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HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-00136 " II " " " . 1 " , " 'I I' I , \, I II , :' " ' I , " :, , " j: " , " " i , , " " , , ;1" , , , " , " I ' I I I , 'I S ,\ . , " " ," I 1 , I, " il , , , , " ' I , , , I , , ,j' . I "I .. , td '1'1 , , , , " , , , " ' I I, " I I , , " , 'I , .' /1 , , " , , , , " , , , , , 'q , " I I " , , , I ' , 'J, , , , , " , i,1 , , , " '" " I 'I . , \; , I " " ., , , , , ;j i;" , ",' I , , , I 'I " ", I '\ I, ' ,,' I" i) BITH ANN TOMLIN80N, Plaintitt , IN THI COURT or COMMON PLlA8 , CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PINNA. , , CIVIL ACTION - LAW : ~~RY '~R~AL ~~D~~ 91/ v. RINEI SPOHN, Defendant MOTICI TO DI.IID You hay. b..n .ued in aourt. It you wi.h to d.t.nd again.t the alaim. .et torth in the following pag.., you mu.t taka aotion within tw.nty (20) day. attar thia complaint and Notia. ara ..rv.d, by .nta~ing a written appeuana. p.nonally or b~ attorn.y alld tiling in writing with the Court your det.n... or objeation. to the olaim. ..t torth again.t yau. You ar. warn.d that it you tail to do .0 the aa.e may proc..d without you and judqment may b. .nt.r.d agdn.t you by the Court without furth.r notic. tor any mon.y olaimad in the complaint or tor any oth.r alaim or r.li.t requ..t.d by the Plaintift. You may lo.e mon.y or property or oth.r ri9ht. important to you. YOU 8HOULD TAKE THIS PAPER TO YOUR LAWYER AT ONCE. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE LAWYER OR CANNOT AFFORD ONE, GO TO OR TELEPlIONIl THE OFnCIl SET FORTH BELOW TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN GET LEGAL HBLP. Court Admini.trator cumb.rland county Courthou.. - 4th Floor 1 Courthou.. Square Carli.la, PA 17013-3387 (717) 240-11200 , " ~: " 81TH ANN TOMLINSON, Pla!ntUt v. , , , , I I I IN TH. ~OURT or COMMON PLIAS CUMBIRLAND COUNTY, PINNA. CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. (3 to fl, fqt1~ JURY TRIAL DIHANDID RENEI SPOHN, ,Det.ndant co. , L A I . T 1. Plaintift 8.th Ann Tomlin.on i. an adult individual and citiun of the COD\lllonwealth of p.nn.ylvania who reaid.. at 1138 Market Stre.t, New Cumb.rland, Cumberland County, P.nn.ylvania. 2. D.t.ndant Rene. Spohn ia an adult individual and alti..n ot the COllllllonw.alth of p.nn.ylvania who r..id.. at 1108 Bridg. Street, N.w Cumb.rland, Cumberland County, Penn.ylvania. 3. The tact. and oacurrenc.. hereinatter r.lated took place on or about Oatober II, 1993, at approximately 10'011 a.m. on State Route 2018 in N.w cumberland, cumb.rland County, P.nn.ylvania. 4. State Rout. 2018 in the area of the accident i. a two- lane urban .tre.t whiah aurve. at the acaident .it., but run. g.nerally north and .outh with lanee tor parking on both .id.. ot the .tre.t. II. State Rout. 2018 .outh ot the acaident .it. i. known .. Brandt Avenu. and north of the aacid.nt .it. i. known a. limp.on Ferry Road. 37066f~AH 6. .tat. Rout. 2011 i. . .tat.-d..ignat.d through highway, .nd at the .it. ot the .aaid.nt/ int.r..at. with a loa.l .tr.at, Brandt Av.nu., which i. controlled by a .top .ign. 7. At that time and plaae, Plaintitt B.th Ann Tomlin.on wa. op.rating a Sahwinn biayal. in a north.rly diuation on SR 2011 approaahing it. int.r.eation with Brandt Avenu.. 8. At that time and plaa., O.tendant R.n.. Spohn w.. op.rating . 1992 Dodg. Caravan in a north.rly direation on SR 2018 trav.Unq in the .am. direction but behind Plaintitt Beth Ann Tomlin.on. 9. At that time and plaae, Plaintiff B.th Ann Tomlin.on w.. att.mptinq to pr.oa..d around the aurv. to continua proaeeding on SR 2018 n.ar it. int.r.eation with Brandt Av.nu.. 10. Plaintitt Beth Ann Tomlin.on wa. prcc..dinq a. n.a~ to the right .ide ot SR 2018 a. praaticabl. and wa. .xerai.ing due aar. in ob..rvinq other trattic .topp.d on Brandt Av.nue. 11. At that time and plaa., Defendant R.n.. Spohn wa. att.mpting to turn ott SR 2018 onto Brandt Avenu., at which time the front right porticn ot Defendant Spohn'. vehicle viol.ntly aollided with the bicyale op.rated by Plaintitt Beth Ann Tomlin.on. 12. A. a re.ult ot the aolli.ion, Plaintitt B.th Ann Tomlin.on w.. thrown ott the blayal. and landed on the .tre.t/ cau.ing her .av.re and p.rmanent injurie.. 