HomeMy WebLinkAbout12-27-91
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IN RE: EST ATE OF
ROBERT M MUMMA, late of
Cumberland County, Penna.
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNA.
NO. 21-86-398
ORPHANS' COURT DIVISION
PRELIMINARY BRIEF AND MEMORANDUM OF LAW
BACKGROUND
Robert M Mumma died April 12, 1986, a resident of Cumberland County. According to
the terms of his duly probated last will and testament, his widow, Barbara McK. Mumma, and one
of his four children, Lisa M. Morgan, were named executrices and trustees. His daughter Lisa
was selected for her position primarily because she had been admitted to study the practice of law.
The estate of Robert M. Mumma is a large and relatively complex one. Its administration
has been characterized by its lack of free-l1owing information, despite a basic and universal duty to
provide the same. It was only after petitioner Robert M. Mumma II hired his now current local
counsel and filed a petition to compel an accounting that one was finally filed--this filing taking
place approximately five and one-half (5 1/2) years after the date of petitioner's father's death.
Local counsel has also tried on several occasions extending over a nine (9) month period to
obtain ail varieties of documents, including basic informational documents which are often
supplied to beneficiaries of estates and trusts without request. None of these requested documents,
including even the most basic ones, has been supplied.
In October of 1991, approximately seven (7) months after the original request was made
for production of estate and related documents, petitioner filed a PETITION...TO COMPEL
COMPUANCE WITH REOUEST/DEMAND THAT CERTAIN DOCUMENTS EITHER BE
DEUVERED UP FOR ROBERT M. MUMMA lI'S PERUSAL AND POSSIBLE COPYING OR
THAT THEY BE MADE A V AILABLE AT A CONVENIENT PLACE AND TIME FOR
ROBERT MUMMA lI'S PERUSAL AND POSSIBLE COPYING. Accordingly, your Honorable
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Court issued a Rule upon Barbara McK Mumma and Lisa M. Morgan, executrices and trustees of
the will of Robert M. Mumma, deceased, to show cause why they should not be required to deliver
up or make available for perusal and copying a large variety of documents and information. The
citations awarded by your Honorable Court were duly served upon the respondents by a deputy
sheriff of Cumberland County.
Your Honorable Court set a hearing date approximately two (2) months later to enable all
parties concerned to adequately prepare to address the issue. Despite the plentiful amount of time
provided to respondents by your Honorable Court and despite their having been duly serv ed
citations requiring their attendance under the powers and jurisdiction of your Honorable Court,
neither the respondents nor their Philadelphia counsel appeared. Additionally, they offered no real
reason or excuse for their non-appearance. As a result, respondents' local counsel, a distinguished
member of the Cumberland County bar, William Martson, was forced to proceed as best he could
to represent respondents' interests in their and their Philadelphia counsel's absence.
Under the universally understood and traditionally accepted principles of pleading and the
issuance of Rules to show cause, respondents should have shown the fundamental courtesy of
filing an answer to the PETITION so as to apprise your Honorable Court and petitioner of their
positions and basic points of argument upon the matter. Respondents, however, failed to provide
even this fundamental courtesy to your Honorable Court and petitioner.
Additionally, by failing to appear, respondents utterly and totally failed to carry their
traditional burden of production and persuasion as to why your Honorable Court should not grant
petitioner's PEnTION. At the hearing in front of your Honorable Court which was carried on as
scheduled, Petitioner, as a result of respondents' default, was forced to present his testimony and
case first Petitioner then proceeded to present testimony which is, in his opinion, more than
sufficient to justify a full and complete ruling in his favor on the merits. At the conclusion of the
testimony, petitioner moved for a default judgment on the Rule to show cause, at which time your
Honorable Court informed petitioner that if he would give your Honorable Court a case that
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provides such a default judgment could be entered since respondents did not appear or file an
answer, then your Honorable Court would proceed to follow the law and to enter such a judgment
(N.T. 28)
Accordingly, we will proceed to provide such authority.
I. IN RE: BASIS FOR ENTRY OF A DEFAULT JUDGMENT
This is a relatively simple and straightforward issue which does not require any extensive
citation or argument Default judgments in Equity, the capacity in which your Honorable Orphans'
Court sits, is controlled by Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1511. JUDGMENT UPON
DEFAULT OR ADMISSION. (see copy attached hereto as "Item A.")
Rule 1511 provides that the appropriate row officer, in the case of a respondent who fails
to Dlead within the appropriate time, shall, upon praecipe of the petitioner, enter a judgment by
default. The rule, however, goes on to clearlv state that in all other cases of default. the judgment
shall be entered by your Honorable Court. Cases have interpreted the rule to mean that in the
absence of a notice to plead, a default judgment for failure to file an answer under this rule is not
available. Lewandowski v Crawford. 208 Pa. Super 365,222 A.2d 601 (1966)
The instant case, however, is not controlled by a lack of notice to plead. Rather, here the
respondents were issued a citation to appear and show cause why petitioner should not obtain the
opportunity to inspect various documents. The citation issued from no less an authority than your
Honorable Court A definitional survey will clearly show that respondents' failure to appear and
show cause after being cited to do so is clearly within Rule 1511.
A "citation" is: "A writ issued out of a court of competent jurisdiction, commandinl! a
person therein named to aDoear on a day named and do something therein mentioned, or show
cause whv he should not." (emphasis added). Black's Law Dictionarv. at 221 (5th ed. 1979)
A citation obviously stands at least as high as, if not higher, than a general rule of court
because it comes about not by the general and customary rules and procedures of pleading and
professional etiquette, but rather it issues specifically upon a petition directed to your Honorable
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Court only after your Honorable Court has had a chance to read and consider the petition. In
effect, it is a direct and specific command of your Honorable Court specifically directed to
respondents for a particular purpose. It certainly provides notice to make the required appearance
and to do the required act in its own familiar words where it commands the parties to set aside all
other business and to appear and show cause.
