what. if any. consideration passed for the
signing of the covenant.
At the h
as follows '
lIQ AnI
tak. It
work fo
A
Q
A
Q Vou
and th.
A I pr
Q Blu
that h.
ploy.r,
notice
[2-5] Th. Chane.llor, in r.vi.wing th.
evidence, rejected appellant's claim that an
oral contract exist.d and found that th.
written contract was the sole agreement of
.mploym.nt b.lw..n th. parti.s. Bas.d
upon this pr.mise he conclud.d that th.
employment itselC was the consideration
for the eovenanl, While th. Chane.llor's
findings, approved by the court en bane,
have the force and effect of a jury's ver-
dict, they must also b. supported by ad.-
quat. .videne. in ord.r that they b. af-
firm.d on app.al, lacobson & CompallY v,
Inlrrnotional Environment Corporation, Sll-
pro 427 Pa. at 4-l5, 235 A.2d at 616, Our
r.ading of the r.eord, and .sp.cially the
testimony of appellee, Kistler. forces us to
eonelud. that th. Chane.llor's finding was
contrary to th. evidene. and that a final
and binding oral conlraet of employm.nt
which did not contain a restrictive cove-
nant did exist prior to the date the written
contract was signed.
A
Iy,
Q W
probabl
A If
sugg.st
cause
and wa .
f.f;;il....
Job, yo .
that M .....
for th. : .'
A Iii
Q Th
had 1>\ '-,
A Vt.
Q AL
aft.r ~i \,~'"
notifi9t, ~(
quitti~i :"&
Comp' / fW
A D \:vi~
t. ~~t
Q y ~ vJ.~
.~~
~~v: 'I~j
was t . i'~~
\~~~.
J~, .,~
",<l
,,~
...~
GEORGE W. KISTLER, INO, v, O'BRIEN
Clio "". I'ft" 31T A.211 :111
P., 315
i.
At the he.rlnH nllpellee, Kistler, testllled
n. lollows:
llQ /\nd R!\ n result or tho!lC II1cetillf.:S I
Inke It Mr, O'lIr1en decided to come
work lor KI.tler Compnny 1
A Thnt'. right.
o Dnring tho.e meeting., did yon dis.
cuss what his duties would bel
AVes.
Q Did you discuss his nmount of pny 1
AVes.
o Vou discussed his insurance henelits
nnd the rest 01 it 1
A I presume,
Q Blue Cross, Blue Shield. You knew
that he had to lel his then present em-
ployer, Alpo, let Ihem know, give them
notice if hc was going to leave them 1
A I belicve it. I can't recan specificnl-
Iy,
Q Would you agree that you were
probably aware of that 1
A If it were my choice I would have
suggested he givc them two weeks be-
cause I wouldn't want someone to leave
and walk out the door the same way,
Q So at some period of time two weeks
before he started work physically on the
job, l'OU were aware that Mr. Kistler, or
that Mr. O'Brien was coming to work
for the Kistler Company 1
A [imagine, yes.
o That Ihc terms of the relationship
hnd been agreed upon: right 1
A Yes.
o And that you knew that he had then.
after coming to that agreement with you,
noti lied his then employer that he was
quitting that work with the Alpo
Company 1
A Did you say did we notify them 1
o Vou realized that he would then
have to notify Alpo that he had come to
an arrangement with you and that he
was leaving them 1
AVes.
Q Now nt the time thnt you mnde th",e
nrrnnRcments with Mr. O'Brien, And
prior to hi. notlfyinH his then employer.
Alpo, thnl he was len\'iuH their employ
nnd coming with you, did you hnve Mr.
O'Brien sign any restrictive covenant
thnt wns n condition of his cmployment
with the Kistler Compnny 1
A What's the lime of this 1 Vou nre
saying prior to his leaving Alpo 1
Q And nt the time that you mnde the
arrangements with Mr. O'Brien (or his
employment with the Kistler Company,
which you have now tc&tificd was at
least Iwo nnd maybe threc to four
weeks prior to his nctual physical arrival
on the scene, did you have Mr. O'Brien
sign any alleged restrictive covenant
with respect to the Kistler Company 1
A I can't think if it was signed two
weeks or greater.
o So the answer to that is no;
corre:t?
A No."
Under the law of this Commonwealth it
has been held that even where a later for-
mal document is contemplated. parties may
bind themselves contractually prior to the
execution of the written document through
mutual mani fcstations of assent. Restate-
ment of Contracts ~ 26 (1932); Hatalo.
wiclJ v. Rcdct'clopmcnt AlIt/lOrit)' of J\fonts.
"n, 454 Pa, 481, 486. JI2 A.2d 22 (1973);
Field v, Golden Triangle Broodeolling
lne,. 451 Pa, 410, 418, 305 A.2d 689' (1973),
Thlls evidence of mutual assent to employ
and be employed which contains all the ele-
ments of a contract may be construed as a
binding contract of employment though not
reduced to writing. Under this test, it is
clear that the testimony recited above re.
quires a finding of the existence of an oral
contract of employment at leasl two weeks
prior to the written contract. Not only
waS it agreed that O'Brien would cease
working for his present employer and be.
gin working for Kistler, but all aspects of
316 Pa,
347 ATLANTIC REPOR.TER, 2d SER.IES
the employment relationship such as WtlJ:CS,
duties and benefits were nbo DJ:reed upon.
Kistler's testimony admits l11utual Rssent
regarding the employment. Moreover,
there W3!\ no evidence that the parties un..
derstood that O'Brien uwas not to become
a regular employee until he signed the re-
strictive covenant, nnd was not to receive
nny commissions. . or other confi-
dential in (ormation prior to that time.1t
Nalianal Clltllllrare!l Corporalioll of New
York, Ine, v, 80galill, 233 r'supp. 802
(19&1), Indeed the record establishes that
both parties understood that O'Brien was
to leave his then employment and hecome a
regular employee of Kistler without any
promise not to engage in a competitive
enterprise.3
Having concluded that a valid oral con-
tract of employment, without a covenant to
compete, existed prior to the written con..
tract of emplo)'ment, we cannot accept the
Chancellor's view that the employment it-
self constituted the consideration for the
covenant. In our judgment, such consider..
ation would clearly be past consideration.
[6-9] While a restrictive covenant, in
order to be valid need not appear in the
initial contract, if it is agreed upon at
some' later time it must be supported by
new consideration. See ftlointcnotlcc Spe.
dallies Ine, v, GOI/"I, 455 Pa, 327, 331,
314 A.2d 279, 281 (1974): Jaeoblo" 6-
Company 'V. lnternalional Environ",ent
Corpora/ion_ l"pra, As stated by the Su-
preme Court of North Carolina:
3. Thla evidence 0110 rah~(,H R serlouK queHtfon
os to the emlllo)'er's need Cor the ro\'enflnt.
However, as stated In Cn. I, lnrra, ~'e neecJ
not resch that question here.
4. "'0 recognize thnt Ihere IH n dlrrerence or
opinion on this subject throu.:llout IhiH roun-
tr,.. There ore Rome JurhullctlollH thot hold
tbat wbere Ihe emlllormenl Is at ~'III. n
subsequent ngreemeot C'Ootalning R co\'cnant
not to compete ~'Ill be upheld ~'hcre Ihe
emplo)'ment Is ('Qntinue~1 In reHanee UllOn the
('Q\'enant not to C'Omllete. See lA. Corbin on
Contracts, I 110 (8u(II,.1071). On the other
hand, other courts ha\'e gone Curtlter than
tblll jurisdiction nnd beld that a contract at
II . when the relationship of em.
player and emplo)'ee is alread)' estah.
lished without a re~trictive covenant, any
agreement thereafter not to compete
must he in the nature of a new contract
based upon a new consideration." JaUlrl
C, Grerlle ", Kelley, 261 N.C. 166, 168,
1J.l S.E.2d 166, 167 (19&1),
r.eognized th
strictive cove
quate consider
than whether
husiness or
Thus it is si
tinue to trea
were distinct
ment of a cov
Furthermore, we have stated that continua.
tion of the employment relationship at the
time the written contract was signed was
not su f(icient consideration for the cove..
nant despite the fact that the employment
relationship was terminable at the will of
either party, See particularly, Mainle-
nanc," Spcciallics Inc. v. Goltus, supra..c
(Concurring Opinion, Jones, C. J.. joined
by Eagen, Pomero)', Nix, J],). Thus the
covenant which is the basis of this action
is not enforceable for lack of consideration
and the decree of the court below must be
reversed..1I
The pertln
a unanimous
Eqllip"'enl C
628-29, 136 A
II\Ve have
tracts con
an employ
mination
facie enfo
limited a.
graphical
Vemillo,
672; PI"
1953, 373
R,2d 91,
ably limit
ritory an
reasonabl
of the e
posing u
. . . I
Decree reversed. Costs on appellee.
ROBERTS, J" filed a concurring opinion
in which JONES, C, J" joins,
EAGEN, O'BRIEN and MANDERINO,
J]" concur in the result,
ROBERTS, Justice (concurring),
While [ agree that the eo"enant in this
case is not specifically enforcib1e, I cannot
agree that the case can usefully be ana-
lyzed in terms of "consideration." It is
true that our cases have sometimes used
that language, but it has been explicitly
516(f) (1
will wJll never BUl11lOrt R covcnant not to
compete. Auociat,.d IJairit', Ino. v. ROil
Mon Form.. 200 TenD. 268, 320 8.W.2d 4M
(SUII.Ct. or Tenn.10:iO).
5, The Real nnel $1.00 nominal conshleratJon
Cor the rovenant recited In the clause are
Insurtlclent to 'Hullllort equitable enrorcement
or a restrictive co\'cnant which Is not C.\'ored
In our Jaw. See J:Cllerally Jfointcnonce
8pccioltit' Inc. 'V. 0011"" 4M Po. 321. 814
A.2d 270 (1074) (Concurring Opinion, Jones,
C. J.). See a1ll0, Oomper. \I. Rochtlltr. ISO
Po. 104 (1867) and 1.\ Corbin on Contracts,
I :!lI2 (10113),
"The d
another r;
the valid
compete. ,! I
Cleaver .'.
A, Sl1 f 'l
enants a t~'
supporte '.;
eraticn, :.'
tion is I. ,:'"
"In th;J
sale of ii.l
fully pc ''lJ
agreeme u:~
the selle ~ii
pureh.s "\i
from thj
'&oR". 1
OEOROE W, KISTLER, INO, v, O'BRIEN
Cllttl,I, 11..,.311 A.21t 311
I'll. :117
,
,
, I "..hll> 01 em-
Ilrendy e'lnh-
/.:ovennntt An)'
to compete
j ne\V contrnct
1 lion.1I }lUlltl
i I,C. 166, 16R,
i
II hnt continlln-
ooship nt Ihe
:! signed wns
I.
: ,or the CO\'C"
!, employmeot
:t the will 01
i.rly, Alain/r-
111111, supra."
C, ]" joined
), Thlls the
')1 this action
consideration
clow must be
rccol-:lIlzccl that the IIUC!\tiul1 whether n re-
~tricti\'e covenant Is "AUllllUrted hy rule-
CIliate cOl1sidcrntionll tllrn~ un nnthil1Jt l1ture
thall whether it WAS Ancillary to n Allie or Il
hmincA~ or the tnkitl~ or elllplo)'menl.
Thu~ it iA Ail11lll)' conhl5illl{ lor tift to COlt-
,111m: to treat the!ll! Illll.!\tiOIl!l n! if they
were tlistlllct 'IrcfIUirclI1cnt!l" for enforce-
ment of n covenant not to compete.
The pertlllellt nllnly.l. wn. well stnled by
it unanimous Court in Morgan's 1/ome
Bqnitllwll Curt, t', Mar/llcci, 39f1 I'n. 618,
628-29, 136 A.2d 838, 844-15 (1957) :
"\Ve have held that employment COlla
tractg containin~ general covenants by
an employe not to COlnllcte a her the lera
lIIination of his employment arc prima
facie enforcible if they arc reasonnh1y
limited as to duration of time and geo.
graphical extent. Seligman & Lal:: v.
Vrrllillo, 1955, 382 Pa, 161, 114 A.2<1
672; Pluukett Chemical Co. t'. Reeve,
1953, 373 I'n. 513, 95 A.2<1 925, 43 A,L,
R.2d 91. General coovenants are reason..
ably limitcd il they arc 'within slleh ter-
ritory and during such time as may be
reasonably necessary for the protection
of the emlllo)'cr . . . without im..
posing undue hardship on the employee
. . .' Restatement, Contracts, ~
516(1) (1932),
coanl in this
hie, I cannot
ully be ana-
tion." It is
lctimes used
en explicitly
liThe defendants urge that there is yet
another requirement in Pennsylvania for
the validity of general covennnts not to
compete. They rely IIpon the case 01
Cleaver v. Lalll,arl, 1897, 182 I'n. 285, 37
A. 811 lor the proposition that slIeh cov-
ennnts arc not enforcible unless they are
supported by a real and vnluable consid.
erntion, and contend that real considera.
tion is lacking in the present case.
conslllcrnUon
Ie clauac ore
'I enforcement
/I not Cavored
.1tainltnancc
Pat 321, 314
Ilnlon, Jones,
?OChC8Icr, :ro
on Contracts,
"In the Clcat'cr case a contract for the
sale of creameries was entered into and
lully perlorme<l, SlIbseqllently, a second
agreement was made under seat in which
the seller agrecd not to compete with the
purchaser within a radius of five miles
from the site of the creameries for a pe-
Pa,Rep.347-'49A.2d-'
riml of threc )'l'lln hutll the date of tlH'"
euntrllct, The contract rccitell the pnr.
c!1I\!{C n( the CfcalllCrie!{ U5 hcill~ the CUll'
~iderutiull for the ll~rcelllcnt. Thb
Court IIl'hl thnt whclI the 5l'cotltl ll~rCl"
tlIcnt \\'Il~ tlI:llle, the contrltet of ~:\Il.' h:1I1
"CCIl cumpletely executed. :ulIl that thcre
\\'U5 l1()thll1~ (rulll thl~ first llJ,:reC1l1Cnt
which could u(lcrllte U5 A comddcratiull
for the secoutl, and hencc, the lIJ,:rCCI11Cllt
\V:\5 unrnforcihlc dcspite the presence uf
the .ea\'
"\Vhilt thc opinion in the ClrlJt'rr case
wns couched in tcrllls of consideration, it
is aPIJarcnt that the Court was re{erril1~
to the fact that the g-eneral covenant lIut
to compete \\'as not ancillaf)' to an}' ()rillo
cipa1 transaction. It has long heen thl~
rule at common law, that contracts in re.o
straint o{ trade made indepcndently o{ a
sale of a husiness or contract o{ empluy-
ment are void a5 against public polic)'
regardless of the valuahleness o{ tilt'
consideration exchanged therein. Unitt'li
Slalrs v. .'ldd)'slon Pipe & Slul ell" (,
Cir" 1898. 85 F, 271, 281-282 "Hirolle,l.
1899, 175 U.S. 211. 20 S.Ct, 96, 44 I.. Ell.
136; Mile/leI v, Reynolds, 1 I'.\\'m.. IHI
(K.D.1711); Restntement, Contrnet.. ~
515(e) (1932).
"Since in the case at har the alle~edly
Jacking consideration for the ca\'enallts
was the cmpto)'ment rclationship it!'icl(,
we must inspect the instant agreement tu
see whether in fact it was related to the
taking of employment." (footnotes omit-
ted)
The reasons stated by the majority fur
concluding that the covenant in this case
was not supported by uconsideration" per-
suade me that it was not in {act ancillary
to the contract of the employment, which
was {armed prior to the extraction of the
covenant {rom nppellant. For that rcasUI1
it is unen{orcible and the decree must In:
reversed.
JONES, C. J., joins in this concurring
opinion.
./
,
pFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT pARTNERS/"p
P'lIirllill'
~:
"
/.'-..
/N TIlE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY. pENNSYL VAN/A
v.
ANTHONY BRISELL!
Defendllnt
CIV/L ACTlON--EQUITY
NO. 98-837 Equity Term
PLAINTIFF'S POST PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION HEARING MEMORANDUM
This Memorllndum is submitted in response to the Court's request for IIdditional legal
argument. Plaintill's Counsel believes the issues can be framed as follows:
A. Briselli testified that he first was presented with a draft of the
Agreement on his first day of services to the Partnership, and signed
it without reading, discussing or understanding the implications of the
noncompetition provisions, If Briselli is believed, are the
noncompetition provisions of the Agreement supported by adequate
consideration? Proposed Answer: Yes.
B. The Agreement itself is between the Partnership and Mr. Briselli.
The Partners of the Partnership practice the business of financial
planning through entities other than the Partnership, in particular,
through Professional Financial Advisors, Inc., a registered investment
advisory firm, and through unrelated broker-dealers, registered
investment advisors, and financial industry product providers. May
Brisel/i avoid the noncompetition provisions of the Agreement on the
theory that the Partnership itself does not have any protectible clients
or proprietary methods or information? Proposed Answer: No,
ISSUE A.
Brisel/i's testimony regarding the circumstance surrounding the execution of the Agreement
contradicted the testimony of Malt hew Amos, Managing Partner of the Partnership. Briselli testified
that hc showcd up 10 bcgin pcrlbnning scrviccs to Ihc Partncrship on January J S, 1997, was
prcscnlcd wilh thc ^grccmcnllhat day, and was told by Amos thai hc would havc to sign, Ilc Illrlhcr
tcstificd tlml hc saw thai thc compcnsation scction of thc ^grccmcnt was complctcd 10 his
salisfaclion, and hc sign cd thc Agrccmcnl wilhoutlurthcr rcvicw or discussion, Hc furthcr tcstificd
that hc was not cvcn awarc thcrc was a noncompctilion covcnant inthc ^grccmcnluntil I'laintill's
counscl informed him oflhat fitct after hc terminated his serviccs to thc Partncrship,
Evcn if Brisclli's version of the facts is believed, it is still clear that the noncompetilion
provisions of the Agreement are supported by adequate consideration, When a restrictivc covenant
is contained in the initial contract of employment, consideration for the restrictive covenant is the job
itself. Maintenauce SDecialties v. Gottus, 455 Pa. 327, lit 333, 314 A. 2d 279 (1974) (Chief
Justice Jones concurring); Moderu Lauudrv aud Drvcleaniul! v. FaureI', 370 Pa. Super. 288,
536 A. 2d 409 (1988), This is not a situalion where there is a pre-existing relationship and the
noncompetition provisions are foisted upon the employee or contractor with no additional
consideration; even under Briselli's testimony, the agreement was submitted to him at the
commencement of the relationship. The fact that Briselli is an independent contractor and not an
employee further weakens Briselli's lack of consideration argument-othc independent contractor
relationship lacks the "at will" attributes of the employment relationship, and there lire clear, mutual
benefits and promises on both sides of the Agreement.
