HomeMy WebLinkAbout04-1815
JOHN F. GARNER,
Petitioner
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA
vs,
NO: OLl-.JPI$ C.i,->~C /~
LICENSE SUSPENSION
APPEAL
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
BUREAU OF DRIVER LICENSING,
Respondent
TO THE HONORABLE JUDGES OF SAID COURT:
AND NOW, thisQbth day of April, 2004, comes John F. Garner, by and through his
attorney, David E. Hershey, Esquire and Wiley, Lenox, Colgan & Marzzacco, P,C., and
respectfully files the following License Suspension Appeal, averring as follows:
1. Petitioner, John F. Garner is an adult licensed driver with a residence
address of 42 Glenview Drive, Dillsburg, York County, Pennsylvania 17019, and a
mailing address of P.O, Box 507, Dillsburg, York County, Pennsylvania 17019,
2. The Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing has a
mailing address of 1101 South Front Street, Harrisburg, PA 17104,
3. Petitioner received a notice of a proposed 1i3-month license suspension
with a mail date of March 26, 2004 for an alleged refusall)f chemical testing pursuant to
Section 1547 of the Vehicle Code, See Exhibit "A" attached hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.
4, The suspension proposed by the Department is illegal, improper, and
invalid for some or all of the following reasons:
a. Petitioner was not given the implied consent warnings in
compliance with Section 1547(b)(2).
b. Said suspension is otherwise in violation of Section 1547 of the
Vehicle Code and/or case law.
c. Said suspension notice is incorrect and therefore violates
Petitioner's due process rights under the Pennsylvania
Constitution.
5. The incident giving rise to the Department's notice occurred in
Cumberland County thereby conferring venue and jurisdicti,on with this court.
WHEREFORE, Petitioner prays that Your Honorable Court enter an Order
staying the proposed suspension until such time as the ca8e can be heard on its merits
and further scheduling this matter for a hearing.
By:
Respectfully submitted,
~t
~~SQUIRE
THE WILEY GROUP
130 W. Church Street
Dillsburg, Pennsylvania 17019
1.0, #: 43092
JOHN F, GARNER,
Petitioner
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERU:..ND COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA
vs,
NO:
2004
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
BUREAU OF DRIVER LICENSING,
Respondent
LICENSE SUSPENSION
APPEAL
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE;
I, Shawna L. Varner, Legal Assistant in the Law Firm The Wiley Group, hereby
certify that I , on this day, serving a copy of the foregoing document to the attorneys or
parties of record in the manner indicated below which satisfies the requirements of the
Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, by depositing a copy of s~e in the United States
Mail, postage pre-paid at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on the U ./ day of April 2004.
George Kabusk, Esquire
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Office of Chief Counsel
1101 South Front Street
Harrisburg, PA 17104-251€l
JOHN F. GARNER,
Petitioner
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA
vs.
NO:
2004
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
BUREAU OF DRIVER LICENSING,
Respondent
LICENSE SUSPENSION
APPEAL
VERIFICATION
I, David E. Hershey, on behalf of my client verify that the statements made in this
document are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief. I
understand that false statements herein are made subject to the penalties of 18 Pa. C,S.
94904, relating to unsworn falsification to authorities.
Respectfully submitted,
~/
DA'JItrf, HERSHEY, ESQUIRE
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Bureau of Driver Licensing
Mail Date: MARCH 26. 2004
-
-
JOHN f GARNER
823 BRIAN DRIVE
ENOLA PA 17025
WID. 040796194211846 001
PROCESSING DATE 03/19/2004
DRIVER LICENSE. 20847303
DATE Of BIRTH 11/10/1961
Dear MR. GARNER:
This is an Official Notice of the suspension of your Driving
Privilege as authorized by Section 1547B1II of the
Pennsylvania Vehicle Code. As a result of your violation
of Section 1547 of the Vehicle Code, CHEMICAL TEST REFUSAL,
on 03/06/2004:
. Your driving privilege is SUSPENDED for a period of 18
MONTH(S) effective 04/30/2004 at 12:01 a.m.
COMPLYING WITH THIS SUSPENSION
You must return all current Pennsylvania driLver's licenses,
learner's permits, temporarY driver's l:icenses (camera
cards) in your possession on or before 04/30/2004. You maY
surrender these items before, 04/30/2004. for earlier
credit; however, you maY not drive after these items are
surrendered.
YOU MAY NOT RETAIN YOUR DRIVER'S LICENSE FOR IDENTIFICATION
PURPOSES. However, you may applY for and obtain a photo
identification card at any Driver License Center for a cost
of 10.00. You must present two (2) forms of proper iden-
tification (e.g., birth certificate, valid U.S. passport,
marriage certificate, etc.) in order to obtain your photo
identification card.