A "Rule" is "an order made bv a court. at the instance of one of the parties to a suit
commandiUl!...the opposite party to do some act or to show cause why some act should not be
done..... (emphasis added) Black's Law Dictionary. at 1195 (5th ed. 1979).
"Rule to show cause" is "A rule commandinl! the party to aooear and show cause why he
should not be compelled to do the act required, or why the object of the rule should not be
enforced..... (emphasis added) Black's Law Dictionarv. at 1196 (5th ed. 1979).
"Default" is "By its derivation, a failure...An omission of that which ought to be done......
Black's Law Dictionarv. at 376 (5th ed. 1979).
Clearly, definitionally, respondents' failure to appear pursuant to a citation issuing from
your Honorable Court is a default at least as serious, if not more serious, than a failure to file an
answer to a pleading with a notice to plead attached. We repeat for emphasis that Rule 1511
provides that the Court "In all other cases of default... shall" enter the judgment. (emphasis
added). Pa.R.c.P. 1511.
Additionally, and most emphatically, two (2) more definitions clearly provide, as part and
parcel of the very concept we are dealing with, for default judgments. For example, Black's Law
Dictionarv. at 1237 (5th ed. 1979), in defining a "Show Cause Order," states the following: "An
order to a person...to appear in court and explain why the Court should not take a proposed action.
If the person...fails to aooear or to give sufficient reasons why the Court should take no action, the
Court will take the action." (emphasis added). Also, Bouvier's Law Dictionary. vol. 2, at 603
(15th ed. 1894), provides the following definition for "Rule of Court. An order made by a court
having competent jurisdiction. Rules of court are either general or soecial: the former are the laws
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by which the practice of the court is governed; the latter are soecial orders made in Darticular cases.
Disobedience to these is Dunished bv lrivinl! iudl!ment al!ainst the disobedient DartV. or by
attachment for contempt." (emphasis added).
Clearly, petitioner is entitled to a default judgment by definition and by the specific terms of
Pa.R.C.P. 1511. Your Honorable Orphans' Court has all the requisite power and authority to enter
a default judgment under the rules of Equity. "The process of the Orphans' Court is plastic and its
power is only limited by the necessities of the case, and by its duty to administer equity in
accordance with established rules: Odd Fellows Bank AD. 123 Pa. 3.56: Heinz's Est., 313 Pa 6;
Mellinl!er's Est., 5 A.2d 321." 2 Hunter, Pa. O. Ct. Com. PI. Book. Orohans' Court. s.l(a), at
946 (1939). The proposed decree provided by petitioner should be entered accordingly.
II. IN THE ALTERNATIVE, PETITIONER SHOULD BE A WARDED JUDGMENT
BASED ON THE PLEADINGS, TESTIMONY, EVIDENCE AND RULES OF LAW.
Should your Honorable Court decline to enter a default judgment against respondents for
any reason, Petitioner should still prevail based upon the pleadings, testimony, evidence and rules
of law. Respondents failed to appear. As a direct consequence of that failure, they also failed to
go forward with their burden of production and their burden of persuasion.
It is only when a complainant is put to his proof by a responsive pleading, such as in an
answer to a complaint that is submitted under oath and contains direct contradictions of the
complainant's factual averments, that the complainant needs to prove that he is entitled to the
judgment even though respondent fails to appear at the hearing. See. in this regard, Smith v.
Smith. 427 Pa. 535, 235 A.2d 127 (1967). (See copy attached hereto as "Item 8.")
In Smith. the respondent defendant filed an answer according to the general rules of
pleading and procedure, thus putting the therein complainant to his proof. A situation which is
clearly not present here. Most importantly, and the primary reason for the holding in Smith, the
defendant respondent was not given sufficient notice. Here the respondents were given the highest
form of notice, short of being attached and brought into court. The court in Smith also took pains
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.
to point out that, in addition to faulty notice, the complainant did not present any testimony which
would have provided a record to justify a judgment in his favor. Again, this is clearly not the case
here. It should also be pointed out that the Smith court's statements regarding Rule 1511's lack of
applicability to final trial situations when responsive pleadings have been filed to put a party to his
proof approaches or in fact constitutes dicta because the main reason for their ruling was the lack of
due and proper notice and the complainant's failure to provide appropriate factual testimony. We
repeat for emphasis that neither of those factual circumstances is present here.
Additionally, and most importantly, petitioner relies not only on respondents' failure to
appear at a hearing but also on their failure to file any response to the petition or to provide any oral
response. This lack of answer is clearly provided for in Rule 1511 and its statements concerning
default judgments--even if it could be construed that failure to appear at a trial after a responsive
pleading requiring the presentation of proof by the complainant and without proper notice having
been served was somehow outside of the provisions of the second part of Rule 1511. In other
words, in terms, petitioner has provided what the Smith court said was missing: 1. due and proper
notice--here the respondents received the highest form of notice; and 2. even assuming that the
respondents had made an answer--which they did not--petitioner has gone the extra mile and met
the second potential requirement and provided appropriate testimony.