In essence, what Briselli is arguing is that he should not be bound to the noncompetition
provisions of his agreement because they were not explained to him and he did not read them, There
is no requirement that someone seeking a restrictive covenant from another party to a contract has
a duty to explain and discuss the provision. A party cannot cscape his contractual undertakings
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merely because he docs nol read Ihe contract. The Court is 10 be governed by Ihe fbur corners oflhe
document and may nol rewrite the conlract to benefit n pnrly who has Ihiled to prolect himselr
Dllnks Ellllinccrin2 Co.. Inc. \'. Pnlnns, 697 A. 2d 1020, 1023 (I'n. Snllcr. 1997).
[C]ol1lracting parties lire normally bound by their agreemenls, without
regard to whelher the lerms Ihereof were read and Hilly understood
and irrespeclive of whether the agreemenls embodied reasonable or
good bargains. (Citations Omilled). Igllo/'{/lIfla 11011 t!.Yt'II.ml,
Simcone v. Simeone, 525 PII. 392, 400, 581 A. 2d 162, 165 (1990).
ISSUE B
A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners a business
for profit. 15 Pa. C. S. Section 8311 (II). The business of the Plaintiff Partnership is financial
planning. The Partners of the Partnership carry on this business through a number of different
entities. The testimony established that one of these entities, Professional Financial Advisors, Inc..
is owned by the Partners. Each of the Partners is also a shareholder of Professional Financial
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Advisors, Inc, Clients sign an engagement agreement with Professional Financial Advisors, Inc.,
which charges a fee for planning services. Each of the Partners also derives substantial revenue from
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the sale of financial industry products through unrelated entities. The testimony also indicated that
the Partners share clients and divide commission revenue depending on which individuals are involved
in the particular client's case.
To argue that this arrangement means that the Partnership itself has no protectible clients or
proprietary methods or information is to elevate form over substance. The substance is that Briselli
contracted with the Partnership, agreed to limitations on his right to divert proprietary information
and clients to his own benefit, and the Partners of the Partnership shared proprietary information and
3
clicnts with him, Thc clicnts IInd mcthods clcllrly bclongcd to thc Pllrtncrs, who hlld IIgrccd by
forming II Partncrship to carry on thcir busincss in conccrt. If thc Pllrtncrship had no clicnts or
busincss mcthods, thcn how could Drisclli pcrlorm scrviccs lor thc Pllrtncrship? Acccpting Drisclli's
IIrgument csscntially rcndcrs thc cntirc Agrccmcnt a nullity. A contract should bc intcrprctcd to givc
clTcctto its gcncral purposc, Pl'itchlll'd v. Wick, 406 "II, 598,178 A, 2d 725 (1962), Dcforc a
court will interprct II provision in II contract in such a way to mllkc thc contract incO'cctivc to
accomplish its purposc, it will endcllvor to find IIn interprctlltion which will elTectuate the rCllsonable
result intended. Laudi!! v. Llludl!!. 425 Pa. Super. 228, 624 A. 2d 651 (1993). PlaintilTsubmits
that this position urged by Briselli violates thcse Itmdamental mles of contract interpretation,
PlaintilTurges the Court to return to the Agrcement itselfin considering this IIrgument. By
signing the Agrcement, Briselli himself conceded that he would be exposed to proprietary information
and client records that would be protected. Briselli specifically acknowledgcd the appropriateness
of injunctive reliefin paragraph 13 of the Agreement to protect the proprietary information. These
lire essential elements of the Agreementthllt should not be disregarded.
PlaintifTfeels two remaining points of the Agreement deserve mention. Paragraph 9 E. ofthe
Agreement provides that any claim or cause of action by the contractor against the Partnership shall
not constitute a defense to the enforcement of the restrictive covenants. Briselli made much of the
argument that he is entitled to $2,000.00 in additional compensation he never received under the
Agreement. PlaintilT submits that Briselli was only entitled to a total of $18,000.00 under the
Agreement, he received that sum. and in fact he rcceived considerably more on top of that sum in
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commission rcvcnuc which was sharcd with him. Howcvcr, cvcn if Brisclli is corrcct in his
intcrprctation of thc Agrccmcnt, Pnragraph 9 E, prcvcnts this from bcing a dclcnsc.
Finally, paragraph 16 of thc Agrccmcnt providcs that thc tcrms of thc Agrccmcnt are
scvcrablc. Plaintif1's position, as outlincd inthc prc-hcaring mcmorandum, is that all of thc rcstrictive
covcnants of thc Agrccmcnt arc cnlorccablc. Evcn if thc gcographic rcstriction is discardcd as
ovcrbroad, at thc Icast, Plnintilr submits that Brisclli should bc enjoincd Irom doing busincss with all
those individuals who wert~ on Plnintifl's datnbase at the time of Briselli's terminntion, and he should
be enjoined from doing business with Mr. D'Agostino, under the authority of Paragraph 9 C.
3/1/1(C{
Respectfully Submitted,
l;;L~
Atty. ID #44864
4775 Linglestown Road, Suite 200
Harrisburg, P A 17112
717-671-1958
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF
5
othcr things, it IIl10ws IIn indlvidlllll, Iikc IIrisclli, wilh no prior IInllncilll scrviccs indllslry cxpcricncc
10 log thc timc III1lI cxpcricncc ncccss/lIY to hccomc 1IIIIIssocilltcd pcrson of II rcgistcrcd invcstmcnt
advisory linn.
IIrisclli inilllllcd conlllct wilh MlIlIhcw Amos, managing partncr of the Partnership, on the
bllsis of II IIcll Alllllltlc Ycllow pllgc IIdvcrliscmcllt, dming the summer of 1996. Briselli sent his
rcsnmc IInd il1llllircd IIhOll1 cmploymcnlopporlunities, During late 1996, Amos, Briselli, and the
othcr Pllrtncrs IUIlII1 scrics ol'inlcrvicws. Amos urged Briselli to take the necessary examinations to
ljullllly Ihr his scclllitlcs' Iiccnscs, IInd Amos agrecd to act as Briselli's sponsor to allow him to sit for
Ihe eXllminlllions. Allcr IIlisc\li hlld tllkcn thll exams, Amos, on behalf of the Partnership. and Briselli
IIgrced to II compcnslltlon liglll'e IInd scope of dUlies for Briselli. These provisions were incorporated
into II droll of thc Agrccmcnl which was submitted to Briselli and discussed with him. Amos
cxplained to IIrisclli Ihllt hc would bc trcalcd as an independent contractor and would have to
execute thc writtcn Agrcemcnt governing the relationship. A final draft of the Agreement was
tcndered to Urisclli for cxcclltion prior to thc time that Briselli commenced his duties. Amos
pcrsonally prcparcd thc Agrcemcnt, and inscrted thc January 15, 1997 date, as he anticipated this
would be thc dllle ofBlisclli's tirst compcnsation check from the Partnership. Briselli began working
lor the Partncrship at the bcginning of 1997. Urisclli was reminded by Amos that he had to sign the
Agreemcnt, IInd Amos cxplllincd tlllll Ilrisclli would not be paid until he signed the Agreement.
Ulisclli tinally signcd Ihc Agrccmcnl inlale January, 1997 and bcfore Febmary 3, 1997, at which time
he rcceivcd his lil'st chcck. Thc noncompctition provisions orthe Agreement were not changed from
2
the original fonn submitted to Briselli prior to January I. 1997, Briselli never questioned or objected
to any of the noncompetition provisions,
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The Partnership employs a number of unique, proprietary methods of obtaining and doing
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business. The Partners emphasize an interdisciplinary approach, integrating tax, legal. financial, and
fiduciary considerations. They have developed an elaborate diagnostic approach to a client's financial
picture, with specific steps in the process. The Partnership has developed special expertise in financial
planning for state employees, and a large percentage ofthe Partnership's clientele are state employees.
The partners of the Partnership have many contacts and referral sources within the state government,
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particularly within the State Employees' Retirement System, its related entities, and the State Police.
The partners have developed particular expertise in tailoring investment plans to complement the
State Employees' Retirement System (SERS) pension benefits, and the Partnership has retained Aldo
Mastrine, fonner head of the SERS, as a consultant. The Partnership has gone so far as to lobby for
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changes to the state pension system through elected representatives. The Partnership also sponsors
a series of seminars for state employees and the public on financial, estate, and retirement planning,
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as well as an annual charitable golf event which boosts the image of the Partnership while providing
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tens of thousands of dollars to area charities. Briselli was the beneficiary of all of these activities. and
the members of the Partnership expended considerable time and effort in Briselli's training, He
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accompanied other planners on appointments and client meetings throughout the state of
Pennsylvania. and received leads and referrals from the partners.
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On JllnnlllY h, IljlIH, III iselli ICllnlnlllcd his scrviccs under the Agreelllent, The partners IlIter
ICllmcd Ihllt IlIlscllllllUllclllovcd his )lcrsonnel IiIc, several c1icllt liles, and had printed and removed
copics OfPIll)lllcIIllY cllcnlllllll )llllspccllisls Illlm thc PllI1ncrship's computer database, The partners
IIlso ICllmcd Ihlll lIr1sclll conllnucs 10 cngllgc in thc sllle of insurance and IInnuities from the same
cOIll)lllnlcs uscd hy Ihc PllIlncrship, IInd IIrisclli is sclling to preexisling contacts and actual clients of
Ihc )lllllllcrshl)l. ConnsclllJr Ihc Pnrlncrship wrote Oriselli on Jnnuary 16. 1998 requesting return of
the IlIl1tcrinls rClllovcd nnd reminding Ilriselli of the contents of the Agreement, Sriselli never
rcs)londed, nnd Ihe prescnt nClion was initialed on February II. 1998.
II. DISCUSSION
Restrictive covenants have traditionally been tested in the context of employment agreements
or agreements for the sale ofa business. Recent cases have made it clear that such covenants are also
enforceable in independent contractor agreements, Ouaker City Enl!ine Rebuilders. Inc. v.
Toscllno, 369 I'll. Super. 573, 535 A, 2d 1083 (1987), as well as other contexts, such as
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Iranchisor/lranchisee, Piercinl! I'al!oda. Inc, v. Hoffner, 465 Pa. 500, 351 A. 2d 207 (1976); and
insurance com)lany/corporate agenl, Volunteer Firemen's Ins. Services. Inc. v. Cil!na Property
IInd Cllsulllty Insurance Al!encv, _ Pa. Super,
, 693 A. 2d 1330 (1997). A good
summary of the current state of the law is contained in the article, "Expandipg Scope of Non-
Competition Agreements" in the most recent issue of the Pennsvlvania Bar Association
Onarterlv, Volume LXIX, No.1 (Jannary, 1998).
4
Thc mitior l)ucstion is whcthcr thc rcslliction inl)ucstilln is rCllsonllbly limitcd in durntionllnd
gcographic cxtcnl. Thc rcstrictions contllincd in pllragraph 9 of thc ^grccmcnt clln bc summllrizcd
as follows:
I. Mr. Brisclli cannot pcrform scrviccs for, own, manllgc or bc employcd by II firm
which competcs with thc Partncrship as an invcstment advisor, financial planner, securities or
commodities brokerage finn, investment banking concern, or investment instrument sales
organization, for a period offour years within the state of Pennsylvania. (9. A, 9. D. 1,3, and 4.)
2. Mr. Briselli cannot act as act as a financial planner. investment advisor, broker,
agent or salesman or handle any investment, banking, financial planning, brokerage or other securities
business for clients of the Partnership active in the four year period prior to the termination date of
Mr. Briselli's services. (9. B.)
3. Mr. Briselli cannot cause anyone performing services for the Partnership to cease
performing services for the Partnership for the purpose of having such persons perform services to
Mr. Briselli or his successor firm. (9. C.)
Restrictions prohibiting diversion of existing clients of a firm for the exiting employee's benefit
or the benefit of the employee's new firm are practically per se reasonable, See the discussion of this
issue in Judge Oler's decision in LlIwco.lnc. v. Greenfield. et al., 45 Cumbo 31 (1995). Judge Oler
cites with approval the following language from Sidco PaDer ComDanv V. Aaron, 465 Pa. 586, at
593-594,351 A. 2d 250, at 253-254 (1976):
"[It is argued that w]hen [the employee] leaves the company he should
no more be permitted to try to divert to his own benefit the product
of his employment than to abscond with the company's cashbox,"
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Thc rC1l1 issuc is whcthcr Ihc lillii' YCllr!('onul1onwcllllh or I'cl1nsylvllnin limillltion is
rCllsol1llulc. Whllllimits liS to Ilclivity, gcogrnphiclll nrcllllnd limc Ilrc IlPPl'llprilllc dcpcnd on nil thc
circumstllnccs, LlIwcll.lnc" 51111rll, lit 41, ciling I{csllltcmcnl IScclIndlllfClIntrllct5 Scctllln 188,
commcnt d (1979). Judgc Olcr Irnmcd thc inquiry liS lollows:
" "Thc rcnsonllulcncss of Ihc tcmpornl nnd gcogrnphic nspccts of n
rcstriclivc covcnant must uc dctcrmincd in light of the nnture of thc
cmploycr's intcrcst sought 10 bc protcctcd." Boldt MlIchinerv &
Tools. Inc. v, Wllllllce, 469 PIl. 504, 513, 366 A, 2d 902, 907
(1976). . ,
With rcgllrd to the tcmporal aspects of a covcnant not to compete
incident to an employment relationship, "restraints of [a 5-year]
duration have been upheld in a wide variety of situations by courts in
other jurisdictions." Id. Ilt 515, 366 A. 2d Ilt 908. In this regard,
"[f]requency of [customer] contact may. . . control or affect the
permissible period of restraint. . . [1]1' the contact is less frequent, a
longer period of restraint may be reasonable. (citation omitted).
With regard to the geogrnphic aspect of a covenant not to compete,
"[t]he principle of customer-contact protection finds its expression in
the general rule that the territorial restraint in a covenant not to
compete will, generally speaking, be considered reasonable if the area
covered by the restraint is limited to the territory in which the
employee was able, during the term of his employment, to establish
contact with his employer's customers." Annot" 43 A. L, R. 2d 94,
162 (1955). In appropriate circumstances, a covenant encompassing
the area of an entire country may be upheld. See, e. g. Plunkett
Chemiclll Co, Reeve, 373 PIl, 513,95 A. 2d 925, 43 A, L. R. 2d 91
(1953) (United States),
Lllwco. Inc. Ilt 42. See also Volunteer Firemen's Insurance, Supra (entire United States).
7
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Whcrc rcasonablcncss of a covcnant nol to compctc is nn issuc. thc pnrty asscrting
unrcasonablcncss bcars the burdcn of proof. tawco. Inc. at 42, citing John G. Brvant Co. Inc.
v. Slltll! Tcstlnl! nnl.l Rcnlllr. Inc. 4711'a. 1,369 A. 21.11164 (1977).
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Applying these tests to the covcnant in this case shows the c1car rcasonableness of the
covcnant. Thc Partncrship will show that thcy havc clicnts throughout the statc of Pennsylvania
(again. mostly statc cmployccs). While the c1icnt relationships may cxtcnd ovcr a numbcr of years.
many clients will bccome inactive for several years and rcturn to the Partnership for business when
their financial or family circumstances change. This is precisely the type of case where thc geographic
area and the duration of the noncompete are closely tailored to the legitimate needs of the employer.
The Cumberland County Court has reported a number of decisions enforcing restrictive
covenants in similar cases. In addition to the tawco case which issued a five year/250 mile radius
preliminary injunction, other recent decisions include Judge Hess's issuance of a preliminary injunction
in Wood Co, v, Hickev, 40 Cumbo 511 (1990); and Newport Professional Corp. V. Tanner, 42
Cumbo 376 (1991) (Judge Bayley). The undersigned counsel recently appeared before Judge Bayley
in a currently unreported case in which Judge Bayley issued a preliminary injunction against a new
employee of the undersigned counsel's client, Eclipse. Inc. v. Stephanie Miller et al., 97-6077
Equity (Order and Opinion Attached).