YoU will not receive credit toward serving any suspension
until we receive your license(s). Complete the following
steps to acknowledge this suspension.
1. Return all current Pennsylvania driver's licenses,
learner's permits and/or camera cards to PennDOT. If
you do not have any of these items, send a sworn nota-
rized letter stating you are aware of the suspension of
your driving privilege. You must specifY in your letter
whY you are unable to return your driver's license.
Remember: You maY not retain your driver's license for
identification purposes. Please send these items to:
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
~ EXHIBIT
i A.
-
040796194211846
Bu~eau of D~ive~ Licensing
P.O. Box 68693
Ha~~isbu~9' PA 171ij6-8693
2. Upon ~eceipt, ~eview and acceptance of you~ Pennsylvania
d~ive~'s licensees), lea~ne~ls pe~mit(s). and/o~ a swo~n
nota~ized lette~. PennDOT will send you a ~eceipt con-
fi~ming the date that c~edit began. If you do not ~e-
ceive a ~eceipt f~om us within 3 weeks. please contact
ou~ office. Othe~wise, you will not be given c~edit
towa~d se~ving this suspension. PennDOT phone numbe~s
a~e listed at the end of this lette~.
3. If you do not ~etu~n all cu~~ent d~ivl!~ license p~o-
ducts, we must ~efe~ this matte~ to the Pennsylvania
state police fo~ p~osecution unde~ SECTION 1571 (a) (4)
of the Pennsylvania Vehicle Code.
PAYING THE RESTORATION FEE
You must pay a ~esto~ation fee to PennDOT to be ~esto~ed
f~om a suspension/~evocation of you~ d~iving p~ivilege. To.
pay you~ ~esto~ation fee, complete the following steps:
1. Retu~n the enclosed Application fo~ Rl!sto~ation. The
amount due is listed on the application.
2. W~ite you~ d~ive~'s license numbe~ (listed on the fi~st
page) on the check o~ moneY o~de~ t:o ensu~e p~ope~
c~edit.
3. Follow the payment and mailing inst~uctions on the back
,
of the application.
APPEAL
You have the ~ight to appeal this action to the Cou~t of
Common Pleas (Civil Division) within 3D days of the mail
date, MARCH 26, 2004, of this lette~. If you file an appeal
in the county court, the Court will give )'OU a time~stamped
certified COpy of the appeal. In o~de~ fo~ you~ appeal to
be valid, you must send this time-stamped ce~tified coPY of
the appeal by ce~tified mail to:
Pennsylvania Depa~tment of T~ansportation
Office of Chief Counsel
Thi~d Floo~, Rive~f~ont Office Cente~
Ha~~isbu~g, PA 17104-2516
Remembe~, this is an OFFICIAL NOTICE OF SUSPENSION. You
must ~etu~n all cu~~ent Pennsylvania d~ive~ license p~oducts
to PennDOT by 04/30/2004.
-
040796194211846
SincerelY,
~~,~
Rebecca L. Bickley, Director
Bureau of Driver Licensing
INFORMATION 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 D.m.
IN STATE 1-800-932-4600 TDD IN STATE 1-800-228-0676
OUT-OF-STATE 717-391-6190 TDD OUT-Of-STATE 717-391-6191
WEB SITE ADDRESS www.dmv.state.oa.us
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JOHN F, GARNER,
Petitioner
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBEFtLAND COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA
'LJ
vs.
NO: OJ..,(-/PIS {!,u.( <-y~
LICENSE SUSPENSION
APPEAL
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
BUREAU OF DRIVER LICENSING,
Respondent
ORDER
AND NOW, this '- U day of m aA;j- , 2004, upon consideration of
the attached Appeal and the reasons supporting same,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED AND DECREED that a hE~aring on the merits of this case
is hereby scheduled for theOl.~-tdday of n ,2004, at Id :,iOq, .m. o'clock
in Courtroom No. ~ of the Cumberland County Court House at 1 Courthouse Square,
Cumberland, Pennsylvania.
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Pursuant to Section 1550 of the Motor Vehicle Code, the Depart%\~t ~
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Transportation is hereby Ordered to stay the proposed one-~'ear suspension until s!::l~.tima
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as this case can be decided on its merits.
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BY THE COURT:
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111
JOHN GARNER,
Appellant
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
vs.