Should your Honorable Court still decline to enter a default judgment for any reason, the
uncontroverted averments of the PErITION and the testimony presented at the hearing is more
than sufficient to justify a decree in favor of the petitioner. For example:
1. Despite an active fiduciary duty to provide information, the executrices/trustees have
provided virtually none--except when compelled to do so. (N.T. 17)
2. Despite the complexity and size of the estate they administer, they filed no accounting
for over five and one-haIf (5 1/2) years and did so even then only after petitioner filed a motion to
compel them to do so. (N.T. 14-15)
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3. Despite repeated requests by petitioner's counsel, no documents, not even the most
basic estate documents have been forthcoming. (N.T. 8, 14-16)
4. Petitioner seeks the requested information and documents in good faith and at the
reasonable convenience of respondents. (N.T. 11-17)
5. Such information covers areas which are not technically included in the estate or trust
accountings. (N.T. 12-13)
6. The production of such information would help to make a reasonable settlement offer.
(N.T. 7) (* As a point of clarification, although Mr. Shields's response to Mr. Costopoulos's
question at N.T. 7 was technically correct in that he was giving his reasons for originally believing
the production of the requested information would have a general beneficial effect, it should be
pointed out to your Honorable Court, that on December 9, 1991, Gerald Morrison, Esq., a
member of the Dauphin County Bar, and petitioner's personal attorney, sent a five (5) page
preliminary settlement proposal to respondents' Philadelphia counsel. As of this writing we are
unaware of any response having been received. Additionally, local counsel are still of the opinion
that the requested information would make it easier to carry through any meaningful settlement
negotiations).
7. The provision of the requested information would likely eliminate much of the suspicion
which almost automatically accompanies any withholding of information. (N.T. 8).
8. Petitioner has a duty to look out for himself and take all active steps to do so. This
would help insure that a defense of laches would be much more difficult to assert against him.
(N.T. 8)
9. Petitioner has still been denied certain information concerning various liquidations,
earnings and the like which were and are needed for a satisfactory understanding of his own
personal income tax and the like returns. (N.T. 20-27)
10. Petitioner is hampered in his own efforts at estate planning which he hopes to arrange
in such a way as to eliminate any fighting amongst his own children on his passing. (N.T. 22)
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11. Lastly, petitioner has a clear legal right to the requested information and documents
which would obviate the necessity of outlining the points above. (N.T. 17) However, in the
interest of good faith and for the convenience of your Honorable Court, petitioner has done so.
Petitioner believes that Estate of Rosenblum. 459 Pa. 201,328 A.2d 158 (1974) and
Warrell's Estate. decided by your Honorable Orphans' Court in 1982, docketed to No. 21-77-681,
contain all the pertinent and necessary principles of law and precedential authority necessary to rule
fully and completely in petitioner's favor. Copies of the said cases are attached hereto as "Items C
and D" for the convenience of your Honorable Court.
However, petitioner's counsel, in view of respondents failure to file any answer or to
appear at the hearing, respectfully reserve the right to request a reasonable period of time to brief
the issues in extenso should they deem such to be necessary after seeing respondents' brief. Such
proposed augmented brief, should it be necessary, will contain citations and quotations from
treatises, English cases, out of state case and additional issues which might be raised.
CONCLUSION.
For the foregoing reasons, petitioner Robert M. Mumma II respectfully requests your
Honorable Court to fully and completely render judgment in his favor and to compel the production
of the requested information and documents.
Respectfully submitted,
Charles E. Shields III
Commonwealth National Bank Building
2 West Main Street
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
(717) 766-0209
ID #38513
William C. Costopoulos
831 Market Street
Lemoyne, PA 17043
(717) 761-2121 ~
BY~ E. 7iI
Attorneys for Petitioner, Robert M. Mumma II
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CERTIACATE OF SERVICE
I, Charles E. Shields, III, certify that a copy of the attached BRIEF OF ROBERT M.
MUMMA, II, was served by first class mail on ~ &.7, /'i'll uponthe
following:
Richard W. Stevenson, Esquire
McNees, Wallace & Nurick
P.O. Box 1166
Harrisburg, PA 17108-1166, for
Barbara M. McClure
129 S. Lewisberry Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
John Hardin Young, Esquire
Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur
1233 20th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036-2395, for
Linda M. Roth
5104 Wessling Lane
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attorney General
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Strawberry Square
Harrisburg, PA 17120
Thomas M. Kittredge, Esquire
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius
2000 One Logan Square
Philadelphia, PA 19103-6993, for
Barbara McK. Mumma and
Lisa M. Morgan
William F. Martson, Esquire
Martson, Deardorff, Williams & Otto
10 East High Street
Carlisle, PA 17013, for
Barbara McK. Mumma and
Lisa M. Morgan
(Courtesy Copy)
Robert M. Frey, Esquire
5 South Hanover Street
Carlisle, PA 17013
C1k9~<B-
Charles E. Shields, III
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Rule 1511. Judgment upon Default or Admission
(a) The prothonotary, on praecipe of the plaintiff, shall enter a
judgment by default against the defendant for failure to plead
within the required time to a complaint which contains a notice to
defend. In all other cases of default or of admission the judgment
shall be entered by the court.
To the extent that Rule 103(a)(1) of the Pennsylvania Rules of
Judicial Administration would otherwise require notice of proposed
rules or amendments thereto, the Court finds, pursuant to Rule of
Judicial Administration 103(a)(1), that the &mendment adopted
hereby is of a perfunctory and technical nature and immediate
promulgation is required in the interests of justice and efficient
administration.
(b) In all cases, the court shall enter an appropriate final decree
upon the judgment of default or admission and may take testimony
to assist in its adjudication and in framing the decree.
Adopted Jan. 4, 1952, effective July I, 1952. Amended March 22, 1962,
effective April 2, 1962; amended and effective Aug. 20, 1979.
Rule 1510
Note 10
filed, and such refusal did not result in
denial of due process to defendants.