Under Rule \531 (b) (I) & (2), the Partnership will have to post a bond to secure the
injunction. Most of the Cumberland County cases have required only a nominal bond amount
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ECLIPSE, L TO,
PLAINTIFF
V,
STEPHANIE MILLER and
SHARLENE BAIR,
d/b/a Bliss Full Service
Salon,
DEFENDANT
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
97-6077 EQUITY TERM
IN RE: PETITION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
OPINION
BAYLEY, J., December 11, 1997:--
Plaintiff, Eclipse, L TO, operates a salon that offers hairstyling and other
personal care services at 101 South Third Street, Lemoyne, Cumberland County, The
Chief Executive Officer of Eclipse, L TO is F, Stephen VanVoorhees, He has operated
a hairstyling salon at this Lemoyne location since 1983, On November 3, 1997,
plaintiff filed a complaint in Equity against defendants, Stephanie Miller and Sharlene
Bair d/b/a Bliss Full Service Salon, Ancillary to the complaint, plaintiff filed a petition
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for a preliminary injunction to restrain Stephanie Miller for a period of one year from
prOViding hairstyling and other personal care services within seven miles of plaintiff's
place of business and to restrain Sharlene Bair from employing Stephanie Miller in
that capacity, On November 20, 1997, a hearing was conducted on the petition for a
preliminary injunction, We find the following facts,
In the summer of 1996, plaintiff advertised for a receptionist. Defendant,
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Stephanie Miller, who was a student In a beauty school, applied for the position,
VanVoorhees thought that defendant could become a good hairstylist so instead of
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hiring her as a receptionist he hired her as a trainee-hairstylist at $4,00 per hour,
97-6077 EQUITY TERM
Defendant worked part-time until she finished beauty school in November, 1996,
Plaintiff provided defendant training that consisted of a twenty step regimen. Each of
the twenty steps Included watching an Instructional video, After studying written
materials pertaining to each video, defendant had to pass a written test. Defendant
would watch other personnel at Eclipse performing the service and marketing
procedures that were the subject of the Instructional videos, and she also performed
those services and procedures, When the services involved the cutting and styling of
hair, defendant would produce a person on whom she would perform that service,
She then was critiqued by her supervisor, Each one of the twenty separate lessons in
this training regimen took approximately a week to complete as the training was
interdisbursed with other activities in the salon, Additionally, defendant received
training by watching videos supplied by vendors who sell products to Eclipse, She
received further informal training by watching and helping hairstylists in the salon,
All of the training was completed by mid-January, 1997, Plaintiff then
presented defendant with an Employment Agreement that contained, Inter alia, the
following:
WHEREAS, Employer desires to employ Employee to render
services as a professional hair stylist and Employee desires to enter
the employ of the Employer on an exclusive basis;
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises
contained herein and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties
hereto agree as follows:
1, Emolovment. The Employer hereby employs the Employee
and the Employee hereby accepts employment upon the terms and
conditions hereinafter set forth,
2, Term. Subject to prOVisions for termination hereinafter
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97.6077 EQUITY TERM
provided, the term of this Employment Agreement shall begin on
January 19th, 1997, and shall end on January 19th, 1998. This
Agreement shall automatically be renewed and extended for a like term
and month to month thereafter with the same terms and conditions, until
terminated by either party giving the other (3) weeks notice of
termination.
3, Compensation. Employer agrees to pay employee for all
services rendered under this Agreement at a rate of $6,00 per hour
until the commission structure becomes larger than the hourly rate.
4. Duties, The Employee shall devote his or her professional
time, attention and energies to the business of the Employer, and shall
not during the term of this Agreement be engaged In any other
professional activity of similar nature without the prior written consent
of the Employer, , , ,
5, Education. The Employer will provide a complete 26 week
training course, (approximately 500 hours of Instruction). Sometime
within the year fOllowing sucessful [sic] completion of the 26 weeks
training, the employer agrees to send the employee at no cost to the
employee for a training class outside the Salon In advanced cutting
and styling. Subject to the condition that if the Employee should leave
the Employer less than two (2) years following the completion of the in.
salon training program course, the Employee will reimburse the
Employer at a rate of $2,000,00, The expense Incurred to the Employer
for the salon training program is NOT to be prorated for any part of the
two years spent after completion of the above course as an Employee,
6, Non.Comoetltlon. In the event Employee withdraws,
resigns, or is terminated from his or her employment the employee
covenants, promises, and agrees to and with Employer, as
consideration for the entry Into this Employment Contract, that the
Employee wll/ not engage In any business or activity of cutting and
styling of hair, for profit nor will he or she engage In the same or
similar business, individually, as a member of a partnership or an officer,
employee, director or stockholder of any corporation, for a period of
one (1) year within a seven (7) mile radius of any office or place of
business of Employer, without the prior written consent of Employer,
7, Termination, The employee hereby agrees that the Employer
may terminate this agreement at any time, for just cause which includes
any violation of the rules and regulations of the Employee manual, In
the event of extended disability by employee, terms and conditions of
this contract can be renegotiated,
8, Exclusivitv of Aareement. This contract constitutes the sole
and complete agreement between the Employer and the Employee. No
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97-6077 EQUITY TERM
verbal or other statements, Inducements or representations have been
made to or relied upon by the Employee and no modifications hereof
shall be binding upon by the Employer unless in writing and signed by it
or Its authorized representative. (Emphasis added,)
Plaintiff and defendant signed the Employment Agreement on January 19,
1997,' Defendant then worked for plaintiff under the terms of the Agreement. Plaintiff
sent defendant to training classes in Reading, Harrisburg and New York City, When
defendant's commission structure became larger than her hourly rate, plaintiff started
paying her the amount of her commissions, Defendant was paid all monies owed to
her pursuant to the Employment Agreement. She received all of the education
provided for in the Agreement.2
Without notice, defendant left the employ of plaintiff on October 23, 1997, She
now works as a hairstylist for defendant Sharlene Balr d/b/a Bliss Full Service Salon,
That business Is located In Wormleysburg, Cumberland County, Wormleysburg is
adjacent to Lemoyne and the Bliss Hair Salon is well within seven miles of plaintiff's
business, Defendant Is an excellent hairstylist. There Is considerable competition in
the hairstyling industry. There are 333 licensed shops In Cumberland County, 355 in
1, The Agreement was misdated 1996 rather than 1997, Plaintiff and
defendant agree that this was a typewritten error,
2, Plaintiff testified that all of the education provided to defendant exceeded
500 hours. Defendant believed that It totalled less than 500 hours, Both parties
agreed that the education, with the exception of the outside classes, was provided
while defendant was a trainee before the Employment Agreement was signed,
Defendant testified that she understood that the 500 hours of Instruction called for
under paragraph 5 of the Agreement referred to the education that she had already
received when she signed the Agreement. The Agreement does not set a time limit
on when the education must be completed,
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Dauphin County and 520 In York County. A substantial number of plaintiff's clients
live within seven miles of Its business in Lemoyne. Location Is a significant factor for
many clients in choosing a hair salon, Some of the clients that defendant provided
services to when she worked for plaintiff have followed her to her employment at the
Bliss Full Service Salon.
A preliminary Injunction seeks to maintain the status quo until the rights of the
parties can be finally adjudicated. New Castle Orthopedic Assoc, v. Burns, 481 Pa,
460 (1978), In T,W. Phillips Gas and 011 Co. v. Peoples Natural Gas Co., 89 Pa,
Commw, 377 (1985), the Commonwealth Court set forth the well-established
standards necessary for the issuance of a preliminary injunction:
A court may grant a preliminary Injunction only where the moving
party establishes the fOliowing familiar elements: (1) the relief Is
necessary to prevent immediate and irreparable harm which cannot be
compensated by damages; (2) greater injury wiii occur from refusing the
injunction than from granting it; (3) the Injunction will restore the parties
to the status quo as it existed immediately before the alleged wrongful
conduct; (4) the alleged wrong Is manifest, and the Injunction is
reasonably suited to abate it; and (5) the plaintiffs right to relief Is clear,
(Citation omitted.)
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In Pennsylvania, an enforceable restrictive covenant must meet three requirements:
(1) the covenant must relate to either a contract for the sale of
goodwiii or other subject property or to a contract for employment;
(2) the covenant must be supported by adequate consideration;
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and
(3) the application of the covenant must be reasonably limited in
both time and territory,
Piercing Pagoda, Inc. v. Hoffner, 465 Pa. 500 (1976),
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97.6077 EQUITY TERM
contract. Notwithstanding, Miller also argues In her brief "[t]hat the failure of formal
training after January 19, 1997 is critical to a determination that the training Is
insufficient consideration to support the Employment Agreement and the restrictive
covenant" We do not have to address this argument because the Employment
Agreement provided Miller with an opportunity to increase her earnings due to the
change In her employment status which alone Is sufficient consideration to support
the restrictive covenant.
Finaily, Miller relates that plaintiff has instituted a separate suit at law seeking to
recover $2,000 from her as reimbursement for the education provided as per
paragraph 5 of the Employment Agreement. Therefore, she maintains that plaintiff
has an adequate remedy at law which requires that this suit In equity be dismissed,
In Schrader v. Heath, 408 Pa. 79 (1962), the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania stated:
In Pa. State Chamber of Commerce v. Torquato, 386 Pa, 306, 125
A.2d 755 (1956), at p, 329, Mr, Justice (now Chief Justice) BELL,
quoting with approval the language used In Pennsylvania Railroad
Company v. Bogert, 209 Pa, 589, 59 A. 100 (1904) said: "The most
comprehensive statement of the rule and the one which has been
foilowed by this court ever since its announcement in 1850 by Judge
KING In Bank of Virginia v, Adams, 1 Parsons, 534, is as foilows: 'To
Induce equity to refuse its aid to a suitor, it Is not sufficient that he may
have some remedy at law, An existing remedy at law to Induce equity
to decline the exercise of its jurisdiction in favor of a suitor must be an
adequate and complete one. And when from the nature and
complications of a given case, its justice can best be reached, by means
of the flexible machinery of a court of equity, In short where a fuil,
perfect and complete remedy cannot be afforded at law, equity extends
its jurisdiction in furtherance of justice,"
The only adequate remedy to enforce a restrictive covenant Is the issuance of
-7-
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97-6077 EQUITY rEAM
an Injunction In equity, Whether plaintiff has a legal remedy or not with respect to
recovering money from Miller pursuant to paragraph 5 of the Employment Agreement
does not divest this court of Jurisdiction to Issue an Injunction to enforce the covenant
in paragraph 6,
For the foregoing reasons, we are satisfied that all of the standards necessary
for the issuance of a preliminary injunction have been met. The covenant is In the
parties' contract of employment, It is supported by adequate consideration, and Its
application Is reasonably limited in both time and territory (one year after resignation
within a seven mile radius of 101 South Third Street, Lemoyne, Pennsylvania), The
relief Is necessary to prevent Immediate and irreparable harm which cannot be
compensated by damages, greater injury will occur from refUSing an injunction than
from granting it, an injunction will restore the parties to the status quo as it existed
.\
,
Immediately before the wrongful conduct of Stephanie Miller, the wrong by Miller is
manifest and Injunction is reasonably suited to abate it, and plaintiff's right to relief Is
clear,3 See, Hayes v. Altman, 424 Pa, 23 (1967),
i
3, We will not enter a preliminary injunction against Sharlene Balr d/b/a Bliss
Full Service Salon because she has no contractual relationship with plaintiff, If the
preliminary Injunction entered against Stephanie Miller takes effect, by virtue of
plaintiff's compliance with paragraph 2 in the injunction, Stephanie Miller is subject to
civil contempt should she continue her employment at the Bliss Full Service Salon at
any time through October 23, 1998,
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97.6077 EQUITY rERM
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
AND NOW, this I, day of December, 1997, IT IS ORDERED:
(1) Defendant, Stephanie Miller, Is preliminary enjoined for a period of one
year starting on October 24, 1997, from violating the provisions of the covenant not to
compete In paragraph 6 of the Employment Agreement entered Into on January 19,
1997,
(2) This preliminary injunction is conditioned upon plaintiff filing a bond or
cash In the amount of $1,000 within fifteen (15) days of this date pursuant to
Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1531 (b)(1) & (2),
Mark A. Mateya, Esquire
For Plaintiff
Joseph A. Curclllo, III, Esquire
For Stephanie Miller
Thomas p, Gacki, Esquire
For Sharlene Bair
:saa
-9.
FEB 1 2 1998lP
PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP
PlaintilT
IN TlfE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
v.
CIVIL ACTION--EQUITY
NO. 91'- r.3'] ~
.-rv.---
(
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)
I
ANTHONY BRISELLI
Defendant
RULE TO SHOW CAUSE
On review of the Complaint in this cause, and on motion of Thomas P. Gacki, attorney for
the Plaintiff, it is crdered that the above named Defendant show cause, if any there be, before this
Court in Courtroom :(, Cumberland County Courthouse, Hanover and High Streets, Carlisle,
pennSYIVania~n 3 - J. , 1998, at Y:'~m. wh~preliminary injunction should not issue during the
, 11 /C..d, J;-..J / 993" ,
pendency 0 liS acllon, accorcing to the pray of the Complamt.
It is further ordered that Plaintifi's counsel shall infonn Defendant of the hearing date and time
by telephone immediately upon scheduling of the hearing. Plaintiff's counsel shall also forward a copy
of this order, Plaintiff's complaint, and Plaintiff's motion to Defendant by ordinary mail at the time of
providing telephone notice.
Fi1J1zW'VCY /3 /99$
,/
BY THE COURT
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J. 2d1A./Arz...d E, (;u,'dtJ .)
II. Parngrnph 8 A. of the Agreement provides that Defendant would keep Petitioner's
Proprietary Inlonnation in confidencc and would not usc Petitioner's Proprietary Information exccpt
in the course of Defendant's perlormance of his duties under the Agreement.
12, Parngrnph 8 B. of the Agreement provides that upon termination of Defendant's services
under the Agreement, Defendant would not remove any Proprietary Information and would return
any Proprietary Information in Defendant's possession to Petitioner.
13. Paragraph 9 of the Agreement provides that Defendant would not, inter alia, engage in
financial planning or securities business with any of Petitioner's clients or with anyone else within the
state of Pennsylvania, for a period of four years following the termination of Defendant's services to
Petitioner. Petitioner has clients, client relationships, and referral sources throughout the state of
Pennsylvania, and Petitioner's relationships with its clients extend over many years.
14. On or about January 6, 1998, Defendant voluntarily terminated his services under the
Agreement
15. Defendant breached the Agreement in the following respects:
A. Prior to terminating his services to Petitioner, Defendant removed his personnel
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file and several client files from the Petitioner's business premises, Defendant also printed and
removed copies of proprietary client and prospecllists from Petitioner's computer database. Despite
3
dcmllnd. Dctclldllnt hils rclhsed to return thesc items, his otlicc kcys IInd other Proprietllry
Information in his possession to Pctitioner.
B, Defcndant is cngaging in the financial planning business In thc statc of
Pennsylvania. including selling financial services industry products to clients or fonner clients of
Petitioner.
C. Petitioner further bclieves and thereforc avers that Defendant is using proprietary
marketing techniques and information developed by Petitioner to pursue his own financial planning
business.
16. The aforesaid breaches of the Agreement by Defendant have caused and continue to
cause irreparable harm to Petitioner for which a remedy at law for damages is not adequate.
17. Defendant agreed in Paragraph 13 of the Agreement that Petitioner would be entitled to
injunctive relief for the breaches committed by Defendant
18, Greater harm will result from the denial ofinjunclive relief than from granting injunctive
relief.
19. A preliminary injunction will act to preserve the status quo pending a full hearing on the
merits.
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FE8~04-9B WED 19:40
FAX NO, 7177300-'~
P,02
. ,
PARA-PLANNER, FINANCIAL ADVISOR TRAINEE,
AND
INDEPENDANT CONTRACOOn
AGREEMENT
This Agreement Is daled Ihe FIFTENTII day of JANUARY, 1997, bclwecn the PFA GENERAL
PURPOSE EXP.ENCE ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP ("PFA GPEAP") and ANTHONY BRlSELLI
("CON'I'KAl:'I'UK").
1. INDEPENDANT CONTRACTOR RF.T.ATIONSHIP. PFA C:PF.AP ne"'''' In nnd dOM bereby
retain Ule CONTRACI'OR as nn INDEPENDANT CONTRACfOR, and Ihe CONTRACI'OR
agrees to serve PFA GPEAP in such capacity upon the tcrnu and conditions ofU.is AGREEMENT,
2. TERM. This AGREEMENT shall be lenoin.led by elllter party upon 3D DAYS NOTICE. This
AGREEMENT shall be hnmedJalely lermlnable by PFA GPEAI' ot any time in the evenl of
dishonesty, gross negligence, incompetence or morullutpilude of the CONTRACfOR or any failure
by lhe CONTRACTOR lu perCunu hi. dul;.. hmundct or otherwise comply with and observe the
covenant. and .sre....cnt m.do by CONTRACTOR bor'Wlder, 'fbl. ACREEMENT oImlltcnnlnalc
automatically by the death ofthe CONTRACfOR or by lite dissolution ofPFA GPEAP or Its
discontinuance in the practice ofrmanclal planning and sale of financial services Industry products.
3. . COMPENSATION, FOI' all scl\'ict:S rendered to PFA GPEAP, by the CONTRACTOR shall
receive 3!i COMPENSATION 1HOOO.00 nOLl.AllS. TWO THOI1SANn nOLLAR.C; .bAII
represent n bonll5 and "examination expense relmbursemene' for successfully obtaining passing
scores on the following exams: Pennsylvania Life and Health IllSl1I1Ulce, Series 63, 6S and Series 7.
The b.l.nllC wlU repre.eol COMPENSATION 10 be ]ToIlcl for services reodered lhrough Dccember
31,1997, The CONTRACfOR will receive twenty four 750,00 DOLLARS payments to be paid on
the Fifteenth and thc last day of eacb cnIendu month,
4. CONTRACTED SERVICES, The CONTRACTOR will fulfilling contraC1uAl obligations oflhls
AGREEMENT throuGh pravlclins tho following ..",i..":
A. Provide para-planner service from 8:00am to 1I:00am Monday DU'ough FridaY.
U. Provide Ilnnnclal planning analysis of client circumstance from] 1 :OOIllI\ to 12:0Dpm and
12:3Opm to 2:00pm Monday through Friday,
C. Provide markedng and firm client development.,ervle... frnm ?:OOpm 10 5:00pm nnd 6:00pm
to the end of the time frame required 10 complcte the services rendered,
D. Provide FblllDclal Advisor trainco scrvic"" sel up J S client appointments per week or 3 elients
per day ItDd mulnnlln u conststenl nve new elleal relDllonshJps established per month .1ll1 a
referral base of20 new referrals per week,
E. Provide Finanei.l Advisor Trainee services thai nllow for the fulfillment of other ancUlary
goals and objectives of lite Contractor andPFA GrEAr,
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s. Ii:XTENT OF SERVICES, '1110 CONTRACTOR .hall devoto cuch limo:md offort to PFA CPEAP
business as Is reasonably noeess"'Y to the performance of CONTRACTOR'S duties B5 a PARA.