CIVIL ACTION - LAW
04-1815 CIVIL
COMMONWEALTH OF PA,
DEPARTMENT OF TRANS.,
BUREAU OF LICENSING,
Appellee
LICENSE SUSPENSION APPEAL
IN RE: APPEAL FROM LICENSE SUSPENSION
BEFORE HESS, 1.
ORDER
AND NOW, this Z .. . day of August, 2004, following hearing and careful
consideration of the briefs filed by the parties, the appeal filed in the above-referenced matter is
SUSTAINED and the notice of the Commonwealth ofPennsylv,mia, Department of
Transportation, Byreau of Driver Licensing, mailed March 26, 2004, suspending the petitioner's
driver's license for a period of eighteen months is VACATED.
BY THE COURT,
vr5a'vid Hershey, Esquire
For the Appellant
~hael E. McHale >
Certified Legal Intern
Beverly 1. Points, Esquire
For PennDOT
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JOHN F. GARNER,
Appellant
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYL VANIA
vs.
CIVIL ACTION - LAW
04-1815 CIVIL
COMMONWEALTH OF PA,
DEPARTMENT OF TRANS.,
BUREAU OF DRIVER
LICENSING,
Appellee
LICENSE SUSPENSION APPEAL
IN RE: APPEAL FROM LICENSE SUSPENSION
BEFORE HESS, J.
OPINION AND ORDER
On March 6, 2004, the appellant, John Garner, was stopped, while operating a motor
vehicle in Camp Hill Borough, Cumberland County, by Officer John Kidman of the Camp Hill
Borough Police Department. Having reason to believe that the motorist was under the influence
of alcohol, Officer Kidman placed Mr. Garner under arrest and transported him to the Upper
Allen Township booking center for processing and chemical testing. Officer Kidman requested
that Mr. Garner submit to a breath test. In that connection, Officer Kidman furnished Mr. Garner
with a form DL-26. This was a form which had been revised in light of the recently enacted law
with respect to driving after imbibing alcohol. The form stated, iin pertinent part:
3. It is my duty as a police officer to inforrn you
that if you refuse to submit to the chemical test,
your operating privilege will be suspended for at
least one year. In addition, if you refuse to submit
to the chemical test, and you are convicted of,
plead to, or adjudicated delinquent with respect to
violating Section 3802(a) [driving after imbibing]
of the Vehicle Code, because of your refusal, you
will be subject to the more severe penalties set
forth in Section 3804(c) of the Vehicle Code,
which include a minimum of seventy-two hours in
jail and a minimum fine of$I,OOO.
04-1825 CIVIL
4. It is my duty as a police officer to infimn you
that. .. any request to speak with an attorney or
anyone else after being provided these warnings ...
will constitute a refusal, resulting in the suspension
of your operating privilege and other enhanced
criminal sanctions if you are convicted of violating
Section 3802(a) of the Vehicle Code.
Mr. Garner testified, credibly, that he studied the form and understood it. What the form plainly
told him was that ifhe refused a breath test, he faced a minimwn of seventy-two hours in jail and
that he could not ask to speak with anyone about the DL-26 lest that request be construed to be a
refusal.
It is important to note that the current driving under the influence (DUI) law differs
markedly from the prior DUI law in that there are now criminal penalties imposed when a
motorist refuses a chemical test. Specifically, Section 3804 of the current statute provides that,
where an individual violates Section 3 802( a)(I) and has refused testing of blood or breath, the
person must be sentenced:
(1) For a first offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than
seventy-two consecutive hours nor more than six
months; ...
(2) for a second offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than
ninety days nor more than five years; ...
(3) for a third or subsequent offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than one
year nor more than five years; ...
See 75 Pa.C.S. 3804.
No doubt because of this change in the DUI law, the legislature amended Section 1547 of
the Vehicle Code to read in pertinent part as follows:
(2) It shall be the duty of the police officf:r to
inform the person that:
2
04-1825 CIVIL
(i) the person's operating privilege will be
suspended upon refusal to submit to chemical
testing; and
(ii) upon conviction, plea or adjudication of
delinquency for violating section 3802(a), the
person will be subject to the penalties provided in
section 3804(c) (relating to penalties).
We agree with petitioner's counsel when he observes that the General Assembly "no doubt
identified the importance of the motorist being aware that under the new driving while imbibing
law a refusal to submit to a chemical test now had criminal as well as civil consequences."
Unfortunately, the current DL-26 form does not indicate, with any degree of accuracy, what
those criminal consequences are.
In this case, Mr. Garner had had a prior conviction for driving under the influence.
Therefore, he faced a mandatory minimum term of not less than ninety days. Petitioner testified
(and again we have no reason to disbelieve him) that had he known that he faced a minimum jail
term of ninety days, he would have not refused the breath test.