Liberty Corp. v. D'Amico, 329 A.2d 222,
457 Pa. 181, 1974, certiorari denied 95
S.Ct. 635. 419 U.S. 1054. 42 L.Ed.2d 651.
n. Laches
In an action by the Commonwealth
through the Department of Highways to
enjoin defendant from interfering with
certain of its drainage facilities border-
ing defendant's land and a highway, de-
fendant's counterclaim is also barred by
laches where it appears that defendant is
seeking damages as well as an injunction
for an alleged trespass which has contino
ued for more than 15 vears. Common-
wealth v. Devlin. 23 D~ & C.2d 552. 76
Dauph. 27, 1960.
RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
ACTION IN EQUITY
12. DIsmls"l.al
TriGl court properly dismiss~d an ac-
tion in equity brought by plaintiff seek-
ing to have a constructive trust imposed
upon certain real estate which had alleg-
edlv been transferred bv individual de-
fendant to corporate ~ defendant and
which had allegedly been purchased
with funds which individual defendant
had allegedly misappropriated from
plaintiff, since plaintiff had earlier elect-
ed to pursue a monetary remedy con-
cerning the alleged misappropriation by
individual defendant in a counterclaim
it had asserted in litigation already pend-
ing. Redmond Finishing Co., Inc. v.
Ginsburg, 446 A.2d 1330, 301 Pa.Super.
53. 1982.
Cross Refer'.'
Judgment upon default or admission in gent:
Law Review Com,'
Amendments of 1962 Pennsylvania Arr
Rules of Civil Procedure. Philip Werner AJ
Costs 03=56, 105.
Equity <=416,417.
Judgment <=106(1).
CJ.S. Costs !i!i 61, 125, 162.
Library Refer\.-
C
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WESTLAW Electron
See WESTLA W guide following the Explanati(
Notes of Deci
Or
The 1979 amendment, in subd. (a),
substituted "complaint which contains a
notice to defend" for "complaint en-
dorsed with a notice to plead".
Amendment, decrees 8
Authority of prothonotary as to money
judgments 6
Burden of proof, opening judgment 19
Consent decrees 9
Decrees 7-9
In general 7
Amendment 8
Consent 9
Defense, opening judgment 12
Delay, opening judgment 13
Dlscoverv sanctions, entry of judgment
4 .
Discretion of court, opening judgment
17
Entry of judgment 3-5
In general 3
Discovery sanctions 4
Fa1lure to appear at trial 5
Ex parte proceedings, opening judg-
ment 16
Excuse. in general, opening judgment
11
Failure to appear at trial. entry of judg-
ment 5
Governing rule 1
Meritorious defense, opening judgment
12
Mone}' judgments, authority of pro--
thonotary 6
Notices
Intent to take default, opening
judgment 14
Plead or defend, opening judgment
15
Opening judgment 10-21
In general 10
Defense 12
Delay 13
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is:
Historical Note
a
The 1962 amendment, in subd. (b),
inserted "final" and "its adjudication and
in".
Amendment effective April 2, 1962
was made applicable to pending actions.
108
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1 judgment on the
This count involved
:1t and his codefend-
'.st 2+, 1965, into a
zine located on the
)'0, where they stole
:d a roll of primer
:ount involved cir-
~:ed on or about
1 bis defendant and
:h:-ee sticks of the
:;I"hioned a bomb,
: detonator. The
~ -. ilion to place the
l -he Groton reser-
:h a cigarette lighted
~ra>.:ker. The latter
Jeronate the dyna-
d it and remade the
n ?laced under the
:g-arette on the fuse
f~w minutes later,
"nea to this de fer.d-
:pioued and did con-
~ridge.
~his defendant was
:n state prison dis-
~ghest degree. They
'~ 'iisregard for the
:: -eckless rej ection
~(j:J.ences of these
/:,operty of others.
'71ore detail only
) :he conclusion of
~;,:'~nce imposed.
'J'C:", fair, and just.
',nd BARBER, n.,
.ilon.
SMITH v. SMITH
Cite as 23:S A.2d 127
Pa. 127
427 Pa. 535
Gustave S. SMITH
v.
Helen SMITH, Appellant.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Nov. 14, 1967.
Husband brought action in equity
against wife seeking to enforce alleged oral
trust of real estate and to compel convey-
ance of wiie's house to him. The Court of
COr.1mon Pleas, Allegheny County, John J.
McLean, Jr., J., entered defauit decree
against wife. Wife appealed irom court's
refusal to issue rule to show cause why d~-
cree should not be opened. The Supreme
Court, at Xo. 121, March Term, 1967, Co-
hen, ]., held that a defendant who has been
represented by numerous attorneys through-
out proceedings leading to trial of case is
ent~tled to more than mere notiiication in
legal journal as to date, time and place of
trial and that court erred in entering default
judgment for wife's failure to appear at trial
and erred in entering a decree \vithout re~
quiring husband first to prove factual alle-
gations supporting his cause of action seek-
ing to enforce alleged oral trust of real
estate and to compel conveyance of wife's
home to him.
Case remanded.
I. Trial <2=>6(1)
A defendant who has been represented
by numerous attorneys throughout proceed-
ings leading to trial of case is entitled to
more than mere notification in legal journal
as to date, time and place of trial.
2. Equity <2=>418
Court e.rred in entering default decree
for wife's faih:re to appear at trial and
erred in entering a decree without requiring
husband first to prove factual allegations
supporting his cause of action seeking to
eniorce alleged oral tru~~ of real estate and
to compel conveyance of wiie's home to him.
Pa.R.c.p."o. 1511. 12 P.S. Appendix.