2 13. The toregolng .aoid.nt and all at the injurh. and damag.. let torth h.reinatt.r .u.tain.d by PlIintUt B.th Ann Tomlin.on are the dinat and proximate n.ult of the neglig.nt, oar.l..., wanton and r.akle.. manner in whiah Petendant Ren.1I Spohn op.rat.d her motor vehiale a. tollow.. Failur. to hay. her vohiole und.r .uoh aontrol a. to be able to .top within the a..ur.d al.ar dbtanae ahead, Failure to k..p alert and maintain a prop.r watoh tor the pre..nae of bioyli.t. on the road, Failure to ~pply her brak.. in .utfioi.nt time to avoid .trikinq Plaintiff B.th Ann Tomlin.on, Failure to travel at a .at. .p..d, Failure to drive her vehiale with due regard tor the hiqhway and traftia aondition. whiah w.r. .xi.ting and ot whiah h. waa or .hould have b.en aware, Failur. to k.ep proper and ad.quat. aontrol ov.r her v.hiale, Drivinq her v.hiole upon t',he hiqhway in a manner .ndangerinq p.r.one and property and in a reokl... manner with aarel... di.nqard to the right. and ..tety of oth.re and in violation ot the Motor V.hiale Code ot the CO\ll\llonwealth ot p.nn.ylvania. 14. Ae a dir.at and proximat. re.ult ot the atorementioned (a) (b) (a) (d) (.) (t) (q) aaaident, Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlin.on .u.tained paintul and ..ver. injurie. whiah inalude but ar. not limited to three tracture. ot her pelvi., and aontulionl, a. well aa g.neral .hcok to her n.rvou. 'Ylltela. 3 15. BV raa.on of tha atore.aid injuria. .u.tainea by Plaintitt Bath Ann Tomlin.on, .ha wa. toraad to inour liability tor maaiaal traatment, mediaation., hoepitalization., and .imilar mi.cellaneou. axpan.a. in an ettort to ra.tore har.elt to haalth, and alaim i. mada tharefore. 16. laaau.a of the nature of her injuria., Pla1ntUt lath Ann Tomlin.on ha. been advi.ed and, theretora, avare that .he may be foraed to inour .imilar expen.e. in the futura, ana olaim i. made tharetor. 17. A. a re.ul t of the aforementioned injuria., Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlin.on hae underqone and in tha futura will undergo qreat phy.iaal and mental .ufferinq, 9raat inaonvanienoa in oarrying out her daily activitie., 10.. ot life'. plaa.ura. and anjoyment, and alaim i. made theretor. 18. A. a re.ult of tha atoramentionad injuria., Plaintitt lath Ann Tomlin.on ha. baen and in the futura will ba .ubjaot to qraat humiliation and embarra..ment, and claim i. mada therator. 19. Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlin.on continue. to be plaguad by peuiatant pain and limitation and, theretore, aven that her injurie. may ba ot a permanent nature, cau.ing re.idual probla.. tor tha ramaindar ot her litetima, and claim i. mada tharetor. .. " , ('. ,\~ I" ' . ~) ..~ ~ ~ \...> "~I .... :.~ 1.1 ~ , ..i " 4. ;J; ..~ 0 ,) .1',- f] l:, . " ~ " Ii) '.J :.r In I,) ;.l' 0 ":,r :J'" ~ \'l ~I I, r ,I ,', (:rj ". .. -" . .t!: - In :~ eel..: ;:,. ~I 0 LJ.J _J '+- ,> .. -, )- '+- c: ~) ;::: o~ l,,1 '~ '" ~ '- '. ." " ,~ .. ., ;.:::;;!! c: r:: :z OJ I~I I Ol./J ,~ <lJ O'--e ;;;"- f;. '" .... ... 11'111- ~ .:u , ~ <1J , I.U ''- I .i! C\. '" C ."~ '-'i=:5 a , c: " ~Q --J y.~~ .~I w... ;~ . .~ '" ;::; Cl::> , [ .'. ,. a. VI~ .. <:) ;;! 00- t: I-U~ C. . II: '" I~ "" a C> r? " =>~~ ..... e .0 0;:1- I;; <5 U.JIj- W '-' .. ~ 0.. U ,J "" ... V) ~~ WJ '" oC ~I <1J :J:' ~-' I" "'VI t--= e:... ~.~ I> :1, ~~~ .c:c: .,.~ . 9 ..... U:J ;;::=J,.....