The pertinent part of the prior implied consent law, as it pertains to warnings by the
police, simply provided that the person be informed that his opt:rating privileges would be
suspended upon refusal to submit to chemical testing. Once th,: Commonwealth met its burden
of proof with regard to this warning, it was the driver's responsibility to prove that he was not
capable of making a knowing and conscious refusal to take the test. This, of course, is a factual
determination made by the trial court. Com., Dept. of Transp. v O'Connell, 555 A.2d 873 (Pa.
1989). Under the recently enacted statute, the motorist must not only be informed that his
license would be suspended upon refusal but that, in addition, that the person will be subject to
the criminal penalties provided for in the statute. Nowhere on the DL-26 or in anything that
3
04-1825 CIVIL
Officer Kidman said to Mr. Garner was there an indication that the minimum penalty was, in
fact, ninety days imprisonment.
It would be presumptuous of the Court of Common Pleas to set out, word for word, the
text of an adequate DL-26 form. Common sense tells us, though, that a motorist should be
warned concerning the potentially most serious consequence rather than the least serious
consequence. Here, Mr. Garner was informed that he faced a minimum of seventy-two hours in
jail. In fact, he faced a minimum of ninety days in jail. The information which was given to him
was, plainly put, misleading. Moreover, Mr. Garner was discouraged from seeking any
clarification by the admonition that if he did so, he would be deemed to have refused the test.
The Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Lil;ensing, argues that the DL-26
will become too complicated if there is literal compliance with the DUI law. The Department
suggests that any complexity in the form should be avoided because of the increased likelihood
of confusion to an intoxicated motorist. This is akin to suggesting that accuracy in the form is
unimportant because the form will not be understood anyway.
ORDER
AND NOW, this .t. "... day of August, 2004, following hearing and careful
consideration of the briefs filed by the parties, the appeal filed in the above-referenced matter is
SUSTAINED and the notice of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of
Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, mailed March 26, 2004, suspending the petitioner's
driver's license for a period of eighteen months is VACATED.
BY THE COURT,
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4
04-1825 CIVIL
David Hershey, Esquire
For the Appellant
Michael E. McHale
Certified Legal Intern
Beverly J. Points, Esquire
For PennDOT
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5
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
OFFICE OF CHIEF COUNSEL
VEHICLE & TRAFFIC LAW DIVISION
BY: TIMOTHYP. WILE
ASSIST ANT COUNSEL-IN-CHARGE
APPELLATE SECTION
ATTORNEY I.D. NO. 30397
RIVERFRONT OFFICE CENTER - THIRD FLOOR
1101 SOUTH FRONT STREET
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17104-2516
(717) 787-2830
"'~t:\\'fD &. FILED
Rt.;-''''WEl\lTl-t COURt
COMMOH """ "\'
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12 JAN 2Un~ 13 44
JOHN F. GARNER, } IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT
Appellee
} OF PENNSYLVANIA
vs.
} fi Dq-
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, /6/5 ~
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, }
BUREAU OF DRIVER LICENSING,
Appellant } 1960 C.D. 2004
ORDER
. "fJf
AND NOW, this 1 d day ofJanuary, 2005, A.D., upon consideration of the
Application of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department ofTransportation, Bureau of
Driver Licensing, for an extension oftime in which to file its brief and reproduced record in
the above-entitled matter, said Application is hereby granted and the brief and reproduced
record of the Department of Transportation shall be filed on or before February 11,2005.
FOR THE COURT:
~J 12, 5~~~)
Prothonotary
CertIfied from the RecOrd
JAN 1 3 Z005
end 0ldIr ElIIt
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IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John Garner
v.
No. 1960 C.D. 2004
SUBMITTED: March 24, 2005
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Driver Licensing,
Appellant
~ 6lf:- /~tfJ-; ~
BEFORE: HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, President Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
JUDGE LEADBETTER
FILED: June 2, 2005
The Bureau of Driver Licensing (Bureau) appeals from the order of
the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County (common pleas), which
vacated the suspension of John F. Garner's driver's license. Common pleas
concluded that Garner received an inadequate warning of the consequences prior to
his refusal to take a breathalyzer test because the Bureau's revised DL-26 form
does not satisfy the informational requirements in 75 Pa. C.S_ S 1547. The Bureau
persuasively challenges this conclusion and we reverse.