PLANNER, and FINANCIAL ADVlSOR TRAINEE, CONTRAcroR agrees to perform such
service, diligently. consclentioll5ly, and to the best of his abilities, and shall oot intentionally take any
action ngnlnsl the besl interest ofPFA GrEAI' or its clients, Tbe CONTRAcroR agrees 10 abide
by all applicable rules and "'eulations of the NASD, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the
PcmuylvlUli. Securities Commission, And Any applicable governmental authority whieh pertains 10 his
activitles for PFA GP.EAP Or nny other rel.ted business entlty, The CONTRACTOR fUl1her agrees
to nbidc by aU tlpplicoblc rulc::s ami rr;ulO1tions ofPFA GPEAP. from tilUe to tjm~ adoph:l.l, hl.n:giUll
R.....16....
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O~-t),I-~U 07:~'rM ro~~ 1$43
t\ ,. ~}.I '...
FEB-04-98 ~IED 19: 41
FAX NO. 71773007~n
p, 03
to it. PARA.PLANNERS, FINANCIAL ADVlson lltAlNEns, AND INDEPENDANT
CONTRACTORS,
6, ~ONF1DENTlAL INFORMA nON OF OTJIRRS, The CONTRACTOR represenls that his duti.~
wllh PFA GPEAP will no. require him 10 violate allY obligation tu ur confidence of another,
7, PROPRJET AR Y INFORMA TIOl!!, As used heroin, the.erm '<PROPRJJrrARY
INFORMATION" moan,:
A. Lists of or olberreeord.! pertaining to I'~'A GI'EAP cHents or prospective client!. whether
kept or maintained by PFA GPIlAP or the CONTRACTOR, and whether or not tho cllont
or prospective clleot was first COn !acted, soliciled, or produccd lbr PFA GPEAP by Ihc
r:ONTRAf:TOR,." well.. .ny .nd.1I fnfonn'llor1 <onlainad in ruoh II... or oth...
RECORDS ("CLIENT RECORDS"); ond
g, Any othor infonnDlfon of. confldanlAl, propriotoly, or secret u.turo \'Ililell ;. UIIUOY lie
applicable 10, or related in any way \0 the bu.lnoss of, PFA GPEAP,lncluding, by way of
eXllmple and uotllulilation, daw, knuw how, technique., marketing plans or .!rlllegies, and
the terms ofcontIacts or amoKements with vcndors offmancfa) servjces Industry products:
and
C, All ftnnncial information and rocotW; relaUng 10 PFA GPEAP'S ell.ob.
8. rROPRrn'r-\RY INFORMATION TO BE KEPT IN CONFlDNF.CE.
A, CONTRACTOR acknowledges that the PROPRJJrrARY INFORMA nON Is 8 special,
vaJuable. and unlque assCI ofPFA GPEAP and CONTRACTOR "l/1'l!e., at all lim... dur;ne
the period ofbi. or ber sorvlces for PFA GPEAP and thereafter tn keep In conliclence and
\nIst.1I PR.OPRfETAR.Y INFORMATION. CONTRACTOR agree, that during the
period of his services to PFA GPEAP and thereafter he will oot directly or indirectly use the
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION otherthnn In the course orpcrlOrmlllg dull.. as 3
CONTRACTOR ofPFA Gl'EAP, nor will the CONTRACTOR directly or IndlrCctly
disclose any PROPlUETARY INFORMATION or anything relnting thcrelo to anyperson
or enlilY, excepI in the cour.., ofpenormlne dnti... n. r:ONTRACTOR ofPFA. CPE.U> and
with the consent of PFA GPEAP, CONTRACTOR will abide by PFA CPEAP'S policies
IlOd r.QUI.nons.. ..t.bUohad from tIm. to limo, for the protection of II. I'ROI'IUllTARV
INFORMATION,
B, Upon the lennlnatfon o(selvlces lU!'FA GPEAP'S pursuanll() litis AGIUlEMEN'1',
rcgurdless ofcircumSlances, CONTRACTOR agteesnollOl'CtIloVC any PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION from I'FA GPEAP'S omc.s, .ill1er In an or/gloal Conn Or in dupliCllle or
copie.. therel7om, nnd nl!Tt.t... nn' '0 IT:lIl.1aUI any such proprietary informal;on verbally, In
Odditloo, CONTRACTOR will promptly deliver to fFA GPEAP'S all documeots, data,
J"Ccorcb and other InfonUAdou I"ctalulug Iu his Sl:l vil.."1::I tu PFA OrEAr'S. WId
CONTRACTOR shall notlBke any documents or dati, containing or pettlining 10 any
l'ROP!(II!:J'AN v 1I'U'URMAl'lUN,
9. RESTRTCTIVE COVENANTS
A. CONllUCTOR agrees lbat he will no~ directiy or indirectly, during the "RESTRICTIVE
COVENANTS PERIOD" .nd wirhln tho -RESTRICTED AREA", u. hereinanur dufinu<l,
perform scrvfces Cor, own, manage, or be employed by any "RESTRlCl'ED FIRM" lIS
bereinefrcr dellned,
n. CONTRACTOR a&1'..s diM II. will nul. directly or indirectlv. during lbe RESTRlCTlVE
COVENANT PERIOD, cilher on lib owo accowll, or as a panner, broker. agent, salesman,
finane/,' planner, inv"'<tnlMt n~vi""r, nr ..mplny,." nfnnmb... solici'ur, ><.""icu ur hMdl. any
inve'ln1en~ banking, fitlatlcl~1 planning, brokcrnge or othor securides business for clienls
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U~-U.l-98 07:G"~M rOOJ II.tJ
FEB-04-9B WED 19:42
FAX NO, 7177300~.q
P.04
carried on the books ofprA GPEAP'S whll whom there hL! been any lnu1sllCtlon wllhin the
48 calendar montb prior to the termination date ofservltes under this ACREEMENT
wbether or not such hU!Jiness was bnndled by CONTRACTOR.
C. CONTRACTOR agrees thai, wbile performing services to PFA CPEAP, and durin; lbe
RESTRICTIVE COVENANT PERlOU, CONTRACI'OR win aOI ca.... or Induce anyone
then performing services to PFA GrEAP to cease pcrformln811Crvl~ to PFA GPEhP for
lbe purposes ofperfonninll services to the CONTRACI'OR or to any RESTRICI'ED
FIRM.
0, For purposes ofthls parograph, the foUowin; deflnltlollS apply:
1. "RESTRlCI'IVE COVENANT PERIOD" Is a period of four years
commencing upou termInation of CONTRACTORS services pursuant to this
AGREEMENT;
1. "RESTRICTIVE AREA" Is a geographic area within lbe boarders of the
Commonweallh of Pennsylvania;
3. uPIRltf" m~ Iny person, corponnlon, rillll, IJlutUt:r:JUp, Julnt vClllun:, ur
other entity;
4, "RESTRICI'IVE FlRM" means a linn which engages In a competiDg line of
bucin... to thot ofPFA CPEAl> or which, durioC cithorthc "'rm ofservlccs
hereunder or the IU'STRICTIVE COVENANT PERIOD, campcll:$ wilh PFA
GrEAP as an investment advisory service, or financial planner, or operates as a
s~cnritiel or commodJtJes brokerase finn, invfstment banklng concetG, or
Invesnntntlnsuument sales organi2:ll10n,
E, Each subpl'Ovlslon oflhls PUD21aph shell be construed a.~ an oz",emenr Ind",.,nd""t ofth.
otlltr subprovlsions or pruvisions hereof, and lbe e:dsltnce of any claim or cause ofllCtlon of
the CONTRACTOR against PFA GPEAP, whether predicated on this AGREEMENT or
othCTWise, shell not coustllute a defense to lbe enfortement by PF A GPEAP of these
RESTRlcrlVE COVENANTS.
10, CANCELLATION OF OLD CONmACI'S, Allprcvlous CO~CTS governing services by
the CONTRACTOR to PFA GPEAP, ifany, are termlnBted and canceled as of lb. dllle oflhls
AGREEMENT.
11. NU'I'j(;Il, Any NU'fICE required or permitted to be given under this AGREEMENT shall be
sufficient If In writing, and if delivered or sent by certified mail 10 the last Imown residence oflbe
CONTRAcrOR, or. fnr PFA GPEAP, to Its principal office In Lemoyac, Pennsylvania,
12. WAIVER OF BREACH. '1ba WAIVER by PFA CPEAP OF A BREACH of any provision ofthls
AGREEMENT .hall not nperate or be coustnted as a WAIVER uhny subsequeat or coatlnulng
DllEACII by the CONTRACl'Oll. ofrhe .allle o(QU,e, PIUV;';UII,
IJ. INJUNCI10N, CONTRACI'OR agrees that it wUl b. diUiculltu mcasun: dBl1lages to PFA GPEAr
from any BREACH by CONTRAC1'OR ofth. prom"'.. cct foNh In porogroph 5.6,C,cnd ? herein,
that Injury to PFA GPEAr from any such BREACH would be Impossibla to calculate, and that
money damages would therefore be m tn.,dequalC remedy (or any sucb breach, Accordingly,
CONTRACTOR "ll"''' thM ifhe/,ho .h.n hr..,r.h .ny "mvl.inn. ~fr".ll"lphs 5,6,8, and p. PI1A
GPEAP shaU be entitled,ln addition to all oth... remellies thaI PPA GPEAP may hove, to Injunctions
of olber appropriate orders to restrain any such breach by CONTRACTOR wllhoUlshowing or
proving any aerual demBABs sustllined by PFA GPF.AP.
14, ASSIGNMENT. TIle rights nnt! obligations of PI' A GPEAP under this AGREEMENT shail inure tu
die benefit orand shall b. binding upon the successors and assigns ofl'FA GPEAP, and by the
execution Oflhis AGREEMENT, CONTRACTOR exprmly consents to any succession or
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FEB-04-9B WED 19:43
FAX NO, 71773007dO
P,05
AS.'lIf:NMF.NT. Th. CONTRACTOR may no~ howayer, ...llJn in any manner ofthl.
AGREEMENT without !he prior wrillen consenl ofPFA GPEAP,
IS, GOVERNING LAW, This AGREEMENT shall b. construed in accordance wllh and goyerned by
lIIe laws oCme Commonwenllh ofPennsylvllllia
,
16. SEVERABILITY, II is understood by tbe parties hereto thllt Ifnny tena, provision, duty, obligation
or und.rt2lt.lng har.m conlOllI.d "' bold to ba unan(on:..bl. or m'Sal or In oonflict wilh the .ppllcoble
law, the validity ofthe remaining portions or provlsloos shall not be affected, and Ute rights and
ohllg.lIons orlbe panics shall not be constnled IIDd mrorced as Irsuch invalid or unenforceable
provision was not contained hmin,
17. COv..~:r.&JU'ARTS, This AGREEMENT may be sl&Ded in two coUllterpllrU, C1lch o(whfch ,h.1I he
deemed an original but which together shall conslllUre one inslrWn.n~
18, CONTEXT, The use of ibis singular in the AGREEMENT Inelude$ the plural, as appropriate,
19, NO EMPLOYMENT CONTRACt, Nothing contained in this AGREEMENT shall be construed to
constitute the CONTRACtOR as a partner, employee, or agent ofPFA CPEAP nor sbaU el!her party
have any 'lIIhnri!y In hinrltho nth... in nny '0"'''''', It be1.ns1.nI..""'d !bul..eh .han remaln:an
IndepClldent CONTRAcrOR responsible for Irs own octions.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties have executed thLs
AGREEMENT the day alld dale fin;t abuve wnllen,
A'ITFJ;T:
PFA. GENERAL PURPOSE EXPIlNCE
ACCOUNTPART~
~~
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MA.Tl'HEW p, AMOS
MANAGING PARTNER
WJ-~
(WITNESS)
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CONTRACfO - "'-
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FEB~04-9B WED 19:43
FAX NU 71773007/~
Pll'A, INC.
GPBA Part;uflrshJ.p
1023 H'LunzD4 J:oad
Lemoyne, PA 17043
(717) 761-4646
'ro:
Anthony Brisslll
PROM,
Matthew P. Amos
JUl,
,PFJl I!:cpensss
Date:
January J., 1997
BZPBNSB BUSINESS
Rent NoExp
CJt'!ri""7 7 No Exp
Clerical 2 No Exp
",~-~
Bell Atlantic No Exp .Pay
Advertising fA. No Exp .Pay
Legal {, Accountinl No Exp Pay
Office Supplies No Exp .Pay
Computer Supp~ies No Exp Pay
Postar:l's ~ No Ex;p Pay
~CofIee No Exp Pay
-;Water ~ No Bxp P"'y
Maintenance No Exp Pay
Misc. Expenses No Exp Pay
CTI ~ No RX!l Pay
'A Copies No Exp P.~y
Express Mail No Exp flay
~~.
.-' ./,' ~~./t!(.
~ony Br, ell~
R-~5~'
'/1'17300749
P,OB
1<3-97
~te
02-04-96 07:57PM POOB n43
VERIFICATION
I verifY that the statements made in the foregoing document are true and correct to the best of
my knowledge. information. and belief. I understand that false statements herein are made subject
to the penalties of 18 Pa.C.S. Section 4904, relating to unswom falsifications to authorities.
DATE: 2//ljqC(
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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP
Plaintin'
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY,PENNSYLVANIA
v.
CIVIL ACTlON--EQUITY
NO. C(.I'- S' 3 7 [pr., 1J.-
ANTHONY BRISELLI
Defendant
COMPLAINT
AND NOW comes Plaintiff, PFA General Purpose Expense Account Partnership, by its
attorney, Thomas P. Gacki, Esquire, and sets forth the following Complaint:
I. Plaintiff is a Pennsylvania general partnership with principal place of business at 1023
Mumma Road. Lemoyne, P A 17043,
2. Plaintiff, by and through its partners and contractors, engages in the business of financial
planning and the sale of various financial services industry products,
3. Defendant is an adult individual who resides at 493 East Elmwood Avenue,
Mechanicsburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania,
4, Defendant is a licensed insurance agent in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and has
various NASD securities licenses.
5. Prior to working for Plaintiff, Dclendant had ncvcr cngagcd inthc busincss oflinancial
planning,
6. Plaintiff and Defendant entcrcd into a "Para-Planncr, Financial Advisor Traincc, and
Independent Contractor Agreement" ("Agrecmcnt") dated January IS, 1997, whcrcby Dcfcndant, as
an independent contractor, was retained by Plaintiff to assist the Plaintiff in performing financial
planning services as a paraplanner and financial advisor trainee of PlaintilT. A true and correct copy
of the Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit "A",
7. Plaintiff complied with its obligations under the Agreement in all material respects.
8. Plaintiff devoted substantial resources and efforts to the training of Defendant in the
financial services business.
9. During the course of this training, Plaintiff exposed Defendant to many unique and valuable
business and marketing techniques of Plaint iff, and Defendant was introduced to Plaintiffs proprietary
client base developed through Plaintiffs proprietary business and marketing techniques,
10. Paragraphs 7 of the Agreement defines "Proprietary Information" of Plaint iff to include.
among other things, the business techniques and marketing plans or strategies of Plaintiff, the records
of Plaintiffs clients and prospective clients, and other proprietary information of Plaintiff.
2
II. Paragraph 8 A. of the Agreement provides that Defendant would keep Plaintin's
Proprietary Information in conlidence and would not use Plaintin's Proprietary Information except
in the course of Defendant's performance of his duties under the Agreement.
12. Paragraph 8 S. of the Agreement provides that upon termination of Defendant's services
under the Agreement, Defendant would not remove any Proprietary Information and would return
any Proprietary Information in Defendant's possession to PlaintilT.
13. Paragraph 9 of the Agreement provides that Defendant would not, inter alia, engage in
Iinnncial planning or securities business with any of Plaintift's clients or with anyone else within the
state of Pennsylvania, for a period of four years following the termination of Defendant's services to
Plaintiff. Plaintiff has clients, client relationships, and referral sources throughout the state of
Pennsylvania, and Plaintift's relationships with its clients extend over many years.
14. On or about January 6, 1998, Defendant voluntarily terminated his services under the
Agreement.
15. Defendant breached the Agreement in the following respects:
A. Prior to terminating his services to Plaintiff, Defendant removed his personnel file
and several client files from the Plaintift's business premises. Defendant also printed and removed
copies of proprietary client and prospect lists from Plaintift's computer database. Despite demand,
3
Defendant has refused to return these items, his onice keys and other Proprietary Information in his
possession to PlaintilT.
B. Defendant is engaging in the Iinancial planning business in the state of
Pennsylvania, including selling Iinancial services industry products to clients or former clients uf
PlaintilT.
C. PlaintilTfurther believes and therefore avers that Defendant is using proprietary
marketing techniques and infonnation developed by PlaintilT to pursue his own financial planning
business.
COUNT ONE--PETlTION FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
16. Paragraphs I through 15 are incorporated here by reference.
17. The aforesaid breaches of the Agreement by Defendant have caused and continue to
cause irreparable harm to PlaintilTfor which a remedy at law for damages is not adequate.
18. Defendant agreed in Paragraph 13 of the Agreement that PlaintilTwould be entitled to
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injunctive relief for the breaches committed by Defendant.
19. Greater harm will result from the denial of injunctive relief than from granting injunctive
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20. Plaintifr is likely to prevail in a lillI hearing on the merits for injunctive relief and the
equities weigh in tiwor of the Plaintil1~
WHEREFORE, Plaintin'requests:
a. That the Court set an immediate hearing date on Plaintill's request lor a preliminary
injunction;
b. That preliminary and peml8nent injunctions issue ordering Defendant to return all
Proprietary Materials and property of Plaintiff, including onice keys, client files and personnel files,
and that Defendant be enjoined from violating the provisions of the Agreement prohibiting post
engagement competition with Plaintiff;
c. That the Court grant such other relief as may be proper,
COUNT TWO--ACCOUNTlNG/DAMAGES
,
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21. Paragraphs I through 20 are incorporated here by reference.
22, As a result of Defendant's breach of the Agreement, Defendant has been unjustly enriched
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by the goodwill imparted to Defendant as a result of his prior association with Plaintiff.