1331
David J\L Janavitz, Carl ~Iax Janavitz,
Janavitz & Janavitz, Pittsburg!t, for appel.
lant.
John A. 1-fetz, Jr., Henry G. Beamer,
Ill, Harry H. Rosen, Metz, Cook, Hanna &
Kelly, Pittsburgh, for appellee.
Before BELL, C. J., and JONES. CO-
HEN, EAGE", O'BRIEN and ROBERTS,
JJ.
OPI"ION OF THE COURT
COHEN, Justic<.
This appeal arises out of a decree of the
Court oi Common Pleas of Allegheny Coun#
ty. The decre.e was entered by default
based upon defendant-appel1ant's failure to
appear at the time at trial. After receipt of
the decree, appellant made prompt applica#
tion to the COUrt below ror the issuance of a
rule to show cause why the decree should
not be opened. The court reiused to issue
the rule to show cause and :he appellant
~iled the present appeal with our Court.
Plaintiff-appellee, then appellant's hus-
band, commenced an action in equity seek--
ing to enforce an alleged oral trust of real
estate against appellant and to compel the
conveyance of appellant's home to him, legal
title to whic1::1, he aUeged, \vas fraudulently
vested in appellant.
In the course of the 3ubsequent proceed-
ings appeHant has had five attorneys, not
including her present counsel, a iact which
plays a reievant part in the current problem.
vVe shall simply refer to them by number.
On March 1, 1962, appellant, by her
attorneys, :{ o. 1 and No.2 riled preliminary
objections to appellee's complaint. On No-
vember 16, 1962 attorneys Xo. 3 and No.4
entered their appearance on behalf of ap-
pellant. Their appearance was subsequently
withdrawn on March 22, 1966. On April27,
1966, attorney No.5 entered his appearance
ior appellant, and on the same date attorney
No.2 withdrew his appearance. On Octo-
ber 14, 1966, attorney ~o. 5 withdrew his
., . . '-,
.. . . , i'
.
128 Pa.
235 ATLANTIC REPORTER, 2d SERIES
appearance. Thus, after a number of ap-
pearances and withdra\'.:als of counsel, the
only remaining attorney of record was at-
torney 1\0. 1 who had entered an appear-
ance in 1962.1
On l\ovember 11, 1966, the case was list-
ed for trial on the equity trial list, notice
of which appeared in the Pittsburg;1 Legal
Jourr.3.1listing attorney ~o. 1 as appellant's
attorney. The case was called for trial on
Dec-::mber 12, 1966, at 'which time neither
the appeHan:. nor any counse1 on her behalf
appeared. On December 15, 1966, appeilee
filed a mOLion lor a default judgment for
failure or appellant to appear at trial, a
request for findings of fact and conclusions
of iaw, and submitted to the court 'below a
proposed rfecree. Althougr no testimony
on behalf of the appellee appears to have
been taken,2 the court belo\\" entered the de-
cree as submitted by appellee,3
Appellant'~ principal contentions are that
she didn't receive sufiicie!lt TI:Jtice of the
date. time, or place 01 trial either by the
court or appeUee's counsei and that the prac-
tice of pub1ishing a trial1ist in the local legal
journai is inadequate notice to a defenda.nt
who has had a number ot attorneys appear
a:-:!d withdraw during the course of a law-
suit. Appeilee, or: the other hand. argues
that the accepted common practice is to
provide notice in the local legal journal and
I. The record discloses that attorney Xo. 1
did not ..ngnge in uny ncth"ity on behalf
of 3ppellant in thes" proceedings sub!'C'-
quent to.:, the filing of ae answer to ap-
pellee's ame"lderi complair..t on May H.
1962. Thus. wl:en the case W3S called
for trial on December 1~, 1966, there
was no apparent indication that: attorney
XQ, 1 gri.n a.ctively represented appell:1nt,
altboug~: his appe.lrance apparen,;:l~ was
not withdraw}l.
Other facts of record have bf'en omitted
because ther nJ"{' not germane to D. prop-
tr re~ohHbn of ~)~p case.
2. Althoug-h a:lpellee's attorn{':'o" argued \'ig.
ol"om'b" on :lPJlcnl that fC'stimoll:'-' hud
been taken. tIll' recorll before this Court
doe,. not indicate that til(' trial judge,
prior to the rendering: of the decree, heard
an~" testimony on behalf Of appellee.
that to require actual notice in every case
would be an undue burden on the courts
and the attorneys involved.
further proceeding~ ~"
opinion. Each par:: t
ROBERTS, J., f, ,.
in which O'BRIE""
[lJ \Ve find it unnecessary to determine
if actual notice of trial must be given in all
cases. In the unusual circumstances of this
casp. we believe appellant did not recei~'e
sufficient notice. A defendant who has
been represented, as disclosed by this rec-
ord, by numerous attorneys throughout the
proceedings is entitled to more than mere
notification in a legal journal as to the date,
time and place of trial.
MUSMAl\NO, ,'.
consideration or de','::
CONCURR':'
ROBERTS, Jus"cc
Although I bel,-,"
here employed to 'i:: ","
adjudication t::> '-' ..;,
litigant may be COW:I:
not believe, as the 1;::
the sufficiency of no:
sequence of attor:-:~:,'~
reiusal to open thi;:.
clearly erroneous.
[2] Moreover, the procedure followed
by the court below in entering a "default
decree" was improper. ApparentlY, it re-
iied upon Fa.R.C.P" 1511, 12 P,S. .\ppen-
d1X,4. as amnority for entering a deiault
judgment against appellant for her iail'Jre
to appear at trial. This rule does not a11tho-
rize the entry of a default judgment for
iailure to appeH at trial. Hence. the iower
court erred if it faiiea ~o require appellee to
prove the tactual allegations supporting his
cause oi action before it rendered a decree.