Since the amendments to the Motor Vehicle Code enacted in the Act
of September 30, 2003, P.L. 120 (Act 2003-24) became effective on February 1,
2004, the warnings required prior to testing under Section 1547 include not only
the previously required information that refusal will result in license suspension
but also information that refusal will result in enhanced criminal penalties upon
conviction. Specifically, Section 1547, in pertinent part, now states:
(b) Suspension for refusal.-
(2) It shall be the duty of the police officer to inform the
person that:
(i) the person's operating privilege will be suspended
upon refusal to submit to chemical testing; and
(ii) upon conviction, plea or adjudication of delinquency
for violating section 3802(a), the person will be subject
to penalties provided in section 3804(c) (relating to
penalties).
75 Pa. C.S. S l547(b)(2).
On March 6, 2004, local police stopped Garner, who was driving a
dump truck in an apparently reckless manner. Reasonably believing that Garner
was intoxicated, police arrested him and transported him to a booking center,
where an officer requested that he submit to a breathalyzer test. Prior to seeking
Garner's submission to testing, police informed Garner of the consequences of
refusal by both reading aloud and handing him a copy of the Bureau's DL-26 form,
as revised since the recent amendments to the Motor Vehicle Code. The form
states, in pertinent part:
3. [I]f you refuse to submit to the chemical test, your
operating privileges will be suspended for at least one
year. In addition, if you refuse to submit to the chemical
test, and you are convicted of, plead to, or adjudicated
delinquent with respect to violating Section 3802(a)
[driving after imbibing] of the Vehicle Code, because of
your refusal, you will be subject to the more severe
2
penalties set forth in Section 3804(c) of the Vehicle
Code, which include a minimum of seventy-two hours in
jail and a minimum fine of$l,OOO.
4. [A]ny request to speak to an attorney or anyone else
after being provided these warnings . . . will constitute a
refusal, resulting in suspension of your operating
privilege and other enhanced criminal sanctions if you
are convicted of violating Section 3802(a) of the Vehicle
Code.
Gamer testified that he read the form and understood it. Garner v. Dep't of
Transp., (No. 04-1815 Civil, filed August 26, 2004), op. at 2. R.R. at 73a.
Nevertheless, Garner refused to submit to testing. Police reported his refusal to the
Bureau; and, the Bureau notified Gamer that his license was being suspended for
eighteen months, as now directed for recidivist offenders.
Section 1547(b)(1) directs that a refusal shall generally result in a
twelve-month suspension but an eighteen-month suspension applies if:
(A) The person's operating privileges have previously
been suspended under this subsection.
(B) The person has, prior to the refusal under this
paragraph, been sentenced for:
(I) an offense under section 3802;
(II) an offense under former section 3731;
(III) an offense equivalent to an offense under
subclause (I) or (II); or
(IV) a combination of the offenses set forth in this
clause.
3
75 Pa. C.S. ~ 1547(b)(1). In 2001, Garner had undergone a six-month suspension
following placement in A.R.D.1 for a Dill in violation of former Section 3731.
Following notification of the suspension, Garner appealed to common
pleas, contending that his refusal was not knowing and voluntary because he "was
not specifically advised as to the potential penalties applicable to him for refusing
chemical testing." Garner's trial brief at I. RR at lOa. Common pleas agreed,
concluding that the warning stated on the Bureau's DL-26 form was flawed in
failing to notify Gamer that, as a second time offender, he faced a minimum
criminal penalty that included at least ninety days in jail under 75 Pa. C.S. ~
3804(c).2 Based upon this conclusion, common pleas vacated Garner's license
suspension. Thereafter, the Bureau filed the present appeal.
I Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition, a program governed by Chapter 3 of the Rules of
Criminal Procedure, was available for the disposition of DUI charges under Section 3731
(repealed by the Act of September 30, 2003, P.L. 120; the replacement provision is now found at
75 Pa. C.S. 9 3802).
2 Section 3804(c) provides:
An individual who violates section 3802(a)(I) and refused
testing of blood or breath or an individual who violates section
3802(c) or (d) shall be sentenced as follows:
(I) For a first offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than 72 consecutive
hours nor more than six months;
(2) For a second offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than 90 days nor more
than five years;
(3) For a third offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than one year nor
more than five years;
75 Pa. C.S. 93804(c).
4
Of the four elements that the Bureau must prove in order to sustain a
driver's license suspension pursuant to Section 1547(b)(I), i.e., (I) arrest for Dill,
(2) request to submit to testing, (3) refusal, (4) delivery of the required warnings,
see Whiteford v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 782
A,2d 1127, 1131 (Pa. Cmwlth. 200 I), the establishment of the first three is
undisputed. In addition, the parties do not dispute that Garner received the
warnings stated in the Bureau's latest version of the DL-26 form. This case
concerns only whether those warnings satisfy the statutory requirements.