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FEB-04-9B WED 19:40
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FAX NO, 7177300~
P,02
PARA-PLANNER, FINANCIAL ADVISOR TRAINEE,
AND
INDEPENDANTCONTRACTOR
AGREEMENT
"
This Aarecment Is dated !be FIFI'ENl1I day of JANUARY, 1m, between the PFA GENERAL
PUlU'OSE EXPENCE ACCOtlNT PARTNEIlSIDP (aPFA GPEAP") 8IId ANTHONY BlUSELLl
("CON'I'KAt:IUK"),
1. INDEPENDANT CONTRACTOR RItT.ATIONSHIP. 1'1IA GPIlAP nel'l'.... In And dOM bereby
retain the CONTRACTOR as an INDEPENDANT CONTRACTOR, and the CONTRACTOR
aarees 10 selVe PFA GPEAP in such capscity upon Ihe telllLl and canditlons of this AGREEMENT.
Z. TERM. This AGREEM ENT shall be lenninllted by eUlter party upon 30 DAYS NOTICE. This
AGREEMENT Ihall be Immediately terminable by PF A GPJ:AP Kt lIlY time in the event of
dishonesty, gross negUgeucc,lncompelencc or moral turpitude oflhe CON'nlACTOR or any failure
by lhe CONTRACTOR 10 ""rfurm hi. tlulle>> hereunder or O'lhcrw/se eomply with and observe the
COWOOll" and aeneroent mad. by CONTRACIOR bOlOllllder. 'rhlo AGREEMENT obDII tcnnIne'"
IUtomatically by the cleaJh ofthe CONTRACTOR or by !be dissOlution ofPFA GPEAr or lIS
discontinuance in the practil:e of flnaw:loI planning and lale of finlIIIcial services Industry prodUClt.
J. COMPENSA'l'ION. Fo!' all services R1u1erc<llu PFA GPEAP, by the CONTRACTOR shall
receive as COMPENSATION lS000.00 nOLl.A1Ut TWO THOlJ!;lAND nOLLAR9 IbaII
represent a beaus and "examination expense reimbulsement" for succcsslWly obralnlna pusina
scores on the followloa exams: Pennsylvania Life and Hcal!b W\IRIlco, Serles 63. 65 and Series 7.
Th. bul.III" will n:p=L'Dl COMPENSATION to be paid tor services rendered Ihrough OcQC1Jlber
31,1997. The CONTRACfOR will receive twenty four 750.00 DOLLARS paymenlS to be paid OIl
the Fifteenth and the last day of each calendar mon!b,
4. CONTRACl'ED SERVICES. The CONTRACTOR. wllltblfllllng contractua1 obligations orthls
AGREEMENT lhrouQh provldInS tho following .....1...:
A. Provide para-planner service from 8:00am 10 1l:00am Monday dll'ouah j'r1cf!ly.
8. Provide financial plannina analysis ofc:licnt cln:wnstance frnm 11 :OOam 10 12:00pm and
12:3Opm to 2:00pm Monday through Friday.
C. Provide marlcetlna and fino client develnpmenl .<ervl= fmm :l.:IlOl'm to 5:00pm lod 6:00pm
to the end of the time frame required to complete Ibe services TCIIdered,
D. Provide Flnanelol Advisor Ir8lnco servic,," set up IS client appoilltmcnts per week or 3 clien..
per lI.y IlDd mllinlUtn K COD,lsteDt nve new client rel8110nsblps CStabUsb8<t per moolh and a
refelTal base of20 new refenals per week .
E. Provide Financial Advisor Trainee services that allow for !be fulfillmont of other ancU1ary
goals and objectlvel of the Conlractor and PFA Ol'EAP.
5. ltXTENT OJ! SERVICES. Tho CONTRACTOR .hall de"Ol<loucb limo and effort to PFA GPEAP
business as Is reasonably nocass,,>, 10 the perfonml11ce of CONTRACTOR'S duties as a PARA.
PLANNER, and FINANCIAL ADVISOR TRAINEE. CONTRACTOR agrees to perfomt IUch
services diligently, consclentlnusly, and to the best ot'hls abilities, and .baIl not intentionally take Ill)'
action agalnst the bost Inlorest of PF A GPEAP or its ellents. The CONTRACl'OR agrees tIlllblcle
by aU applicable rules IIld l1l&ulations of the NASD. the Securities and Bxcb8ll&e Commission, the
PcnnsylvlIlia Scculitles Commission, and any appUcable govemmcoweuthorlty whloh pertains to his
activities for PFA GPEAP or II11Y other related business entity. 'Jbe CONTRACTOR liuther agrees
to abldo by ell applicable ,ule. end regulations ofPFA GPEAP, f\'om tbno to time adopled, i1ucllanl
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FAX NO, 71773007~
p, 03
to III PARA-PLANNII:RS, FINANCIAL ADV/son TnAlNnES, AI'ID INDEPENDANT
CONTRACTORS,
6. !:ONFIDENTI~L INMRMA nON OF OTURIlS. Tho CONTRACTOR rqlmonls that his duties
with PFA GPEAP wlll not requiro him 10 violllle OilY obl/a'don \u or con6c!en(:C of another.
7. PROPIlIJlTAII.\' INFORMAnOti- Aswedhmln,lhetenn "PItOPJW:rARY
INFORMATION" moone:
,
A. LfalS otor Olberl'CiCords pettaininl1to I'....A GI'EAP clients or prospective cllenu, whell1er
kepi nr mointalned by PI' A GPIlAP or the CONTRACTOR, and wbether 01' not the client
or prospective client was first contacted, sol/cited, or produced fur PF A GPIAP by Ibe
r.ONTRAI':TOR. .. w,oIf.. any and AlIlnfonn.tloa oClAllllnad In noh 11m or other
RECORDS ("CLIENT RECOIlDS"): and
B. Any other inConnollon ota confldcnllal, l"'OPriololy, or 5C<I'Ct llltur. wlllch j, ur IURY ba
appllcshle 10, or related in lilY woy to the business of, PFA GPEAP,lncludlng, by way of
exanlple I/Id notllwltadon, dalll, knuw how, tec!mJquel, marlcetIng plan, or alnlle81e,. lIDd
the lenn. of conlract.l Dr ~enls with vendors offlllllllCial sll'Vlces fndllltry products:
IIIId
C. All fII1l11loJaJ lnfonnotion IIld I'toords I'tla1lng 10 PI''' GPEAP's olJonf:J.
8, 1'Jl.0PRlR'r....v INmRMATlON TO BE raPT IN CONFlDNr.CJ!<.
A, CONTRACTOR acknowledges that the PROPRIETARY JNFORMA nON I~ ft special,
vllluable, and unlquc assel of1'1lA GPEAP and CONTRACTOR aare.. oton IJm.. durlne
the period oehis or her servlcos for PFA GPEAP and lhereaIler 10 keep In confldence and
InIIt all PROPIUETARY INPORMATJON. CONTRACTOR llgrOCs thai dlll'lng the
period of his services to PFA GPEAP and thereafter he wlIll10t direclly or Indirectly ose the
PROPRJ!T AllY INJI'ORM A TION other than In the cour,e or PCrtbm1JDa dulfes as a
CONTRACTOR ofPFA GPEAP, nor wlU the CONTRACI'OR directly or Indirectly
disclose any PROPRIETARY INFoRMATION or lI/Iythlug relnllng theteto 10 any person
or enllty, exceplln the eou,,", nfpcrrnnnlne dllli.. A.r:ONTRACTOJl of PI' .A. GPJUp lIIld
with the consent of PFA GPEAP, CONTRACTOR will abIde by PFA CPEAP'S policies
...d regulation... ..r.bUshed /lom tlmo 10 timo, for tho protoctlon of 113 I'ROI'lUllTARV
INFORMATION.
If. Upon me tcnnlnaUon oCservlccslO I'1'A GPEAP'S punUBnI ro Ibis Ati.KJ!tM!!N'J',
rcprdIess of cln:umSlllDcos, CONTRACTOR aarees not to remove any PROPRIET AllY
lNFORMATlON /lom I'FA GPEAP'S offices, either in III orJaInal fDJ'll1 Dr In duplicalc or
CI1!lie..the"'flonm, nnd Aert.<'.. MIlO lrlInsmil suy sueh proprietary Information verb Illy. In
addltlOll, CONTRACI'OR will promptly del/verlo PFA GPIlAP'S all documents, data,
"'conI.> lUld other Infonnotlou 1"Ctalnlu& l~ J,j, ''''.V/''''' tu I'FA GI'l':Ar'.!I,lUld
CONTRACTOR shall 1I0t lllke any doouments or data, contaluJng or penaln/ng to any
l'ROPHII'TAK v INJoUKMA'J'JON.
9. RESrRICJ'~ COVENANTll
A. CONTRACTOR agrees 1hat he wlU no~ dlrecdy or Indlreclly, during the "RES'I'RICTIVE
COVENANTS PERIOD" and willi/II lIle MRESTRJCTED AREA", K. bcn:loKncr defined,
PerfolDl servIces for, own, millage, or be employed by any "RESTRlCrED FIRM" lIS
berelnatrer defined.
If. CONTRACTOR ll&rCes thai be will nul, direcdy or indirectly. durlnL! the RESTRlCJ'1VE
COVENANT PERIOD, either on his own eccount, or as a panner, broker, ogen~ Alc:smllll,
financ'al planner, inv""mcntftrlvl""", nr omrfny... .f.norb..., S01iollDr, I<IrVk~ Dr blllldl. any
Inveslrncnr, bonking. financinl pllllllllng, brol<erage or other Iccurllles business fot clients
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FAX NO, 7177300~
......,
P,04
carrIed on the book. ofPFA GPEAP'S whh whom there bas been any lnu1.actJon ""'Ihin the
4& calendar month prior to the lerminalion date oflOlVloes under tbls AGREEMENT
whether or nolluell husineu Waf bnndled by CONTRACI'OR.
C, CONTRACI'OR agree. Ibat, while pelformlng sclVloes 10 PIIA CPEA!', and durlna lho
IlESTRIClIVE COVENANT PlllUOD, CONTRACTOR will nOI call1ll cr Induct anyone
then pelfolD1lnllSClVlces to PFA GPIlAP to ceaJe pedormingICrvices10 PFA GPEAr for
the purposes of performing services to the CONTRACTOR or 10 any IUlSTIUCTED
FIRM,
D. For purposes oftbls paragraph, tho foUowinll de1lnJtlons apply:
1. "RESTRJCI'IVE COVENANT PERIOD" I. a period offour yell/'S
commencing upon tennlnatlon ofCONTRACI'ORS servlces pursllIIIt to this
AGREEMENT;
%, "RESTRlcrlVE AREA"'s a geographIc area within the boarders of the
Commonwealll1 of PCIlDsylvania;
3. AFIRM" mearu eDY JlCI'5on, corpollllJoll, (jIIlJ,l'llllllWoWl',JuIuIVC:IlIUn:, tJr
oll1er cntlly:
4. "RESTRICI'IVE FIRM" DlCIIIS n flnn which engeges In I competing line of
bucine.. to thllt of PF A CPEAl> or whloh, durin, cithcr tho Iorm of services
hereunder or !be RFS1'R1CTJVE COVENANT PEIlIOD, OOOlpclC$ willi PF A
GPIlAP lIS III Investment advisory a'lVlce, or financial pllIlner, or operates as a
..cnr/lice orcommodltJes broIcense finn, invlltmmt banking concera, or
lnvemnenllnltrnmenllalec argoniallon.
E. Each subprovlslon of this parnvapb shall be construed I.~ an aueement In"......"""' of lb.
other subprovlsions Or provisions hereof, and the existence of any claim or couse of action of
!be CONTRACI'OR against PF A GPEAr, wbe!ber predicated on this AGREEMENT or
Otherwile, shall not coustltute a defense 10 the enfon:emenl by PF A OPEAr of these
RESTIlIcrJVE COVENANTS.
roo CANCELLA110N OF OLD CONTRACTS, All previous CONI:RACTS governinll smlces by
the CONTRACTOR to PFA GPEAr, If any, are tennlnated and canceled as of the date of this
AGREEMENT.
11. NU'J'i(;H, Any Jl/U'fJ(;E required or permitted 10 be c1vCII under this AGREEMENT sball be
sufIlclent If In wrllln80 and if deliveml or lcut by certified mall to tho last known residence of the
CONTRACTOR, or, for 1'FA GPF~P, 10 Iu principal office iu Lemoyno, Peunsylvanla,
U. WAIVl!;R OJ' BREACH. 1111 WAIVER by PFA GPEAr OF A BRlACH of any preY/lion of this
AGREEMENT Ihall nOl opel'llte or be coustrued as a WAIVER of lIlY lub'equent or contluulnS
DREACII by the CONTRACI'OR oflbo sa"'e Or.c.tl.OI jI.uviolull.
13. INJUNCTION. CONTRActOR Ijroos that It wUJ be difficulllu D1e1l$Ul'\l dlll1lDllClIo PI'A GPEAr
from lilY IIRII:ACH by CONTRACI'OR orth promfDo. -.t forth In Pllll1gmph 5,15,8,.nd!) herein,
that InJury 10 PFA GPEAP from any such BREACH would be ImpoSllfble 10 calculate, and that
money damages would tJlerefore be an Inadequate remedy for any such breach. Accordingly,
CONTRAcrOR 1IQ"'''~ thlll IfhelRho .hAn hrMr.h AnYI'MvIAlon. Qfl'll"'arnphs S,6,s, and II, PI1A
GPEAP shall be CIltJtled, In additlon to all other remedies thaI PFA GPEAP may hove, 10 InJunctions
of other appropriate ordetlto resll'Bin any such breach by CONTRACTOR wl!bow showing or
provln& 8J1Y aClIlal damllAes sustained by PFA GPEAP.
14. ASSIGNMENT. The rights 8J1d obligations of PI' A GPEAP under this AGREEMENT shill inure to
tlle benefltofand shall be bInding upon lhes~~ssors and assigns ofl'FA GPEAr, and by tho
exOC1l11on oflbls AGREEMENT, CONTRACI'OR expressly CODScnta to any sUCCO.l.Slon or
R-96%
7177300749
02-04-99 07:57PM P004 "43
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FAX N~ 71773007~
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P.05
AI'.'lIr.NMF.NT, The CONTRAC'I'OR mll,Y no~ hOWOVlr, .../an in on)' monn... otthl.
AGREEMENT wfll1out!be prior written consent ofPt^ GPI!AP.
15. COVllIlNING LAW. This AGREEMENT shall b. con.trued In accordance willi and governed by
lIIe laws orll1e Commonwealth ofPenn')llvllllla
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16. SEVlRADIL1TY. It ls undentood by the parties hereto that Ihny tcnu, provision, duly, obligation
01' und'rbldna hor,le cOlllaln,d r. bold 10 b. un,n'oroaobl, or IU,sa! or Ie oonfll.t with tho opplloo&lo
Iaw,lhe validity of the remainilli portlons or provisIons Ihall not be affected, and the rlgJus and
obllgallonl orlb. parties shall nOI be constrUed and enforced as Irsucl1lnvnlld or unenfcfeeable
provision was not contained horaln.
11, CO'Q~],.ilU'ARTS. This AGREEMENT may be slped In two COUIltCfPllI1S. each ofwhfch 11,.11 he
deemed an onlinal but which 100elher shall cODllllUlC on. inslnln1ent
J8, CONTlI.lCT, 1bc use o(thls sluaular in the AGREEMENT includet Ibe plUral, u appropriate,
Ill. NO EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT. Nolhlng contained In this AGREIlMENT shall be C01lJlrued to
constltute the CONTRACTOR as a parlner. employee, orapDI ofPFA CPEAr Dor shall e/dlerpart)'
have any alllhnrily In hinrlthr. nth... in .ny "'<peet. It beIna IeleJld"d lba, tach ,ball "mala lIlI
Indepc.odcnl CONTRACl'OR respon.lble for lis oWIIIlClion.o.
IN MTNESS WHERl!OP.intendlna 10 be legally bound h....by,1he parties have executed !bis
AGREEMENT llIe day and dale tinlabove wnllen.
"':
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A'lTR.IlT:
PFA. GiNERALPURPOSE EXPIlNCJi:
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP
~~
(WM'NF,'l.'l)
:}.:
/IMtt ( (
-
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MA.'lTHEW P. AMOS
MANAGING PARTNER
"'~;,
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. \'ti,
,!.\
WJ-~
(WITNESS)
~~-~
~, .."",~.
CONTRAcro _
7177300749
02-04-96 07:57PM P005 #43
FEB-04-9B WED 19:43
..
FAX NO, 71773007~
P,OB
......,
PI'A, INC.
GPlU. Partnership
:1.023 Mmaa .Road
Lemoyn., 1'.\ 3.7043
('117) 761-4646
1'0:
Anthony Briselll
PROJIr
Matthew P. Amos
Dr
.PFA llxpsnsss
Dal:e:
Janulllry 1., 1997
BlCPBNSB BrJ6IlmBS
Rent No Exp
C1.f'!rfm.7 7 No Exp
Clerical 2 No Exp
"'...._~
Bell Atlantic No Exp Pay
Advertising ~ No Exp Pay
Lsgal & Accountind No Exp Po!.ly
Office Supplies No Exp Pay
Computer Supplies No Exp Pay
Postaqe ~ No EX];) Pay
4 Coffee $ No Exp Pay
'-;1.''''t:or No Exp PdY
Maintenance No Exp Pay
Misc. Expenses No Exp Pay
CTI ~ N() FIX]) Pay
',A Copies No Exp Pay
Express Mail No Exp !Jay
~~.
.-' ".&(
,~ ide ..
~ony Br. SlIP
1- '3- 97
D4t:e
R-95"
7177300749
02-04-98 07:57PM P006 n43
VERIFICATION
I verify that the statements made in the foregoing document are true and correct to the best of
my knowledge, information, and belief. I understand that false statements herein are made subject
to the penalties of 18 Pa,C.S. Section 4904, relating to unsworn falsifications to authorities.
DATE: :J./7/CI'(
JAAA1 ( i----
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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP
Plaintiff
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYL VANIA
v.
CIVIL ACTION--EQUITY
NO, ClI'. :?3'7 (~~............
ANTHONY BRISELLI
Defendant
MOTION
Please consider the Complaint in this matter as a motion for a preliminary injunction. Plaintiff
requests a hearing as soon as practicable, PlaintilT submits herewith a proposed rule to show cause.