~~ WJ \" ,~ 0 _-UU2 m 0,; ==u ~ " I' I:, , I, , , '.. " , , " ' . , " . . . . . . ,,'" 'II.,., ".I '111, ~ '1\ II", 'I. 011 ,,~.,.\ 1 IfI. 1'111') I 0') . lot"" I'!II' ~I.ll\' 11, " >I. l' I , 'I I f /, ;~ I BETH ANN TOMLINSON, Pla1ntift , IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS or , CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA , , NO. 136 CIVIL 1994 I I I JURY TRIAL DEMANDED v. RENEE SPOHN, Defendant " J , , I I I, 'I I I I W.lWl AND NOW, aome. the defendant, Renee Spohn, by h.r attorn.y., Fowler, Addam., Shughart' Rundle, and makes the following answ.r to the plaintitf's complaint I 1-3. Admitted. 4. After reaeonable investigation, the detendant i. without knowledge ,ufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the averm.nt. The same is therefore denied. I 5. The answer to Paragraph 4 is incorporated herein by reterence. , I I 6. Th. answer to Paragraph 4 is incorporated h.r.in by reterence. Brandt Avenue extends directly north and .outh, and northbound traffia is not controlled by a .top .ign. 7. Denied a. stated. The plaintiff was traveling north on the right hand berm of Brandt Avenue. 8. Denied a. .tated. The defendant was traveling north on Brandt Avenue. Ii.' I' , ' 9. Denied as stated. It appeared that the plaintitf was turning left onto simpson Ferry Road. 10. The aonclusion of law is denied and the an.wer to Paragraph 7 is incorporated herein by reference. ,., I , 11. Denied. The defandant wa. continuinq north on Brandt Avenua and the plaintiff .uddenly and without warninq turned left diraotly in front of her vehiole. 13. After raa.onable invo.tiqation, the datendant i. without knowledga .utfiaient to form I beli.f a. to tha truth of the avarment. reqarding tha plaintiff" injuria. and damaqe.. The ..me are therafore denied. 13. The aonolusion of law that the operation of the defandant'. vehiale was neqligent, oarelese, wanton and reakle.. i. denied. 14-31. The answer to Paragraph 12 is incorporated herein by refarenae. WHEREFORE, the defendant roquests the complaint be di.mi..ed. NEW MATTER By way of further answer and defense, the detendant ....rt. the tollowing in new matterl 32. The aaaident set forth in the complaint wa. aau.ed eolaly or in part by the plaintiff's oontributory negligenoa inl A. Making a left turn directly in front ot the defendant'. vehicle. B. Failing to signal her intention to turn left onto Simpeon Ferry Road. c. Failing to operate her vehiale to tha laft .id. of Brandt Avenue prior to attempting to turn left. . ~1J:E FJC",'nOH Renea Spohn hareby v.rifia. that the faats ..t torth in tha toragoing An.wer ara trua and aorreat to the ba.t of her knowladga, information and beliat, and undarstand. that tal.a .tatement. herein are made .ubjaat to tha penaltia. ot ,18 Pa. C.B. 14904 relatlng to unsworn falsitiaation.. /~.~P'JLc..- I I ,^, I DATlll ..; /1 '7/'1 'I I' , , , , , , , , , I , !i , , '1,. I I . , 1'1 , " ,I 1 i,j " , , \ " ,1 'I , " 1 , , " , , , " " I', '" , , , I , ! , " I ., , , i 'I'! I, " , B~T" ANN TOMLI~SON, pla!ntift v. , , I , , , , IN THE COURT or COMMON PLIAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA , CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 136 CIVIL 1994 JURY TRIAL DEMANDED RENEE SPOHN, Defendant .LJIKTI..'. ...LY TO D...KDANT'. NOTIOH IN LINIH. AND NOW, Plaintitt, Beth Ann Tomlinson, by and through h.r attorn.y., Angino , Rovner, P.C., hereby re.pond. to D.tendant'. Motion in Limine as followSl COUNT I 1. Admitted. :Z. Admitted. 3. Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson .u.tained . traatur. ot the pUbia rami. extending into the anterior aolumn of the iliac win9 area of her pelvis with . subtle anterior margin tractur. of the left aaetabulum. aAa, anatomical diagram. of pelvi. .howinq the loaation. of the fracturee, attaahed hereto a. Exhibit "A". Plaintitf Beth Ann Tomlinson wa. ho.pitalized for a p.riod ot nine day. at Harri.burg Ho.pital wh.r. Ih. wa. in traation, .urgery wa. not r.quired, and .he wa. oft work until r.bruary, 1994, a p.riod ot approximately four manths. Although Plaintitt Beth Ann Tomlin.on did make a good reaov.ry, Plaintitf's treatinq orthopedio phyaioian, Craiq W. rultz, M.D., prepared a report, dated May 11, 1994, indicating that .he had the po..ibility of dev.loping ahronio &n60/DMII pain in her pelvi., a. well al developing poat.traumatio arthriti. in h.r aaaroiliao ~oint.. Plaintift Seth Ann Tomlin.on do.. not beli.v. that .h. ha. r.turned to h.r full funation at thi. point. 11.I, report ot Dr. Fulta attaah'cS h.reto .. Exhibit "S". 4. Admitt.d. It i. admitted that the ottiae not.. of Dr. Fultz were attaahed a. Exhibit "S" tc Detendant'. Motion. ~(b). Deni.d. It i. .peoifiaally d.ni.d that Plaintitf S.th Ann Tomlin.on did not auetain a "ledou. injury" in aacordanae with the penn.ylvania Motor Vehiale Finanaial Re.pon.ibility Aat, 7~ Pa.C.B.A. 51702. Plaintiff Seth Ann Tomlinaon wa. ho.pitaliz.d tor a period of nine daya for a tr.atured pelvia, durin9 whiah time .h. wa. totally r.stricted from any activitie.. Plaintitt w.nt on to a period of re.trictiona from work for tour month., during whioh time .he wa. reetricted from any w.iqhtbearin9 on her l.g. Ov.r the four month p.riod, Plaintiff .lowly proqr....d to full w.ightbea~ing at the time .h. wae rel.a.ed to r.turn to h.r work. Plaintitt B.th Ann Tomlin.on oontinu.a to have re.idual probl.m. and ia .u.a.ptibl. to future aompl!oat1on. .. a ra.ult ot the injury and therefore maintain. that ah. did .uatain a .eriou. injury and .uatained a .erious impairm.nt of body funation in the plat and may have .erioua aompliaation. in the futur.. 7. D.nied. It i. .peaitiaally d.nied that Plaintitf Beth Ann Tomlin.on i. precluded trom maintaining an action for non..oono.io :2 10.... in Icaordanc. with Section 1705(d). To th~ oontrary, it 1. avarr.d that Plaintitt did .u.tain a ..riou. injury and ther.tor., i. permitted to obtain non-economia damage. (pain and .utfering) again.t the Detendant. WHEREFORE, Plaintift Beth Ann Tomlin.on re.p.cttully requ..t. th!a Honorable Court to deny Defendant'. Motion in Limin. to prealud. reaov.ry on non-eoonomia damage.. COUNT II 7. It i. admitted that Plaintitt B.th Ann Tomlin.on wa. on her bicyale and wa. prooeeding around a curve on sa 2018 while the Detendant'. van wa. traveling north on Brandt AVenue in N.w Cumberland. It i. further admitted the aooident oaaurred a. Plaintitt Beth Ann Tomlin.on started through the aurve to aontinu. on SR 2018, whioh turn. into Simpeon Ferry Road beyond the aurv.. Plaintiff B.th Ann Tomlin.on objeat. to Defendant'. aharacter1zation that the Oetendant Wla aontinuing on the .am. .tr..t on whioh .he had been traveling prior to .triking Plaintitf Beth Ann Tomlin.on. Althcugh the loaal .tre.t nam. remain. the ..m., the Stat.-de.ignated highway and the through trattia tlow i. around the aurve on the Stat.-d..ignated highway, a. indicated by the .igning and pavem.nt marking. Which exi.ted at the int.n.ction at the time ot the accident. 3 I ,1 , , 8. Adm!ttad. 9. Plaintitf Bath Ann Tomlin.on propol" to aall tha Di.t~iat TratUa Enginear trom the Pann.ylvania Departmant o~ Tranlportation to axplain the .igning and pavament marking. whiah axi.t.d at tha intar.aotion, a. .~t torth in Plaintitf'. Of tar ot Proof aontainad in a lattar to Attorney William A. Addam., dated Augu.t 14, 1994, attached herato a. Exhibit "C". 10. Admitted. 