The warning delivered to Garner fully complies with the statutory
requirements. The statute simply does not require any specific explanation as to the
length of the civil suspension and it does not require an explanation of each
criminal penalty set forth in Section 3804(c). The statute requires only that police
provide notice that refusal will result in license suspension and, that if the licensee
is convicted of driving under the influence, refusal will result in additional
penalties. Garner received this information.
We believe common pleas erred in imposing an additional
requirement that the information regarding potential suspensions and criminal
penalties be specifically tailored to the circumstances of individual licensees. Aside
from the fact that the Act does not require such specificity, it would be unrealistic
to assume that at the time warnings must be given, arresting officers have
sufficient accurate information to know what potential penalties the arrestee faces.
As this court recently held:
It is not the duty of the police to explain the various
sanctions available under a given law to an arrestee to
give that individual an opportunity to decide whether it is
worth it to violate that law. It is sufficient for the police
to inform a motorist that he or she will be in violation of
5
the law and will be penalized for that violation if he or
she should fail to accede to the officer's request for a
chemical test. The verbiage on form DL-26 informs a
motorist that he or she will be in violation of the law and
will be penalized for that violation ifhe or she should fail
to accede to the officer's request for a chemical test; that
is sufficient information upon which to base a decision as
to whether or not to submit to chemical testing.
Weaver v. Dep '( of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, _ A.2d _, _ (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2005) (No. 2170 CD 2004, filed March 11, 2005) 2005 WL 1017888, at
*2.
In an attempt to further support common pleas' ruling, Garner asserts
the alternate theory that paragraphs three and four of the warning work together to
generate confusion. We disagree. These paragraphs contain no contradictory
information regarding the enhanced criminal penalties authorized under Section
3804(c). Paragraph three addresses the consequences of refusing and includes
specific information regarding the minimum criminal penalty enhancement.
Paragraph four addresses the well-settled principle that the Bureau's authority to
suspend a driver's license as a consequence of refusal to undergo testing does not
trigger any right to counsel and restates generally that refusal will result in
enhanced criminal sanctions. The specific statement in paragraph three is entirely
consistent with the general statement in paragraph four.
As we have previously recognized, licensees often fail to readily
appreciate the difference between the civil suspension for failure to submit to
testing as required under the Implied Consent Law in Section 1547(a)3 and the
3 "Driving in Pennsylvania is a civil privilege conferred on state residents who meet the
necessary qualifications. 75 Pa. C.S. S 1501. Under the terms of the Implied Consent Law, one of
the necessary qualifications to continuing to hold that privilege is that a motorist must submit to
(Footnote continued on next page...)
6
penalties imposed upon conviction for violating the prohibition in Section 3802
against driving under the influence. See Dep't of Transp., Bureau of Driver
Licensing v. Scott, 546 Pa. 241, 250, 684 A.2d 539, 543-44 (1996). However, the
delivery of the warning in paragraph four of the DL-26 form adequately and
accurately informs that a request for counsel will be treated as a refusal for
purposes of the civil suspension under the Implied Consent Law.
Accordingly, we reverse the order of the court of common pleas and
reinstate the suspension of Gamer' s driving privileges.
-'-'6. Le?rl wi-
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
(continued... )
chemical sobriety testing when requested to do so . . . ." Dep 'f of Transp., Bureau of Driver
Licensing v. Scatf, 546 Pa. 241, 250, 684 A.2d 539, 544 (1996).
7
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John Garner
v.
No. 1960 C.D. 2004
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Driver Licensing,
Appellant
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ORDER
AND NOW, this
2nd
day of
June,
2005, the
order of the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County in the above captioned
matter is hereby REVERSED and the SUSPENSION imposed by the Department
of Transportation is hereby REINSTATED.
---6 .k~'i~
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
CerIIlIed from the RICDfd
JUN - 2 2005
Ind 0rdIr ExIt
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John Gamer
v.
No. 1960 C.D. 2004
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Driver Licensing,
Appellant
M 6Lf- If I'; ~
ORDER
PER CURIAM
AND NOW this 18th day of July, 2005, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED
that the above captioned opinion filed June 2,2005, sha:ll be designated OPINION
rather than MEMORANDUM OPINION and it shall be reported.
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IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF' PENNSYLVANIA
John Garner
v.