Respectfully Submitted,
?-/ll/q~
72 ?fi~
Thomas P. Gacki .
Atty. ID #44864
4775 Linglestown Road, Suite 200
Harrisburg, PA 17112
717-671-1958
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF
PFA GENERAL I'URI'OSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT l'ARTNERSI-1I1'
l'lainlifl'
IN TIlE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
v.
CIVIL ACTION--EQUITY
NO, q 1- ^ 3 ,) ['rt./-r.;-
ANTI-IONY BRISELLI
Defendant
RULE TO snow CAUSE
On review of the Complaint in this cause, and on motion of Thomas P. Gacki, attorney for
the Plaintiff, it is ordered that the above named Defendant show cause, if any there be, before this
Court in Courtroom _, Cumberland County Courthouse, Hanover and High Streets, Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, on
, 1998, at _ 111. why a preliminary injunction should not issue during the
pendency ofthis action, according to the prayer of the Complaint.
It is further ordered that Plaintill's counsel shall infonn Defendant of the hearing date and time
by telephone immediately upon scheduling of the hearing. Plaintitl's counsel shall also forward a copy
of this order, Plaintitl's complaint. and Plaintitl's motion to Defendant by ordinary mail at the time of
providing telephone notice.
BY THE COURT
-.-
J.
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v~~"'" ..,.,
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I'AIIA.I'LANNER, FINANCIAL ADVISOR TRAINEI:,
Mm
IN DEPENDANT CONTllACfOn
AGREIlMENT
This Agreemcnlls daled thc FIFI'ENTII day of JANUARY, 19?7, be\wl:en the PFA GENERAL
PURPOSE EXl'ENCE ACCOUNT PARTNERSmp ("PFA GPRAP") Olld ANTHONY DRlSELLl
("CON'I'IIAl.o.'OK").
I. INDEPENDANTCONTRACTOR RELATIONSHIP. JlFA GPF.AP ne"".' In "nil do.s bereby
relaln Ute CONTRACTOR as nn INDEPENDANT CONTRACroR, nnd the CONTRACfOR
ogrecs 10 serve PFA GPEAP in "uch copacity uponlhe terms ond conditions oflhis AGREEMENT.
2. TERM. This AGREEMENT shall be lmninatcd by eiUler pany upon 30 DA YS NOTICE. This
AGREEMENT sl1ol1 be i",medlotely terminable by l'F A OPEA!' ut ony lime in Ute cvent of
dishoncsty, gross ncgligence, incompetcnce or moral turpitude of the CONTRACfOR or any failure
by the CONTRACTOR \u pcrfurm IIi. dulie. henunder or otherNise comply wllh and observe the
coven""t, and osreement mado by CONTRACTOR. boreunder. 'Thi. AGREEMENT 31UlIl tcnnlno..
autumatically by the death of the CONTRACfOR or by the dissolution ofPF A GPEAP or Its
discontinuance in the practice of fin;mclal planning and sole of financial scrviccs Industry products.
3. COMPENSATION, For all servic.. remlered Lu PFA GPEAP, by the CONTRACTOR sball
receive 3!1 COMPENSATION 1HOOO.00 nOLT,AR!;. TWO TIIOIlSANll nQLLAR\l ,bAll
represent a bonus and "e~amination cxpense reimbursemene' for successfully oblJlining passing
scores on the following exoms: Pennsylvaoia Life and Hcalth Insurance, Series 63, 6S ;md Series 7.
Tho bulune" will ropro.eDI COMPENSATION 10 be pold tor service. reodercd through Dccember
31,1997. The CONTRACTOR will receive twenty four 750.00 DOLLARS payments to be p~id on
the Fifteenth and thc lost day of eaeh c:1lClldor mon!b.
4. CONTRACTED SERVICFS. The CONTRACTOR will fulfilling contractual obligaUons oflhls
AGREEMENT tbrousn provldius tho following 00...,10.0:
A. Provide para-plnnner service from 8:00am 10 1I:00alll Monday dlfough Friday.
Il. Provide llnancinl planning OIlalysis of client clreumstnnee from 11 :OOam to 12:00pm OIld
12:3Opm to 2:00pm Monday through Friday,
C. Provide marketing and firm client development <crvlee< frnm '.:OOpm to 5:00pm Aod 6:00pm
to the end oftbe time frame required to complete the services rendered.
D, Provide Flnanciol Advisor \mince services set up IS client appoiutmeots per week or 3 clients
por duy lIod mainl1lln u cooslsrent five new client relllllonshlps cstabllshed per mooth ond a
referral base of20 new reremls per week .
E. Provide Finaneilll Advisor Trninee selVi""s thntl\llow ror the fulfillmentofodlcr aneUlary
go.ls nnd objectives of the Contractor nn~ PFA GPEAP.
5. tLXTINT OF S"€RVlCES. 11.0 CONTRACTOR .h.1I de""lo Noh tim.:md .ffo~ to l'F.o\ r,PF..4,y
business as i:; reasonnbly noeo,,:uy to tho porfon11OI1ce of CONTRACTOR'S duties IU n PARA.
PLANNER, lUld FINANelA 1. ADVISOR TRA OOE. COl\'1'RACfOR Jgrees to perfonn such
se'tvices diligently, consclenl1oUsly, md to the best of his abilities, nnd shaUnOl intentionally take
aellon ngAlnS! the besl inlerest of PF,\ GI'EAI' or its c1i,nt,. The CONTRACfOR agrees to nbide
by nU applkJblc rules .nd regIlIJI;OI1S of the NASD. the Seemit:.. nod Exchanr,c Conlmission, the
Pcnn.sylvnni:l S..:cul'iti..::s Conllllissi!JtI. AI".! :my applh:abl.: CIl\c:mlllt'nt3.1 authority which p~113ins to his
nelil'ilks for i'F.\ GI'J;,\I' Or Oil, olher ",'ale '<I busines, oll:il)', 1110 CONllUCTOI~ Ilmll.1' ngre...
10 nuidc h)' nil j\I'pli~lIbh.' IlIl,) .1Il~11 r~ul.'lilJm uf 1'1'''\ Crl:Ar, fn)Ul (hue (I) lill1~ .Uluph:..J. illlli:y>utJ
, '
FEB-04-0!l ~IED 19: 41
FI\X 110, '1\ moo'(~n
P,03
A. Lf.lts of or olber records ptnainm~ to I'.'A GI'EAP cllenLl Qr plospectlve cllcnLl, whelher
kept nr maintalncd by PF A GPIlAP or the CONTRACTOR, and whether or not the client
or prospective clleol was first con\Jlcted, solicited, or produced fnr I'F A GPEAP by Ibe
r:ONTRAl':TOR.." w,III.. '"y 'nd ,Uluform.tlon conlOined In ruch 11.... or othor
RECORDS ("CLIENT RECORDS"): ond
B. Any otho< informollon of a confidential, pl'opri<t.uy, or .ceret lIalUro which i. UI U1'y II.
applicable 10, or rel.ted in any way \() the business of, PFA GPEAl', including, by way of
example and uot limItation, daw, know how, techniques, marketing plans or strategies, and
the lerms of contracU or ammRemeots with vendors orrmmlcial services Industry products:
lll1d
C. All financial inform.tion and r.cords rel.llns 10 P"'A Gl'EAP'S clleot".
.{i
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, .
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I' ;
.1, ,
11..../
f'
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I
to IUI'ARA.PLANNRIlS, FINANCIAl. ADVISOII 'ffiAINnCS, AND INDRPENDMiT
CONTRACTORS.
G, CONflDENTlAI, INFORMATION OF OTIIJ!IlS. 11.e CONTRACTOR rcprmnls U,.t his dulle.
with PFA GPEM' will not requite him 10 viol.to allY obllS'Uoo to ur ""undonee of .nother.
7. PROPRIETAIlY INFORMATION. As used heroin, the tenn "PROPRIETARY
lNFORMATION" mean,:
9, PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TO BE KEPT IN CONFlONF.CE.
A, CONTRACTOR acknowledges that the PROPRIETARY INFORMATION is a special.
valuable. and unIque 8SS~1 ofPFA GPEAP and CONTRACTOR agree. at all Ilm".nurine
the period oCbis or her services for PFA GPEAP and there.fter 10 keep In conlidence and
traIt all PROPRTETA'Il.1lINPORMATION. CONTRACTOR .gree, thot during the
period of his services 10 l'FA CPEAP and thereafter he will not dltectly or indirectly Dse Ibe
l'ROPRIET ARY INFORMATION other than In the course or pertOrmlng dlltles as a
CONTRACTORofPFA Gl'EAP, nor will the CONTRACTOR directly or Iodirectly
disclose any PROPRIETARY INFORMATION or anything relaling thcreto to any person
or entity, except in the cour.. nf perfnnnine nllti... n. r.ONTnA.crOR ofPF.A. CPIUP and
with the consont of PFA GPEAP. CONTRACTOR will abide by PF A GPEAP'S policies
nod resulation. "" ..l.blldl.d from tlmo 10 limo, rar thc protection of I" l'ROl'nJETARV
INFORMATION.
5, Upon the ICrmlnatJon ofselvlces 10 I'l'A GPEAP'S pursUBntlO this AGlll!t:MJ;N'l'.
n;glITdless of clrcumSlilDces, CONTRACTOR agrees not 10 temove any PROPRTETAR'l
lNFORMATlON from l'FA GrEAP'S offices, cilherin an original fonn or in duplicate or
cnpi.., therefrnm, nnn ner".< nnl 10 trnosmil :any such proprietary inrcnnatlon verbally. In
addition, CONTRACTOR will promptly deliver 10 PFA GI'EAP'S 311 documents, dala,
roconb IUld other infomlDdou l'etalnl.u~ tv lu:s :1\:& vicc:J (v l'FA GPEAf"S, und
CONTRACTOR sbnll nOllllke any documents or data, contaloing or pert:llnlng to any
YROI'KU';'I'AK Y IIWUIU\L\'l'lUN.
9. RESfRICTIVE COVENANTS
A. CONTIl.ACTOR agrees thaI he will no~ directly or indirectly, during the "RESTRICTIVE
COVENANTS rERlOD" and wilhlll ~\C "RESTRICTED AREA", us herein, nor <lenn,ll,
perfoml ~rvices for, own, man3ge, or bo employed by;my "UESTRlCTED FIRM" as
h~retnatt..:r dlHmed.
\l. CONTRACTOR al'.1"", tl"1 hc will nut, directly nr indin:cUv. d\lrln~ the RESTRICTIVE
COVENANT PERIOD, dthcr un hi, own accuunt, or JS, panllcr. broker, .g~nt, s,lcsmm,
financial rl.Jnncr, iovG..tmmt nd\'i""r. or P01l'ln}''',~ nf:1ltl;\rl,,'r, 'li,:~lil:ill'r. ~,,"rvi('u UT hMdllJ an)'
inve:!lml'nt, banking, fil1;\ucial planning, brohc:rJ};c or other s~curilic:s business (or clil'n1S
l\,'ll
;1:: il"'"t'
II . "I'l . '1;1 I" "':I'~.I l' (1,1; 11.1 ~
FEB-04-0B ~IED 10: 42
FOX 110, 7177300,AQ
p, O~
carried on the booKs ofPF A CPEAP'S whl1 whom there hu been any translICtlon wllhln tl\e
4& calendlll'montb prlorto ll1e termination date ofmvlces under thLs ACRtEMI!NT
whclber ornollUch !mllncll wu 1~'IlIdled by CONTRACTOR.
C, CONTRACTOR agrecs that. while pcrformlng servl~s to PFA GPEAP, and durin; the
IlESTRlCTIVE COVENAN'l' I'EIUOIJ, CONTRACTOR wUl not cause or Induce uyone
Ihen performing servlccs to PFA GPEAP to ce;ue performing services to PFA GPEAP for
tile purposes ofperronnin!l services to the CONTRACTOR or to any RESTRICTED
FIRM.
D. For purposcs ofthls parograph, Ihe foUowin; dcfinltlons apply:
1. "RESTRICTIVE COVENANT PERIOD" 110 period of four yel1/'5
commcnclng upon termlnollon ofCONTllACTORS servlecl pursulIlt to this
AGREEMENT;
1. "RESTIUCTIVE AREA "Is a geographic &rea within the boo.rders of tile
Commonwealth of PennsylvanIa;
3. "FIRM" mC4lU any pcr30D. cQrporal1on, (jllll, VtULlI~r:J1iVt JuiuL vClllun:. ur
other enlity;
4. "RESTRICTIVE FIRM" meons a firm which cngagcs In a competing line of
bucino" to th:ll of PFA CPEAl> or which, duriog cithcr the term of scrvlccs
hercunder or !be RF.STRTCTTYF. COVENANT PElUOD, compeles wilh PFA
GPEAP as an investmcnt advisory servic., or fill:lllci.l planner, or operates as a
seocl1rities or commoditJes brokttasc finn, investmeDt banki.ag concerl3, or
!nvcSODent Instrument lalee orgoniution.
E. Each subpl'Ovlsion oflhls paraerapb shall be construed a, an 'ere.menl Indt.l"'ntfPnt oflb..
other subprovlsions or pruvisions hereof, 3Ild the e:d~nee of any claim or cause ofllCtlon of
the CONTRACTOR against PFA CPEAr, wbc!bcr prediuted on this AGREEMENT or
othenvis., shall not constitute a defeose to the enfol"C"",ent by PFA GPEAP of these
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS,
10. CANCELLA nON OF OLll CONmAcrS. All previous CONT)UCTS governing seIVices by
Ibe CONTRACTOR 10 PFA GPEAP, if my, are tennlnoted andcane.led al of the dote oflhls
AGREEMENr.
11. NU'J'it:I!. Any NUTICE requircd or permitted 10 be given under this AGREEMENT shall be
suflIcient If In wrlling, and if delivered or lcot by certified mall to !bs last known residence of the
CONTRAcrOR, or. fnrJ>FA GPrloAp,l(l!ts principal office ill Lemoyne, Pennsylvania.
IJ. WAIVER OF BREACH. Tha WAIVER by PFA CPEAP OF A BREACll of any provision Oflhis
AGREEMENT shall not op.",te or be couSlnled IS a WAIVER of my subscquent or continuing
D1l.llACll by ehe CONTRACJ'OR orwe S011\. o(utl,el Vluv;"luJl.
13. INJUNCTION. CONTRACTOR agrees that it wW be difficult lu m.osun: dOlt1ages to PYA CPEAP
froID ..,y BREACH by CONTIL\C1'OR of tho prom"'.. .ot rOM In porogrnph S,15,8,ond 9 hCTCin,
thnllnjury 10 FFA GPEAP fi'om any luch BREACH would be Impossible 10 caleuhue, and that
money dameges would tilCl'efore be OIIIn.,dcqunle remedy for any such breach. Accordingly,
CONTRACfO'R :14ree~ thnt ifheh,hc .~hRII hrn.:H~h ftny pmvi<;nnc. "rr:\rilC-r.1phs $.6,11, IU\.CI P, PFA
GPEAP sball be entllled.ln ndditlunlo nil other remedies !b.t PFA GPEA.P mny hove, 10 Injunctioos
of other approprlale orders 10 I"Cstnlin any such breach by CONTRACTOR without showing or
pl'Ol'lug ony nental durnBgos sustained by p~',\ GPF.AP.
1.1, '\SSIGN:l.IENT. 1l1C rights nnd oblignlions or PFA GPEAI' under this AGREEMtNT sball inure tu
~I' benefit of and shnll be binding upon Ih, surcessors iUld assiglls ot'I'FA GI'EAP. and by !be
ex.~ntlon orlbis AGREEMENT, CONTR.1.CTOIt .~prllSl)' ~l'lI5cnls 10 any succession or
~ .. I . .
':\ :";IL'.' 'i I
II.' '1J.!"1:I 11':'~, .'I'M I'PII.I IH 1
'FEB-'04-9B WED 19:43
FAX NO, 71773007~o
P,06
.PFA, INC.
GPZA Partnership
1023 HWnma ROlld
Lemayn", PA 17043
('117) 7~1-4li46
1'0:
Anthony Bri.selli
PRON:
Matthew P. Amos
RB, PFA E~enBes
Date:
I;
January 3., 1997
EXPBNSE BUSINESS
Rent NoExp
CJ. t'!rl m,7 7 No Exp
Clerical 2 No Exp
"""-~~
Bell Atlantic No Exp Pay
Advertising ~ No Exp Pay
Legal & Accountind No Exp P~y
Office Supplies No Exp .Pay
Computer Supplies No Exp Pay j
Postaqe ~ No Exp .Pay ,
-4.Coffe'e No E~ Pay
--;WlJ.ter ~ No Exp Pd.y
Maintenance No Exp Pay
Misc. Expenses No Exp Pay
CTI ~ No Rxp Pay
")) Copies No Exp Pay
Express Mail No Exp !Jay
~ {!$. /4.'.
" . .Jd,
any Br.' ell~
\ .
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,
1<3-97
nate
to; -~l~,"..
'f I't': JUII':.I'.'
l'~-U.I-~~ ~':;~'~rM l'Uu~ II.ll
PROFESSIONAL FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC,
1023 Mumma Road
Lemoyne, PA 17043
(717) 761-4646
TO:
Tony Briselli
FROM:
Matt Amos
DATE:
November 14, 1996
RE:
Testing Procedures
Coongratulations on passing your Life, Accident and Health
Insurance Tests. The next procedure is for us to get you licensed
with our broker/dealer, 1717 Capital Management Company. The
paperwork is being sent to us from our home office. They will
inturn sponser you to take the Series 7, 63 and 65.
The fee for taking the Series 7, 63 and 65 tests is $526.50. Our
procedure is to reimburse the applicant after successful completion
of the exams and signing an employment agreement with PFA.
..
" PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE ACCOUNT "ARTNERSIIII'"
AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made this FIRST day of January, 1997, by and bClWcen MAITHEW P. AMOS
("AMOS"), CURT H. ZIMMERMANN ("ZIMMERMANN"), DAVID L. ENGLEHART
("ENGLEHART"), ALBERT D. D'AGOSTINO ("D'AGOSTINO"), and JEFFRY S. NICKUM
("NICKUM").