11. Oanied. It ie .pecifiaally denied that plaintitt Bath Ann Tomlineon i. aallinq tha Di.triot Trattio Engineer trom the Penn.ylvania Department of Tran.portation to render op!nion. ot an expert nature, and in hat, the OiBtriat Traftia Enqineer ia prohibited trom aatinq as an expert on behalf ot a party in aivil litiyation. Plaintiff'. purpo.e in oallinq the Di.triat Trattia Enqinau ia to explain the aiqninq and pavement markinq. whiah exi.tad and why the .iqninq wa. in plaae at the intar.eotion, a. .et torth in Plaintitt'e otter ot Proof. Plaintiff Bath Ann Tomlin.on maintains that tha Di.triat Traffio Enqinaar'. ta.timony i. tactual and i. intended to explain to tha jury tha .ignitioanaa and maaninq ot the .iqn and pavement markinq., ba.ed upon whioh the Court will ba required to aharqe the jury .. to tha 18gal obliqation. on the partie. involvad in tha aaaidant. Plaintitt Bath Ann Tomlin.on maintain. that the Di.trict Traffic En9in.e~" 4 t..Ulllony will b. limply to axplain to the jury tha a1gnll1g ancS whit ita intancSad purpo.a WI' in aontrollinq the tlow ot trattia cn tha state-de. ignited highway, whiah il under the Di.trlat Traftla Enginaar" juri.diation and control 12. Denhd. It is .peaitiaally deni.d that thi. a..a involve. how a reasonable driver would proaeed through the aurva under the airoumstanaes whioh Ixi.ted. Defendant wa. .till obligated to tollow the rules of the road in addition to latinq rea.onably under the oiraumstanoes. Plaintiff Bath Ann Tomlin.on maintain. that thi. aasl aenter. around the legal obligation. ot both oparator. and whether Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlin.on, a. a biayole rider proaeeding around the aurva on the stata-da.ignlted highway, had any obligation to .ignal or .top batore proaeeding around the curve and whether Detendant Renee Spohn had any obligation to yield the right-ot-way before exiting tha stata- da.ignated highway. Plaintiff maintain. that tha legal dutie. ot the parU.. to the lawsuit are the aentral ia.ua aonaernlnq liability in this aase, and those dutie. oannot be datermined by the jury without a alear under.tanding of the legal obligation. and phy.iaal taatora, inoluding the layout of the highway which ex!ated in thia aue. 14. Denied. It i. .peaifioally dani.d that the te.timony ot the Di.triot Traffia Enginear i. not ralevant. TO the oontrary, is !.' Plaint1tt Bath Ann Tomlin'Qn maint.in. that the Di.triot Trlttla Enginaar'. ta.timony b In ....nti.l toundation tor tha Cou~t" ahug8 a. to the lagal obligltion. ot tha oparatora under the P.nn.ylvlntl Motor Vahiol. Cod.. WHEREFORE, Plaintitf Bath Ann Tomlin.on r..p.attully raqua.t. thb Honorabla Court to d.ny Datendant'. Motion in Limin. to prealuda reoovery on non~.aonomia dam.q... .. . 01 I. D. No. 36/S13 4/S03 North Front straat H.rri.burg, PA 17110~17ii' (717) 238-671l1 Coun.al tor Plaintitt Dat.d, q/IIJ/qll , " " I ' " " j )! /" " I' "I ) .', , , , " " ,\ I, " , " v \' ,I " , , I ) , , :' , 'I , " , " " ", /, " , " , " " I " " , " , " " , " ,I , , " 11,' " ,\i i 1'1 " , I. "I' 'I " , " " I . " . CUluberland Orthopaedic hssociates, LTD. 811 November Drive. Camp HIli, PA 17011.e087 Phone 717.7111.81144 . Fax 717.761.11880 Thoma, H. M.lln, M.D., F.A.C.S. WIIII.m J. Pol.oh.o~, Jr., M.D. Craig W. Fullz, M.D. May 11, 1994 Michael E. Kosik, Esquire Anlllno & Rovner, P.C. 4~03 North Front Street Harrlsburll. P A 1711 0 RE; Beth Tomlinson ~38 Market Street New Cumberland, PA 17070 Dear Mr. Kosik: 1 am wrltinll you In rellards to Beth Tomlinson as you requested in your letter dated March 30. 