For these reasons it is our position that
appellant should be given an opportunity to
present her defense, if any, to appellee's
claim,
In Texas and Biod"
Club v. Bonnell Rut
Corp., 388 Pa. 198. 1.'
stressed that a rtiu:;.;:.
of a default judgmt'r.:
for a clear abuse 0:
characterizing Pin:;:k
451, 452, 23 A.2( ;~
ieading case on thj~
therefrom, we aiso H
Fish (supra at 201. 1
The decree of the court below is Ya<:~ted
and the case remanded to that coun ior
"It has long bfeJ"
vania to gram ;('
entered by dd~;:::
due to a mistak~ (
and where appl1.:x
and a reasonabie
offered."
3. The sUb8tanCe of that oecree has been
omitted because its consideration i::, not
neceSS:lr~" in disposing of the issues pre-
sented,
4. "Rule 1511. Judgment upon Default or
Admission
"(a) The prothonorory, on praecipe of
the llhintiff. shall enter a judgment
b~' default against the defenda.nt for
failure to plead within the required time
t(l n complaint endorsed with a notice to
plead. In all other cases of default
or of udmis~;ion the judgment shall be
entered by the COUrt.
"(b) In all <:as.es, the court sh3.11 en-
tpr at: UJlpropr:nte finnl d(>crf'e upon the
judgment of default or admis'lion nnd
mar take tesrimon'\' to assist in it.,. nd-
judic3tion and in framing the decree. ~
Appellant prompt!
to open the jtJdgme:-:
ious defense anc c:
failure to appear cc'
I, See Mullane y, C
& Trust Co.. ::;,,'.
652. 94 L.Eu. SO'
2. 'Ve emphasizcu ::
reason suppurrin:
the lOwer rou rt' ~
opening tlItlt UP)''':.
235,4,.20'-9
1332
.
\ '~J' ~ ;... ~ _ 'lI. ....~.-"::: ~ ~/ ' I<!' -;. '" .. I !.. '.- ~ "? .~!
IN RE ESTATE OF BENEDUM
Cite as 235 A.2d 129
rice in every case
:en on the courts
.-"ct,
further proceedings in accordance with this
opinion. Ea~h party to pay own COSts.
::essary to determine
:nust be given in all
'ircumstances of this
:.lilt did not receive
ieiendant 'who has
:::c!osed by th:s rec-
~eys throughout the
-) more than mere
. ;oal as to the date,
ROBERTS, J., files a concurring opinion,
in which O'BRIEN, J" joins,
MUSiVIANNO, J" took no part in the
consideration or decision of this case.
CONCURRING OPINION
ROBERTS, Justice,
Although I believe that the procedure
here employed to give notice of a pending
adjudication to a basically unrepresented
litigant may be constitutionally infirm,1 I do
not believe, as the majority intimates, that
the sufficiency of notice should turn on the
sequence of attorneys involved. However,
refusal to open this default judgment was
clearly erroneous.
~ocedure followed
-::rer:ng a "default
.\pparently, it re-
:1, 12 P,S, Appell-
entering a default
:ant for her failure
:-:.:le does not al1tho-
: ~ault judgment tor
Hence, the lower
-, :-equire appellee to
:ions ~upporting his
: rendered a decree.
3 our position that
:n an opportunity to
: any, tQ appellee's
In Texas and Block House Fish and Game
Club v. Bonnell Run Hunting and Fishing
Corp" 388 Pa, 198, 130 A,2d 508 (195i) we
stressed that a refusal to permit the opening
of a default judgment could be reversed only
for a clear abuse of legal discretion. But,
characterizing Pinsky v. :YIaster, 343 Pa.
451, 452, 23 ..Ud i2i, i28 (1942) as the
leading case on this subject and quoting
therefrom, we also insisted in Block House
Fish (supra at 201, 130 A,2d at 509-510) :
::-t below is vacated
:0 that court for
"It has long been a custom in Pennsyl-
vania to grant relief from a judgment
entered by default where the failure is
due to a mistake or oversight of counsel
and where application is promptly made
and a reasonable excuse for the default
offered."
decree has been
'."ideration is not
<C the issues pre.
:~ upon Default or
::'-. on praecipe of
enter a judgment
;le defendant for
the required time
,j wi th a notice to
l~:lSeS of. default
.ldKment shall be
Appellant promptly petitioned the court
to open the judgment,2 asserted a meritor-
ious defense and demonstrated that her
failure to appear could be reasonably ex-
l. See Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank
& Trust Co.. 339 U.S. 306. 70 S.Ct.
652, 94 L.Ed, 865 (1950),
..' court shall en.
d decree upon the
,r admission and
, assist in its ad.
!:ling the decree."
2. We emphasized in Block House Fish os a
reason supporting our refusal to reverse
the lower court's decision not to pennit
opening that appellant waited until four
235A.2d_9
1333
Pa.
129
cused. Though we review only for an
abuse of discretion, I find it inconceiyable
that the trial court exercised its discretion3
:n this instance and would therefore reverse
rhe decree below on this ground alone.
O'BRIEN J., joins this concurring opin-
Ion.
w
o ~ UY NU""U nSUM
,
427 Pa, 408
In re ESTATE of Michael L. BENEDUM, al-
so known as M. L. Benedum and MI-
chael Late aenedum, deceased.
Appeal of Frances Benedum WILLIAMS.
Supreme Court ot Pennsylyania.
Xov. 14, 1961.