BACKGROUND
AMOS, ZIMMERMANN, ENGLEHART, D' AGOSTINO and NICKUM ( colleclively, !be
"PARTNERS") currently share office space and o!ber expenses relative to !beir separate activities
involving the practice of financial planning and !be sale of fmancial services induslly products. The
"PARTNERS" desire to enter into !bis AGREEMENT to fonnalize !bis relationship and their respective
rights and responsibilities.
NOW, THEREFORE, intending 10 be legally bound hereby, the ponies hereto agree as follows:
I, NAME, The PARTNERSHIP shall operate under !be name "PFA GENERAL PURPOSE
EXPENSE ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP
2, TERM. The PARTNERSHIP shall commence on the datc of execution of!bis AGREEMENT and
shall continue untillenninated as provided in this AGREEMENT.
3. CAPITAUEXPENSE CALLS. The PARTNERSHIP shall have no fL~ed capital as such-il is not
intended !bat any of !be PARTNERS will hold positive capital accounts or otherwise accumulate
equity in !be PARTNERSHIP. The primary purpose of !be PARTNERSHIP is to allocate common
office expenses among !be PARTNERS and function as an entity to enter inlo leases for office space
and o!ber contracts relating to the operation ora common office shared by the PARTNERS. AMOS,
as MANAGING PARTNER, shall, on a monthly basis, calculate the monthly cnsts of operating the
common office shared by Ihe PARTNERS, net of reimbursement from o!ber sources. Each
PARTNER shall!ben be liable to pay a pro rata share of such costs to !be PARTNERSHIP within
five business days of receipt of notice from !be MANAGING PARTNER of each PARTNER'S share
of the expenses.
4. ANNUAL REIMBURSEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS. The PARTNERS understand and
acknowledge that !be PARTNERSHIP will not generate any profit as such. However, on an annual
basis, AMOS, as MANAGING PARTNER, will review !be amounl of reimbursement for thc costs
of operating the common office from o!ber sources. Such reimbursement is dependent on !be amount
of revenues generated by the PARTNERS for the cnlities whose fmanelal services induslly products
and services are sold by the PARTNERS. Consequently, PARTNERS, who generate more revenues
for the reimbursing entities are conferring a benefit on !be PARTNERSHIP by reducing overall
expenses. Each PARTNER'S production will vary and the amount of reimbursement anributable 10
each PARTNER is not capable of precise calculation. Thereforc, AMOS, as MANAGING
PARTNER will review reimbursement figures and production data for each PARTNER on an
annual basis, as soon as is possible following the complelion of a calendar ycar. Any surplus in !be
PARTNERSHIP'S account willlhen be distributed to lhe PA "!.TNERS as a refund of expenses
previously advanced, in such proponions as AMOS, in his sole and absolute discrclion, deems
equitable given the faclors cited.
i:DEFENDA......S'~~
i.".....EXH. IB.,..~!.6~'i;m
It~.;:;S~11:~,:;~.,~ ;~~.lt}.'~.\~~~
)::oi'\fl:.','j'j, .J~,!~,;~i(,."~:,f<! ".
~'.!.)..; ~"'.\':.t. ..~.;II, """~1-l', ;
;0' " 1: '"'!f.'!$r a~ .:' I
"t' .. ~ ..".: I. .....:.,.m~
'..p'
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5. FI!lCAL YEAR. The liscal year of the PARTNEnSIIIP shall end on December 31 of each year.
6, MANAGEMENT AND AUTHORITY, AMOS, as MANAGING PARTNER, shall have sole
aUlhority to make conlmets and incur obligalions In lbe nllll1e and onlhc crcdit ofthe
PARTNERSHIP, which aUlhority shall extend 10 lbe execution of lease extcnsions for the office
space occupied by Ihe PARTNERS.
7. RESTRICTIONS ON LIFETIME TRANSFERS OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS.
a. No PARTNER shall, in any manner, sell, lI'ilIIsfer, donale, encumber, or olherwise dispose of all
or any part of his interest in lbe PARTNERSHIP without the wrinen consent of the
MANAGING PARTNER.
b, A PARTNER who desires to wilbdraw from lbe PARTNERSHIP or who olberwise voluntarily
ceases 10 bc aClively involved in the practice of fmancial planning and the sale of fmancial
scrvices industry products with lbe other PARTNERS, ("WITHDRA WING PARTNER")
shall provide notice of his intent to withdraw to the MANAGING PARTNER. A
WITHDRA WING PARTNER shall remain liablc for all expense calls under the provisions of
this AGREEMENT AND THE A'lTACHED, PFA GPEA INDIVIDUAL PARTNER'S
EXPENCE SCHUDLES for a period of NINETY CALENDAR DAYS (90 days) following
giving of notice to lbe MANAGING PARTNER. In addition, a WITHDRAWING
PARTNER shall remain fully liable for expense calls and olber obligalions attributable to
contractual duties oflbe PARTNERSHIP extending beyond lbe effective date of the wilbdrawal
if such obligations were incurred by the PARTNERSHIP prior to lbe effective date of
withdrawal. The foregoing notwilbstanding, the MANAGING PARTNER, in his sole
discretion and with reasonable consideration, shall have lbe authority to enter into an agreement
on behalfofthe PARTNERSHIP to release or indeOll1ilY a WITHDRAWING PARTNER
from poslwithdraw expense calls and pre-withdrawal contractual obligations of the
PARTNERSHIP.
c. . Thc PARTNERS acknowledge that new PARTNERS may be admined to lbe PARTNERSHIP
upon decision oflbe MANAGING PARTNER, with Ihe sllll1e rights and responsibilities as the
other PARTNERS hereunder.
8. EFFECT OF DEATH OR DISABILITY OF A PARTNER. In lbe event a PARTNER dies or
becomes disabled to lbe extenl that he can no longer actively carry onlbe praclice of fmancial planning
and the sale of linancial services industry products, the disabled PARTNER or lbe estate of the
dcceased PARTNER shall no longer be treated as a PARTNER of the PARTNERSHIP as oflbe
date of death or the onset of disability, except thatlbc disabled PARTNER or the estate oflbe
deceased PARTNER shall remain secondarily liable for all obligalions of the PARTNERSHIP
eXlending beyond lbe dale of dealb or disability if such obligations were incurred by the
PARTNERSHIP prior 10 the date ofdealb or onset of disability.
9. TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT. This AGREEMENT shall terminate upon cessation of the
PARTNERSHIP'S business. Bankruptcy, reccivership. or dissolution of the PARTNERSHlP,lbe
voluntary agreemcnt of all the then PARTNERS, or upon the decision ofthe MANAGING
PARTNER.
PFA, INC.
GPEA Partnership
1023 Mumma Road
Le.moyzae, PA 17043
(717) 7&1-4&4&
TO:
Curt H. Zimmermann
FROM:
Ma t thew P. Amos
RE:
PFA Expenses
Date: .
January 1, 1997
EXPENSE
BUSINESS
Pay
Pay
Pay
PERSONAL
N/A
N/A
N/A
Rent:
Clerical 1
Cl eri cal 2
Bell At:lant:ic
Advert:ising
Legal & Accoun t:ing
Office Supplies
Computer Supplies
Post:age
Coffee
Wat:er
Maint:enance
Misc. Expenses
CTI
Copies
Express Mail
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
c=ltJf~
PFA, INC.
GPEA Partnership
3.023 Mumma Road
LemoJ'12e, PA 3. 7043
(7J. 7) 763. -4646
7'0:
JeEErey S. Nickum
FROM:
Ma t thew P. Amos
RE:
PFA Expenses
Date:
Januazy 3., 1997
EXPENSE
BUSINESS
Pay
Pay
Pay
PERSONAL
N/A
N/A
N/A
Rent
Clerical 1
Cl eri cal 2
Bell Atlantic
Advertisinr;
Ler;al & Accountinr;
OEEice Supplies
Computer Supplies
Postage
CoEEee
Wa ter
Maintenance
Misc. Expenses
CTI
Copies
Express Mail
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
~~Mt
JeEE . i um
1::1-h. I4t
Datff
.'
.'
"
PFA, INC.
GPEA Partnership
.1023 Mumma Road
LemoYDe, PA 17043
(717) 7&1-4&4&
TO:
David L. Englehart
FROM:
Ma t thew P. Amos
RE:
PFA Expenses
Date:,
January 1, 1997
EXPENSE BUSINESS PERSONAL
Rent Pay N/A
Clerical 1 Pay N/A
Clerical 2 Pay N/A
1
Bell Atlantic Pay Pay
Advertising Pay Pay j
Legal & Accoun ting Pay Pay
Office Supplies Pay Pay
Computer Supplies Pay Pay
Postage Pay Pay ,.
..
'Coffee Pay Pay
Water Pay Pay '.
,..
;
Maintenance Pay Pay ~1
Misc. Expenses Pay. Pay .(
~
CTI Pay Pay , ~.
.
Copies Pay Pay ,
Express Mail Pay Pay
,.
~,
, '
At) LcJ 'i <A^-'l llj
David L, Englejart
I"Z. - 'Z.1 -' #if.
Date
PFA, INC.
GPEA Partnership
1023 Mumma Road
Lemoyz:ze, PA 17043
(717) 761-4646
TO:
Albert D. D'Agostino
FROM:
Ma t thew P. Amos
RB:
PFA Expenses
Date:.
January 1, 1997
EXPENSE
BUSINESS
Pay
Pay
Pay
PERSONAL
N/A
N/A
N/A
Rent
Clerical 1
Clerical 2
Bell Atlantic
Advertising
Legal & Accounting
Office Supplies
Computer Supplies
Postage
Coffee
Wa ter
Maintenance
Misc. Expenses
CTI
Copies
Express Mail
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay.
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
Pay
w]) P
Jd:;;;
/~/:<Ih(.
Date(
" FEB-I3-eB-1'RI II: 43
"~'I .,.~ M::;W BUSIt-aSS ~ER
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7177300749
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FAX NO, 71773007
P,03
-
to ltl PAtVt.'l'LANNEft:l, FINANCIAL ADVrSOIl:THAJNIlES. AND INDF.PENDANT
CONTnACTOns.
6. CONFIOF.NTIAL,INFORMATION O~. OTH1'.RIl. The CONTRA-crOR "pre...,.., thAt W. duli..
with PPA GPEAP wllJ not require him 10 violate ony obliGation tu or confidence ofanolbcr,
,...-:;- PROPRIETARV INFORMATION'. As wed herein,the tenn "PROPRIETARY
1 /. INFORMATION" m.lUl!l:
A. Lilli of or other rccords pcrtalning to PFA CPEAP clients or pro!lJlClCtive cUenl.l, whether
kePI or maintained by PPA GPF.AP nr Ih" CONnUC.TOR, Ind whlllher or not the ell.nl
or prospective cUent 1V3.\ firSI contacted, sollchcd, or prodlU:ed for PFA CPEAP by the
CON1'RACTon,... weU., My Md Alllurrll"'.Uuu wUlulncd In such 11515 oro1!lcr
ReCORDS ("CLffiNT RIlCOROS"); iIlld
II. Any other Information 01 . conlidenllal, proprietory, or secret n.ture which Is or may be
oppUcable to. ur relaled In ony way to HIe business ur. PF A GP:EAi'. Iocludinu. by way nf
example and nOlllrnltallon. data, know how, techniqUes. mll/keting plans or strategies, and
lhc term!i nf cnl1tr;!r.u or nrr.tnel":ml!"l1ts with vendon; of tinancinl cervlccc inductrJ product:J:
and
C. All Cm.ncilll infonnotion And ,,,,,,,,,I. I.Ialluglu PFA GPEAP'S cUeo15.
3. PIlOl'RIRTAK\' INl'UIlMA'l'lUN TO BE KEPT IN CONFIDNECE.
A. CONTRACTOR acknowledCes tIw the PROPRIET AR\' INFORMATION Is a special,
v.lu.ble. and unique .".t ofl'FA Gl'EAP ond CONTRACTOR ogrcc. .t.1I tim.. dw'llIg
th. period ofhJs or her .clVice., for I'FA GPEAP .nd there;U\er 10 keep In confldCllec and
trust.ll I'ROPlUETARY INFORMATION. CONTRACTOR acrccs mar during !he
period of his services to PFA Gl'E^~ and Ihcre,lftcr be wllJ nol directly or indirectly use Ihe
l'IWPRlET ARY INFORMATION ulher than in the Course of performIng dulies as a
CONTRAClORofPFA GPEAP. nor wllJ lbe CONTRACI"OR directly nr Indirc:r.tly
disclo,. any PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 01' anything relating thereTO to any pet~Oll
or enthy, "'..pt in the Cour.. .f!><<fonning duti"".., CONTltACTOR ofPFA OPEAI'....u
with the consent of PFA Gl'EAP, CONTRACTOR will abide by PF A GPEAP'S policies
and rosul.tlon, .. ""~wlis~.d frum time to time, for the protection of iL. I'I<Ul'JUEl' ARY
INFORMATION.
B. Upon tbe telmlnation of services to PFA GPEAP'S pursuant to this AGREEMENT,
regardless of clrcunlstu!ees. CONTRACI"OR Q2rtes not ta remav. nny PROI'RmTARY
INFORMATION' from PFA GPEAP'S ornces. either In an orlgwlll funn or In duplleatc or
copi.. !b....from. and asno.. nolto l""',milany .uch propri.1:u)' infollllatloll V.,ually, III
audition, CONTRACI"OR wlU promptly deliver to I'FA GPEAP'S all documents, dala,
ICl.VI'U' lUllI uthCT tnlbrmatlon reCllnlng to bJs services to l'}'A GPEAP'S, and
CONTRACI"OR shall notlllke any docunlenla or dillO, con mining or pertaJnln~ to any
PROI'RIl:TARY lNFORMA'1'IUN.
9. RESTRlrnvF; COVENANTS
A. CONTRACTOR 'Sl'ees Ihat b. will not, directly or indirectly. during thc "RESTRICTIVE
COVENANTS PERIOD" and within !he .1tI!.~'I'J{J('''I'J::J) AJU:A",.. hereinafter defined,
perfornl serliees far. own, manage. or be emplOyed by any "RESTRICI"F.D FIRM" as
hereinaficr uetined.
B. CONTRACTOR a~rees that he will QOI, directly nr iadirmly. durinG t1", RESTRICTIVE
COVENANT PERIOD. either on his Ol\'n ",couot, or as. partner. bloker, agent, salesman.
r;n:mt'i:'l1 pl:\nJ1~r. mvw'""tn1enc :k:fvi.or, or ..mplo)'oo u(Wlnrhcr, ,oUc:ito" service or hJlhJh: ~Ul
inve..tmenr, bUDlJng. linaneial planning, hr,'kor.So ur other securiries bu,incss f~r clients
"
,.
',' 1 .:-: .lllll ':.1 ~1
lll-I'::-~d l\t\:.lL~AM l'...It\.l lIj~
R-~15"-o
Jnd-12-9B HON 08:31
FAX NO, 71773007
canied on !he book. ofP.!'A GPEAP'S w/lh whom Ihero h... been any tnuunctlon within We
46 calcnd"'l11outll ~I iUI lu LlJolcrmlnatJon dalc or services under W, AGRF.F.M'ENT
wheHler or nOI such bu,'ness was handled by CONTRACTOR.
C, CONTRACTOR ullree'II1.~ while Port'ormlna S<rvIC..to PFA GI'EAP, and during !he
RESTRICI'IVE COVENANT PERIOD, CONTRACI'OR will not cause or induce anyone
tIlc" pcrfilnnlng servlccslo PYA Gl'tAl'to ce.se pcrtonnlug scrviccs to PPA GPF.AP fDl'
the purpose. nfperfonning services 10 lbe CONTRACTOR nr to nny RESTRICTED
JlIRM.
D. For PIU'POIC3 oflhJs paragraph, Ihe following ""finitlons Ipply:
I. "RESTRICTIVE COVENANT PERIOD" Is. period off our years
conuueneing upon termination or CONTRAC.'TOKS strvices pursuant 10 this
AGREEMENT;
2. "RESTRICTIVE AREA" is a geoglllphie area wi!hin Ihe boarden Oflhe
Commonwealth orpennsylvi1/1lo:
3. "FIRM" means Iny person, corporation, fltm, Plll1Dcrlhlp,Jolnt venture, or
olher entity;
4. "RESTRICTIVE FIRM" means a firm which engages In a competing Une of
basin... to tho! of PPA GPEAl' Or which. mlrine either the term nr.,r.JVic~.
hereunder Or Ibc RESTRICTIVE COVENANT PEIlIOIJ. compete, with PFA
GPEAP as an luvesuncntadvfsoJ}' leIVlcc. nr finonr.lo' pl"nner. or oP....t.1I as a
securities or commndioes brokcragefirm. invesancnt banklue cuncern, or
inveSbnenllllsttumenl sales oreanl>atinn.
L
E. Each sUbpruvisioa oflhls parall1'.ph shall hc cnn.rn...d.. on nareemenl indcplnd,nraflh.
other sUbprovisioDs or provisions berco~ and the existence of any claim or eaU1e of actlOD of
tbe CONTRACI'OR against PF A GPF.A P, "'bother predleltod on thl. ^GREEMENT Or
otherwise, shall nol constitute a defcnselo the eDforcement by PFA GPEAP ofthcsc
IU!STIlICTIVE COVRNANTS.
10. CAN'f'F.1.I A.TION 011 nr.n CONTRACTS. AUprev;ou. CONTRACTS /lOvcrning .cryl.u by
the CONTRACTOR to PFA GPEAP, ;fany, arc terminated aad cllf\cclcd... of III. WIle ofthfs
AGREEMENT.
II. NO'l"rf'R Any NOTICE requirod ar permillad to bo,ivcn under this AGRIlEII1l:NT .holl b.
sUfficleDt Ifln wriliag, and if delivered or sent by ccrtJlled mail to thc laJt kaown rcsldcnce of the
r.ONTRACI'OR, ac, fi.rPFA CPIlAP, to n. prJaaipol affiee In lemO)'tle, PCllll',....,,!..