No. 1960 C.D. 2004
SUBMITTED: March 24, 2005
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Driver Licensing,
Appellant
BEFORE: HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, President Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
OPINION BY
JUDGE LEADBETTER
FILED: June 2, 2005
The Bureau of Driver Licensing (Bureau) appeals from the order of
the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County (common pleas), which
vacated the suspension of John F. Garner's driver's license. Common pleas
concluded that Garner received an inadequate warning of the consequences prior to
his refusal to take a breathalyzer test because the Burl~au's revised DL-26 form
does not satisfy the informational requirements in 75 Pa. C.S. S 1547. The Bureau
persuasively challenges this conclusion and we reverse.
Since the amendments to the Motor Vehicle Code enacted in the Act
of September 30, 2003, P.L. 120 (Act 2003-24) becarm~ effective on February 1,
2004, the warnings required prior to testing under Section 1547 include not only
the previously required information that refusal will result in license suspension
but also information that refusal will result in enhanced criminal penalties upon
conviction. Specifically, Section 1547, in pertinent part, now states:
(b) Suspension for refusal.-
(2) It shall be the duty of the police officer to inform the
person that:
(i) the person's operating privilege will be suspended
upon refusal to submit to chemical testing; and
(ii) upon conviction, plea or adjudication of delinquency
for violating section 3802(a), the person will be subject
to penalties provided in section 3804(c) (relating to
penalties).
75 Pa. C.S. 9 l547(b)(2).
On March 6, 2004, local police stopped Garner, who was driving a
dump truck in an apparently reckless manner. Reasonably believing that Garner
was intoxicated, police arrested him and transported him to a booking center,
where an officer requested that he submit to a breathalyzer test. Prior to seeking
Garner's submission to testing, police informed Garner of the consequences of
refusal by both reading aloud and handing him a copy of the Bureau's DL-26 form,
as revised since the recent amendments to the Motor Vehicle Code. The form
states, in pertinent part:
3. [I]f you refuse to submit to the chemical test, your
operating privileges will be suspended for at least one
year. In addition, if you refuse to submit to the chemical
test, and you are convicted of, plead to, or adjudicated
delinquent with respect to violating Section 3802(a)
[driving after imbibing] of the Vehicle Code, because of
your refusal, you will be subject to the more severe
2
penalties set forth in Section 3804(c) of the Vehicle
Code, which include a minimum of seventy-two hours in
jail and a minimum fine of$l,OOO.
4. [A]ny request to speak to an attorney or anyone else
after being provided these warnings . . . will constitute a
refusal, resulting in suspension of your operating
privilege and other enhanced criminal sanctions if you
are convicted of violating Section 3802(a) of the Vehicle
Code.
Garner testified that he read the form and understood it. Garner v. Dep 't of
Transp., (No. 04-1815 Civil, filed August 26, 2004), op. at 2. R.R. at 73a.
Nevertheless, Garner refused to submit to testing. Police reported his refusal to the
Bureau; and, the Bureau notified Garner that his license was being suspended for
eighteen months, as now directed for recidivist offenders.
Section l547(b)(1) directs that a refusal shall generally result in a
twelve-month suspension but an eighteen-month suspension applies if:
(A) The person's operating privileges have previously
been suspended under this subsection.
(B) The person has, prior to the refusal under this
paragraph, been sentenced for:
(I) an offense under section 3802;
(II) an offense under former section 3731;
(III) an offense equivalent to an offense under
subclause (I) or (II); or
(IV) a combination of the offenses Sl~t forth in this
clause.
3
75 Pa. C.S. S 1547(b)(1). In 2001, Garner had undergone a six-month suspension
following placement in A.R.D.1 for a Dill in violation of former Section 3731.
Following notification of the suspension, Garner appealed to common
pleas, contending that his refusal was not knowing and voluntary because he "was
not specifically advised as to the potential penalties applicable to him for refusing
chemical testing." Garner's trial brief at 1. R.R. at lOa. Common pleas agreed,
concluding that the warning stated on the Bureau's DL-26 form was flawed in
failing to notify Garner that, as a second time offender, he faced a minimum
criminal penalty that included at least ninety days in jail under 75 Pa. C.S. S
3804(c).2 Based upon this conclusion, common pleas vacated Garner's license
suspension. Thereafter, the Bureau filed the present appeal.