Estate proceeding. The Orphans' Court,
.-\l1egheny County, on June 26, 1967, at
No, 3318-A of 1959, Hugh C. Boyle, J.,
rendered decree, and an appeal was taken.
The Supreme Court, )Io. 192 lvIarch Term,
196i, Bell, C. J., held that adopted daughter
of a deceased nephew, who was one of
testator's life tenants, was excluded in gift
of income to nephew's living children and
living issue of deceased child, where :estator
had in his will provided that words "child,"
"children" and "issue:' should include only
issue oi body of niece and nephews.
Affirmed,
I. Wills €=>497(5), 498
Adopted daughter of deceased nephew,
who was one of testator's life tenants, was
excluded in a gift of income to nephew's
months and ten days after judgment was
entered to present its petition. Appellant
here acted within thirty da:rs.
3. The court below in Block House Fish
detailed in an extensive opinion its rea-
sons for denying relief. In this case the
court below filed no opinion of record.
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I
202 MATTER OF ESTATE OF ROSENRLUM
[459 Pa. 201, 1974.1
lowing accounting by trustee, even though exceptions to
three decrees of distribution were dismissed in single or-
der and appeals involved common questions of law and
fact, where each rernainderma:1 was remainderman of
separate trust and each remainderman had interest sepa-
rate and distinct from others.
i I
, ,
2. Will. <P683, 858(5)
Unsold real estate of which testator died seized pass-
ed to life insurance trusts under paragraph in will em-
powering trustee "to sell any or all of real estate of
which I may die seized . . . the said real estate
and proceeds of sale thereof to be added to principal of"
life insurance trust; words IIsaid real estate and pro-
ceeds of sale thereof" referred to "all of real estate of
which I may die seized": moreover, even if unsold real
estate did not pass to insurance trust under such para-
graph, it would reach same destination under terms of
residuary clause which gave residue to trustee to be add-
ed to principal of trust fund.
3. Wills <P680
Separate trust of unsold real estate was not implied
by testator's authorization in will to executor and trustee
to mortgage real estate for purpose of securing addition-
al capital for testator's furrier business; testator, by
paragraph in will empowering trustee to sell real estate
of which testator died seized and that real estate and
proceeds of sale were to be added to princ.ipal of trusls
and by giving residue to trustee to be added to principal
of trusts and by leaving furrier business to be held by
trustee to carryon said business, clearly intended that all
real estate holdings pass into corpus of trusts created for
benefit of children.
I
I;,
I'
4. Will. <P683
II Proceeds of sale" of real estate in paragraph of
will empowering trustee to sell real estate of which testa-
tor died seized and that real estate and proceeds of sale
MATTEIl OF ESTATE OF IlOSgNIILIlM 20~
(4~9 Pn. 201,1974.1
thereof were to be added to principal of trust fund could
not reasonably be stretched to include rents accruing
prior to sale and thus trustee did not err, on theory that
net rentals should have ueen capitalized and accumulated
for benefit of remaindermen, in paying net rentals from
settlor's real estate to his children, life tenants of trust.
See publication Words and Phrases for other judiw
cinl constructions and definitions.
5. Trusts G:;:;:I272.l
In general, rents received from realty held in trust
are income, and except as otherwise provided by terms of
trust, they are payable to beneficiary entitled to income
from trust.
6. Trusts €='326
Where remaindermen initially requested to inspect
records of trust during normal business hours at trus-
tee's place of business, and where there was nothing to
suggest that request was made in bad faith, limiting dis-
covery of such trust records to those items which re-
maindermen demonstrated were relevant to their objec-
tions to trustee's accounting was undue restriction on
discovery and on remand remaindermen would be per-
mitted to inspect all documents in hands of trustee per-
taining to trust. Pa.R.C.P. Nos. 4007, 4009, 12 P.S. Ap-
pendix.
7. Dh~covery PS9
Documents sought on discovery, relating to a trust
are "relevant to the subJect matter" of an audit of the
trustee's account, and may "substantially aid in prepara-
tion" of objections to account. Pa.R.C.P. Nos. 4007, 4009,
12 P.S. Appendix.
See publication Words and Phrases for other judi-
cial constructions and definitions.
8. Tru.t. <P326
Unlike ordInary party to adversary judicial proceed-
ing, trust beneficiary is not ohliged to show that require-
ment of rules governing discovery of tangible things
have been satisfied in order to obtain access to records in
L"J
r':i
r':i
~
i
,
"
204 MATTER OF ESTATE OF ROSENnLUM
1459 Po. 201, 1974.J
possession of trustee. Pa.R.C.P. Nos. 4007, 4009, 12 P.S.
Appendix.
.,
9. Trusts =326
Right of accesS to trust records is essential part of
beneficiary's right to complete information concerning
administration of trust.
10. Trusts .p326
Beneficiary's right of inspection has independent
source in his property interest in trust estate, and right
may be exercised irrespective of pendency of action or
proceeding in court.
11. Trusts ~326
Beneficiary's right to inspect trust records, like any
other right, must be exercised in good faith and with due
regard for rights of other interested parties.
\.
I"
,
,
,
12. Trusts .p326
Trustee is not bound to submit to vexatious and un-
warrantable call for books and papers, but at all reason-
able times, in proper places, must submit books and ac-
counts to those who have right of inspection of them;
subject to such principles trustee must give cotrustee and
parties interested ample opportunity to look into condi-
tion of estate.
John F. Ploeger, Truel & Ploeger, Pittsburgh, Maurice
A. Reichman, New York City, for appellant.
Melvin Schwartz, Cooper, Schwartz, Diamond & Reich,
Richard B. Tucker, Jr., Tucker, Arensberg & Ferguson,
J. Kent Culley, Pittsburgh, for appellees.
Before JONES, C. J., and EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROB-
ERTS, POMEROY, N1X and MANDERINO, JJ.