12. WAIVl1R Oli' BRIUCR. Tho WAIVl:R h)' PYA Gl'nAl' 01' A DkEACII ululIY prllvlslon orthl,
AGREEMENT shall not oper~ll: Or be eonstrued as a WAIVER ohny subsequent or cODdDuiDg
R1U:ACll by tho CONTRACTOR .fthe """'c of other P'OYi';III1.
13. INJUN(':TJON. CONTRACTOn .gre.. that It will h. dimeub 10 llleasure dam.gesla PFA GPl::AJ'
from any BREACH by CONTRACTOR of the Promises set forth in JW;Igrnph S,6.8,alld 9 herein.
.hot injury 10 PYA CPEA!' from lln)' .ueb BREACH wuul<l be Impossible to calcul;ue, Iud that
money danlagea would thercCore be llI1lnadCljUllle remedy far III1Y such breach. Accordingl)',
CONTRACTOR 'Cre"" thet ifhe/.bc sh.1I ""'''U11Ul)' provfsloDS Orparasraphs 5,6,8. and 9,I'FA
GPEAP shKII be emil/cd, in additioD 10 all other l'ClIledies that PFA GPEAP may have, 10 ir1iuDctions
of olher ""p,'oprlale orderola I'Csnalll "1)' ,u.1t bn:aeh hy CONTRACTOR IVllhout ShOWlDe" or
proving any actual damages sustained by PFA GPEAr.
14. ASSlCNMEN't Thc rights llI1d oblig.tions ofPFA GPEAl' underlbis AGREEMF.NT sh.ll inure tn
thc benent ohlld s!W1 b. bUl<ling upun the ""cel.lars and as,igns on'Jo"'" GPF.AP, and by the
execution oftWs AGREF.IIIENT, COS'l'RACTOnexpressll' COnlellts to any suecession or
1177)(1074';)
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R M W T r . R M T W T F S
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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP
Plaintiff
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
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V.
ANTHONY BRISELLI
Defendant
NO. 98-0837 EQUITY TERM
IN RE: PLAINTIFF'S REOUEST FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
BEFORE GUIDO. J.
ORDER
'"
,
AND NOW, this
It.~
day of APRIL, 1998, Plaintiff's
request for a Preliminary Injunction is DENIED. Defendant is
directed to return the originals of all files he removed from
Plaintiff's offices. Provided, however, that Defendant may
retain the original documents in his personnel file if he returns
copies of those documents to Plaintiff.
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Thomas P. Gacki, Esquire
For the Petitioner
Edward E. Guido, J.
Carol J. Lindsay, Esquire
For the Defendant
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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP
Plaintiff
I IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
I
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V.
ANTHONY BRISELLI
Defendant
NO. 98-0837 EQUITY TERM
IN REI PLAINTIFF'S REOUEST FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
BEFORE GUIDO. J.
OPINION AND ORDER OF COURT
On February 11, 1998, plaintiff filed a complaint in Equity
seeking enforcement of certain restrictive covenants contained in
an independent contractor agreement between the parties. On
February 13, 1998, plaintiff requested the issuance of a
Preliminary Injunction against Defendant to prevent him from
competing against plaintiff during the pendency of this action.
On March 2, 1998, a hearing was held before this Court for the
purpose of determining whether or not a preliminary injunction
should be granted. For the reasons hereinafter set forth, we
feel that it should not.
FINDINGS OF FACT
plaintiff is a Pennsylvania partnership. Its general
managing partner is Matthew Amos (hereafter "AmOs"). All of the
partners in Plaintiff are also shareholders in PFA, Inc. PFA,
Inc. is a Pennsylvania Corporation which is in the business of
financial planning for a fee. All of the shareholders of PFA,
Inc. are certified financial planners. They are also licensed to
sell financial products, such as annuities, securities and
NO. 98-0837 EQUITY
insurance contracts. Typically, a financial plan would be
prepared for a fee by one of the shareholders for a client of
PFA, Inc. Any financial products recommended as part of that
plan would be sold to the client by the individual shareholders.
Plaintiff was formed by the individual shareholders of PFA,
Inc. for the sole purpose of sharing office expenses. Plaintiff
has no clients, generates no income, and does not file any tax
returns.
Defendant graduated from Shippensburg University in the
summer of 1996. He sent a resume to Amos in August of 1996. In
September of 1996, it was agreed that Amos would hire Defendant.l
However, Defendant was directed to secure various licenses to
sell financial products before he started work.
Between September and the end of the year, Defendant and
Amos met at least ten (10) times to discuss the terms of his
employment.' During the course of those meetings Amos and
Defendant agreed that Defendant would be paid an annual salary of
$18,000 plus commission. In addition, he was to be paid a $2000
bonus for obtaining his various licenses.'
lIt was not clear at that time for whom Defendant would be
working.
'They also discussed his progress in obtaining his licenses.
Amos agreed for certain reimbursement of costs to be paid to
Defendant, and helped him prepare the necessary applications to
obtain said licenses.
'There was never any discussion at these meetings regarding
Defendant's employment being conditioned upon his willingness to
agree to a non-competition provision in his employment agreement.
2
NO. 98-0837 EQUITY
Defendant obtained all of his licenses by the end of 1996.
He started work on January 15, 1997.' On that date Arnos asked
Defendant to sign a "Para-Planner, Financial Advisor Trainee, and
Independent Contractor Agreement." The agreement was prepared by
Amos from a form he had on his computer. Paragraph 9 of the
agreement contains "Restrictive Covenants" which would prevent
Defendant from, inter alia, working for, or owning, any firm
which "engages in a competing line of business to that. of
[Plaintiff]." It also would preclude him from doing business
with "clients carried on the books of [Plaintiff] with whom there
has been any transaction within the forty-eight (48) calendar
months prior to the termination date" of Defendant. Amos, his
partners, and Defendant were not aware of the existence, let
alone the terms, of the restrictive covenants when the agreement
was signed on January 15, 1997.s
Although the contract for employment was with Plaintiff,
Defendant actually performed services for, and was paid by, the
'It was still not clear for whom he would be working.
sDefendant testified that he only reviewed the agreement to
make sure that the financial terms were correct. The actions of
Amos and the other partners, when Defendant announced his
intention to leave and to go into a competing business of his own
convinced this Court that no one was aware of the existence of
the restrictive covenant at the time the agreement was signed.
When told by Defendant that he was going to set up his own
business, each partner wished him luck and expressed the hope
that they might even do business together. Amos even gave him a
"big hug". Some of the partners actually referred clients to
him, and continued to take him on business calls after his
termination.
3
'"'
NO. 9B-OB37 EQUITY
individuals who were parties to the partnership agreement. He
basically sold insurance and other financial products to
customers of PFA, Inc. During his tenure, he did not receive any
specialized knowledge or training that is not common in the field
of selling financial products. He would have received the same
training and knowledge at anyone of the dozens of financial
planning firms doing business in Dauphin and Cumberland Counties.
At the end of 1997, Defendant advised Amos and the other
partners that he was going to go into business on his own. When
he left, he took his personnel file, which contained his
licenses, as well as the file of his father and one other client
of PFA, Inc. Since setting up his own business, he has not sold
financial products to any client of the individual shareholders
of PFA, Inc. except to clients of Albert D'Agostino. His
dealings with Mr. D'Agostino's clients have been at the request
of Mr. D'Agostino.
DISCUSSION
The standards for granting a preliminary injunction are
extremely high. All-pak. Inc. v. Johnston, ____ Pa. Super. ____,
694 A.2d 347 (1997). This is because "a preliminary injunction
is somewhat like a judgment and execution before trial." Herman
v. Dixon, 393 Pa. 33 at 36, 141 A.2d 576 at 577 (195B). It will
not be granted unless the Plaintiff's right is clear and the
wrong is manifest. Sinqzon v. Dept. of Public Welfare, 496 Pa.
B, 436 A.2d 125 (19B1). Since we are far from convinced that
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NO. 9B-OB37 EQUITY
Plaintiff's right is clear, we are not willing to grant a
preliminary injunction in the instant case.
The general rule in Pennsylvania is that restrictive
covenants in restraint of trade are enforceable if all of the
following conditions are met:
1) They are incident to an employment relationship between
the parties to the covenant.'
2) The restrictions are necessary for the protection of the
employer.
3) The restrictions are reasonably limited in duration and
geographical extent.
4) There is adequate consideration.
Morqan's Home Equipment Corp. v. Martucci, 390 Pa. 61B, 136 A.2d
B3B (1957) and Maintenance Specialties. Inc. v. Gottus, 455 Pa,
327, 314 A.2d 279 (1974). At the very least, it appears that
Plaintiff's evidence falls short in connection with the second
and fourth conditions.
PROTECTION OF THE EMPLOYER
In order to be enforceable, the restrictive covenant must be
reasonably necessary to protect a legitimate business interest of
the employer. Thermo-Guard. Inc. v. Cochran, 40B Pa. Super. 54,
596 A.2d 188 (1991). As the Thermo-Guard Court noted, "we must
balance the interest the employer seeks to protect against the
'Most of the cases we have found deal with an employer-
employee relationship. However, in Ouaker Citv Enqine Rebuilders
v. Toscano, 369 Pa, Super, 573, 535 A.2d 1083, (1987) the
Superior Court held that a restrictive covenant may be enforced
against an independent contractor if it meets the other
requirements.
5
NO. 98-0837 EQUITY
important interest of the employee in being able to earn a living
in his chosen profession." 408 Pa. Super. at 65, 596 A.2d at
194.
Defendant has chosen to make his living selling insurance
POlicies, annuities, securities and other financial products.
He has obtained his licenses to do so. Plaintiff did not provide
him with any specialized training or knowledge that was not
available at anyone of the dozens of other firms in this area
that sell these financial products. The Court in Thermo-Guard
found that the employees received no specialized training or
knowledge and refused to issue an injunction. We feel that
Thermo-Guard is very similar to the case at bar. For that reason
we are not prepared to issue a preliminary injunction.
However, there is another reason to deny the requested
relief. Plaintiff has absolutely no business interest which will
be protected by enforcing the covenant. Plaintiff does not sell
financial products, nor does it have any clients or employees.
As Plaintiff's partnership agreement provides:
The primary purpose of the PARTNERSHIP is to allocate cornmon
office expenses among the PARTNERS and function as an entity
to enter into leases for office space and other contracts
relating to the operation of a cornmon office shared by the
PARTNERS.
(See Defendant's Exhibit #1).7 The contract creating the
7Since Plaintiff is simply an expense sharing entity, the
language of the restrictive covenant does not make any sense. As
indicated in our findings of fact, we are satisfied that neither
party was aware that the covenant not to compete was in the
contract at the time it was executed. We are certain that Mr.
6
NO. 98-0837 EQUITY
employment relationship is between Plaintiff and Defendant. It
is not between PFA, Inc. and Defendant. The only one with any
arguable business interest to protect is PFA, Inc. However,
since covenants not to compete must be strictly construed against
the employer, (See AII-Pak v. Johnston), Plaintiff's request for a
preliminary injunction must fail.
ADEOUACY OF CONSIDERATION
We find this case to also be strikingly similar to Georqe W.
Kistler. Inc. v. O'Brien, 464 Pa. 475, 347 A.2d 311, (1975). In
the instant case, as in Kistler, the parties had agreed to the
Defendant's pay and duties prior to his start of work. As the
Kistler Court stated:
... (E)vidence of mutual assent to employ and be employed
which contains all of the elements of a contract may be
construed as a binding contract of employment though not
reduced to writing. 464 Pa. at 483-484. 347 A.2d at 315.
We are satisfied that an oral contract existed between the
parties prior to January 15, 1997. Since the restrictive
covenant was not part of that oral contract, it must be viewed as
a post employment covenant. Therefore, it must be supported by
new consideration.. However, Plaintiff has not offered evidence
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Amos simply found a form contract on his computer, typed in the
names of the parties and the financial terms, and the contract
printed out. Since neither party was aware of the terms,
Defendant may well prevail at trial on the underlying action
because of mutual mistake.
."While a restrictive covenant, in order to be valid need
not appear in the initial contract, if it is agreed upon at some
later time it must be supported by new consideration." Kistler
v. O'Brien supra, 347 A.2d at 316.
"
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7
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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP,
Plaintiff
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
vs.
CIVIL ACTION - EQUITY
NO. 98.837 EQUITY TERM
ANTHONY BRISELLI,
Defendant
NOTICE TO PLEAD
YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED to plead to the within New Matter and within twenty (20)
days after service of this Answer and New Matter.
FLOWER, MORGENTHAL FLOWER & LINDSAY
Attorneys for Defendant
By:
aral J. i dsay, Esquire
ID # 44 3
11 East High Street
Carlisle, PA 17013
(717) 243-5513
l':\Wll~l\hrl"'clll\l'llllnlcr.lmh tile '~~1'J"JX.1I1 ~t;l)' 2X,!lJIJX
PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSHIP,
Plaintiff
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNlY, PENNSYLVANIA
V5.
CIVIL ACTION - EQUITY
NO. 98.837 EQUITY TERM
ANTHONY BRISELLI,
Defendant
ANSWER AND COUNTER-CLAIM
Now comes ANTHONY BRISELLI, by and through his counsel, FLOWER, MORGENTHAL,
FLOWER & LINDSAY, P.C., and answers the Complaint as follows.
1. Admitted.
2, Denied, On the contrary, Plaintiff does not engage in the business of financial
planning and the sale of various financial services industry products. By way of further answer,
Plaintiff is a partnership, the purpose of which is to allocate common office expenses among the
partners and function as an entity to enter into leases for office space and other contracts relating'
to the operation of a common office shared by the partners.
3, Admitted,
4. Admitted,
5. Admitted,
6. Admitted that Plaintiff and Defendant signed a Para-Planner, Financial Advisor
Trainee, and Independent Contractor Agreement on January 15, 1997. As to the other allegations
set out in Paragraph 6, the Agreement speaks for itself.
By way of further answer, the written
Agreement did not memorialize the Agreement of the parties.
c:\wp51\hrlsclIl\l'l1unlcr.lIns rile N.~~71}.'JI".1J1 ~ta~' 2H,IlJ'JH
C. Denied that Defendant Is using proprietary marketing techniques and
information developed by Plaintiff to pursue his own financial planning business, By
way of further answer, Defendant avers that Plaintiff has no proprietary marketing
techniques and Information.
COUNT ONE -. PETITION FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
16. The answers set out in Paragraphs 1-15 are incorporated herein by reference.
17, Denied the Defendant breached the Agreement. Denied that any action of Defendant
caused irreparable harm to Plaintiff, Denied that such alleged harm Is not compensable In
damages. Denied that Plaintiff suffered any damages. Strict proof is required at trial.
18. No answer required, The Agreement speaks for itself.
19. Denied that greater harm would result from the denial of injunctive relief than from
granting injunctive relief, On the contrary, the harm to Defendant by granting injunctive relief would
deprive him of his livelihood while not appreciably benefiting Plaintiff.
20. Denied that Plaintiff is likely to prevail in a full hearing on the merits for injunctive relief.
On the contrary, Plaintiff did not prevail at a preliminary hearing, Denied that equities weigh in
favor of the Plaintiff. On the contrary, equities weigh in favor of the Defendant.
WHEREFORE, Defendant prays this Honorable Court dismiss the Petition for Injunctive
Relief,
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C:\WII$I\hrillelli\munler,lInll rile ISS7t).l)K.1I1 May 2K.JlNK
COUNT TWO .. ACCOUNTING/DAMAGES
21. The answers set out in Paragraphs 1-20 are incorporated herein by reference.
22. Denied that Defendant breached the Agreement. Denied that Defendant has been
unjustly enriched. Denied that any goodwill has been imparted by Plaintiff to Defendant. Strict
proof is demanded at trial.
23. Denied that Defendant breached the Agreement. Denied that Defendant has been
unjustly enriched. Denied that Defendant has received any revenues in violation of the non-
competition provisions of the Agreement, and strict proof is demanded at trial.
24. Denied that Plaintiff has been deprived of revenues properly the property of Plaintiff.
Denied that Defendant breached an Agreement. Strict proof is required at trial.
WHEREFORE, Defendant prays this Honorable Court to dismiss the Complaint.
COUNTER-CLAIM
25, The answers set out in Paragraphs 1-24 are incorporated herein by reference,
26. Plaintiff agreed to pay Defendant $18,000.00 per year and an additional $2,000.00
bonus upon Defendant's passing the insurance examination and the Series 7, 65 and 63 securities
examinations,
27. Defendant passed the examinations required, but Plaintiff refused to pay him the
$2,000. 00 promised.
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VERIFICATION
I. the undersigned, hereby verify that the statements made herein are true and correct. I
understand that false statements herein are made subject to the penalties of 18 Pa, C,S. !i 4904,
relating to unsworn falsification to authorities,
{2~~.
.. y Briselli
Date: ...'5"-/8' c;lJ
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PFA GENERAL PURPOSE EXPENSE
ACCOUNT PARTNERSH[P
Plaintiff
[N THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYL V AN[A
v,
CIVIL ACT[ON--EQU[TY
ANTHONY BR[SELLI
Defendant
NO, 98-837
PLAINTIFF'S ANSWER TO DEFENDANT'S COUNTERCLAIM
AND NOW comes Plaintiff, PFA General Purpose Expense Account Partnership, by its
attorney, Thomas p, Gacki, Esquire, and sets forth the following Answer to Counterclaim:
25, Requires no response,
26, Denied as stated, By way of further answer, the agreement speaks for itself
27, Admitted in part and denied in part, It is admitted that Defendant passed the
examinations referenced, It is denied that Plaintiff promised any $2,000,00 payment.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests that Defendant's counterclaim be dismissed,
Respectfully Submitted,
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Thomas P. Gacki
Atty, ID #44864
4775 Linglestown Road, Suite 200
Harrisburg, PA [7[ [2
717-671-1958
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF
CERTIFICA TE OF SERVICE
AND NOW, this / .$day of J II " ,
, 1998, I, Thomas p, Gacki, certifY that I have this
day served the attached document by depositing a copy of the same in the United States Mail, postage
prepaid, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, addressed as follows:
Carol J, Lindsay, Esquire
Flower Morgenthal Flower and Lindsay, p, C,
11 East High Street
Carlisle, PA 17013
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