1 Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition, a program governed by Chapter 3 of the Rules of
Criminal Procedure, was available for the disposition of DUI charges under Section 3731
(repealed by the Act of September 30, 2003, P.L. 120; the replacement provision is now found at
75 Pa. C.S. S 3802).
2 Section 3804(c) provides:
An individual who violates section 3802(a)(1) and refused
testing of blood or breath or an individual who violates section
3802(c) or (d) shall be sentenced as follows:
(1) For a first offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than 72 consecutive
hours nor more than six months;
(2) For a second offense, to:
(i) undergo irnprisonment of not less than 90 days nor more
than five years;
(3) For a third offense, to:
(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than one year nor
more than five years;
75 Pa. C.S. S 3804(c).
4
Of the four elements that the Bureau must prove in order to sustain a
driver's license suspension pursuant to Section 1547(b)(1), i.e., (1) arrest for Dill,
(2) request to submit to testing, (3) refusal, (4) delivery of the required warnings,
see Whiteford v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 782
A_2d 1127, 1131 (pa. Cmwlth. 2001), the establishment of the first three is
undisputed. In addition, the parties do not dispute that Garner received the
warnings stated in the Bureau's latest version of the DL-26 form. This case
concerns only whether those warnings satisfy the statutory requirements.
The warning delivered to Garner fully complies with the statutory
requirements. The statute simply does not require any specific explanation as to the
length of the civil suspension and it does not require an explanation of each
criminal penalty set forth in Section 3804(c). The statute requires only that police
provide notice that refusal will result in license suspension and, that if the licensee
is convicted of driving under the influence, refusal will result in additional
penalties. Gamer received this information.
We believe common pleas erred in imposing an additional
requirement that the information regarding potential suspensions and criminal
penalties be specifically tailored to the circumstances of individual licensees. Aside
from the fact that the Act does not require such specificity, it would be unrealistic
to assume that at the time warnings must be given, arresting officers have
sufficient accurate information to know what potential penalties the arrestee faces.
As this court recently held:
It is not the duty of the police to explain the various
sanctions available under a given law to an arrestee to
give that individual an opportunity to decidf~ whether it is
worth it to violate that law. It is sufficient for the police
to inform a motorist that he or she will be in violation of
5
the law and will be penalized for that violation if he or
she should fail to accede to the officer's request for a
chemical test. The verbiage on form DL-26 informs a
motorist that he or she will be in violation of the law and
will be penalized for that violation if he or she should fail
to accede to the officer's request for a chemical test; that
is sufficient information upon which to base a decision as
to whether or not to submit to chemical testing.
Weaver v. Dep't of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, _ A.2d _, _ (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2005) (No. 2170 CD 2004, filed March 11,2005) 2005 WL 1017888, at
*2.
In an attempt to further support common pleas' ruling, Garner asserts
the alternate theory that paragraphs three and four of the warning work together to
generate confusion. We disagree. These paragraphs contain no contradictory
information regarding the enhanced criminal penalties authorized under Section
3804(c). Paragraph three addresses the consequences of refusing and includes
specific information regarding the minimum criminal penalty enhancement.
Paragraph four addresses the well-settled principle that the Bureau's authority to
suspend a driver's license as a consequence of refusal to undergo testing does not
trigger any right to counsel and restates generally that refusal will result in
enhanced criminal sanctions. The specific statement in paragraph three is entirely
consistent with the general statement in paragraph four.
As we have previously recognized, licensees often fail to readily
appreciate the difference between the civil suspension for failure to submit to
testing as required under the Implied Consent Law in Section 1547(a)3 and the
3 "Driving in Pennsylvania is a civil privilege conferred on state residents who meet the
necessary qualifications. 75 Pa. C.S. S 1501. Under the terms of the Implied Consent Law, one of
the necessary qualifications to continuing to hold that privilege is that a motorist must submit to
(Footnote continued on next page...)
6
penalties imposed upon conviction for violating the prohibition in Section 3802
against driving under the influence. See Dep't of Transp., Bureau of Driver
Licensing v. Scott, 546 Pa. 241, 250, 684 A.2d 539, 543-44 (1996). However, the
delivery of the warning in paragraph four of the DL-26 form adequately and
accurately informs that a request for counsel will be treated as a refusal for
purposes of the civil suspension under the Implied Consent Law.
Accordingly, we reverse the order of the 1:':000 of common pleas and
reinstate the suspension of Garner's driving privileges.
-6 . Le7c{ b.iL-
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
(continued... )
chemical sobriety testing when requested to do so . . . ." Dep't oj Transp,, Bureau oj Driver
Licensing v. Scott, 546 Pa. 241, 250, 684 A.2d 539, 544 (1996).
7
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John Garner
v.
No. 1960 C.D. 2004
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Driver Licensing,
Appellant
ORDER
AND NOW, this
2nd
day of
June,
2005, the
order of the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County in the above captioned
matter is hereby REVERSED and the SUSPENSION imposed by the Department
of Transportation is hereby REINSTATED.
-ts.G?~iG
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
CertIlIId ffOm III AilOlIId
JUL 1 8 Z005
..-"