MATTlm OF ESTATF: OF IlOSlmllLUM
(459 Pa. 201, 1914,1
20~
OPINION OF THE COURT
POMEROY, ,Justice.
[1] These consolidated appeals come to us from de-
crees of distribution of trust assets folIowing an aCCDunt~
ing- by the trustee,' and the dismissal of exceptions there-
to. AppeIlants are remaindermen of a series of trusts
established by an agreement dated October 9, 1928 be-
tween Morris Rosenblum and Fidelity Title and Trust
Company, predecessor in interest to Pittsburgb National
Bank, appellee. The remaindermen contend that rents
from real estate which the trustee treated as an asset of
the trustg were elToneously distributed to the life tenants
of the trusts. They further allege that they have been
denied an adequate opportunity for discovery, and object
to the allowance of legal expenses incurred by the trustee
as proper charges against the trusts.
1.
The trust agreement of October 9, 1928 established
foul' trusts; one for the henefit of each of the settlor's
three children, Herman Rosenblum, Anna R. Reichman
and Sarah L. Helfer, and one for the benefit of the set-
tlor's nephew, Morris Goldstein. Each beneficiary was
made life tenant of the trust for his or her benefit. The
net income from each trust was to be paid to the life ten-
ant during his or her lifetime, and on the death of the
life lena Ill, the corpus was to be distributed free of trust
to his or her descendents, per stirpes. Insurance policies
on the life of Morris Rosenhlum supplied the original
corpus of the trusts. The seventeenth paragraph of the
trust agreement provides that
r..J:i
C"'j
C"'j
~
I. Appellants are remaindermen of separate trusts. Since each ap-
pellant has an interest separate and distinct from the others, sep~
arate appeals were necessary, even though exceptions to the
three decree~ of distribution were dismissed in a single order, and
the appeals Involve common questions of law and fact. Schuetz's
Estate, 315 Pa. 105, 172 A. 865 (1934).
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216 MATTER OF ESTATE OF ROSENBLUM
[459 Pa. 201, 1974.1
also Tripp Estate, 17 Lack.Jur. 270 (Orphans' Ct. Lack.
County 1916); Coberly v. Superior Court, 231 Cal.App.
2d 685, 42 Cal.Rptr. 64, 68 (1965) (". safe-
guards against abuse of discovery and absence
of good cause are available to [a trustee], as to any other
litigant.")
In the case at bar, appellant's initial request to inspect
the records of the trust during normal business hours at
the trustee's place of business was a reasonable one, and
there is nothing in the record to suggest that the request
was made in bad faith.' On remand, the beneficiaries
must be permitted, within a reasonable time to be fixed
by the court, to inspect all documents in the hands of the
trustee pertaining to the trust, after which additional
objections to the trustee's accounts may be filed.'
In view of this disposition of the case, we need not
pass on appellants' contention that the trustee should be
denied reimbursement of its legal costs.
The decree is vacated, and the case is remanded for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Costs
to abide the event.
7. It does appear, however. that appellants were somewhat dilato-
ry in pursuing the substantial opportunities for discovery which
the auditing judge. in a commendable effort to protect the right!!
of parties unfamiliar with Pennsylvania procedure, made available
to appellants after their initial objections to the trustee's ac-
counts had been filed. If, after our remand of the case, appel-
lants choose to exercise their right to inspect the records of the
trust, they must do so promptly, so that this prolonged litigation
may be brought fo a conclusion.
8. The record reveals that the greater part of the documentary
material which was the subject of appellants' petition for discov-
ery was sought in connection with appellants' theory that the tes-
tator's real estate formed the corpus of a separate residuary
trust It was appellants' contention that tax returns, mortgage
records, correspondence and other documents in the possession of
the trustee would demonstrate that the trustee had acknowledged
the existence of a separate trust. Lest there he any misunder-
standing on this point, we emphasize that we are in complete
agreement with the lower court that the existence vel non of the
separate trust of real estate is purely a question of testamentary
intent, derived from the trust instruments. The conduct of the
trustee during the administration of the trust has no bearing on
this question.
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MEYER v. BOTTONE
[458 Pa. 217, 1874.]
217
N.
~
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328 A.2d 166
Charles J. MEYER et al., Appellants,
v.
Louis BOTTONE et aI., Appellees.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Argued Nov. 11, 1974.
Decided Nov. 15, 1974.
Action by members of local union seeking to enjoin
a scheduled union election. The Court of Common Pleas,
Philadelphia County, Action in Equity, September Term,
1974, No. 4959, James R. Cavanaugh, J., denied the re-
quest for a preliminary injunction, and union members
appealed. The Supreme Court, No. 115 January Term,
1975, held that claim of union members presented a mat-
ter over which the state courts should refrain from exer-
cising jurisdiction.
Final decree vacated, complaint dismissed.
Courts *'489(9)
Claim of members of union, who sought to enjoin a
scheduled election, presented a matter over which the
state courts should refrain from exercising jurisdiction,
since, while state and federal courts may have concurrent
jurisdiction prior to an election, federal law provides
that Secretary of Labor shall, upon complaint, investi-
gate and, in event of a violation, bring a civil action to
set aside an election, and where federal statute also pro-
vides that a member may file a complaint alleging a vio-
lation of the organization's constitution and bylaws per-
taining to the election of officers. Labor-Management
Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, ~ 402, 29 U.S.C.A.
~ 482.
Anthony P. Baratta, Philadelphia, for appellants.
Howard J. Casper, Philadelphia, for appellees.