1994. Beth Is a 32-year-old white female who was reportedly Involved in a bicycle accident on October~, 1993. She claimed to have been rldinll her bicycle and was struck by an automobile sustalninll injury to her pelvis on the left side. She was seen by me at Harrlsburll Hospital where she was broullht for evaluation. Her X-rays at that time demonstrated a pubic ramus fracture extendinlllnto the anterior column and the iliac winll area of her pelvis. She Is Ilrossly neurovascularly Intact and she did not appear to have any other slllnlficant Intra- abdominal or other orthopedic injuries. She was admitted to the hospital for pain control as well as to obtain a CT scan of her pelvis to further evaluate the anatomy of her fracture. It was necessary so that definitive and appropriate treatment could be outlined for her. The CT scan of her pelvis demonstrated a left Inferior pubic ramus fracture as well as a subtle anterior marllln fracture of her left acetabulum. She did not appear to have sillnificant Intra. articular involvement of her fracture. There is no evidence of any Instability of her hip joint created by these fractures. She also had a fracture extendinll into her left iliac winll. The pubic symphysis as well as the SI joints appear to be intaot. These findinlls allowed us to outline an appropriate conservative treatment rellimen for her in that acute surllical intervention was not necessary for these fractures. The patient was advised on the prollnosis of her injury includinll the possibility of developlnll chronic pain in her pelvis, nonunion of the fractures, an4 the possible need for future surllery. She was also advised on possibly developlnll post traumatic arthritis in her SI joints. PRACTIC! LIMITlD TO ORTHOPAI!DIC SUROERY RE: Beth Tomlinson May 11, 1994 Palle 2 I The patient was treated with a course of bedrest and was subsequently dlscharlled to home on October I~, 1993. She Willi uslnll crutches for ambulation at the time ofdlscharlle. She wu still havinll a moderate dellree of discomfort in her pelvis. but had markedly improved in comparison to her admission status. The patient wu seen in my office on October 22, 1993, on November 19, 1993, on December 17, 1993, on January 27, 1994, and her last office visit Wll8 on March 23, 1994. Durinll these office visits, she had physical exams completed and intermittent radlollraphlc evaluations. As these findinlls demonstrate slllns of bony healinll, we advanced her welllhtbearlnll status. At approximately elllht weeks post fracture, she was advanced to partial weillhtbearinll on her left lei. At ten and one half weeks post fracture, she was allowed to advance herself to welllhtbearinll as tolerated. At her last office visit, on March 23, 1994. she was approximately five and one half. months status post her pelvic fracture. The patient wu dolnll well. She would lIet occasional achiness In her pelvis which did not appear to be related to any speclflc activity and it spontaneously resolved. She had no radicular symptoms or pain with s~dinll or walkinll activities. Her physical examination demonstrated no ~nderness about her fracture sites or to stressinll of the pelvis. There was a full ranlle of motion of her hip and lower extremities with normal neurolollical and vascular examination. At her last office visit, the patient hu an excellent result for the extent of her injury. It is my opinion that it will be uniikely that she will need any further Intervention for these fractures. Her proanosis is Ilood. She is statistically at slillhtly IIreater risk for developinll post traumatic arthritis in the SI joints, but one cannot be sure whether this would definitely develop or not. At the present time, 1 believe that there would be no further costs for any future treatment related to this injury. 1 believe this answers all of your questions and concerns rellardinll Beth Tomlinson's injuries. Sincerely, C~~~~~ CWF/mb " ,', " , I ./ 'I I I , ' \ ' " , , , I \ I I' " , I I 'I I' " '1\ 'I " I' \, , '" I , I " , , " " 1/. I ' 1 , , I , ' " 'I I, I 'I I" n II, I, " " 'I "Il'IIA1IU I', M'HIINI) I..\'N 'III'~'II"!'H ,\jXIl,I, "lIYN'UI ANlllNO & J{I,IVN1'al. nc. 11'NHY at. IIYNAN Mll'II"tllo IL NO.IN L'j\T,IIIl.'1'I1I M. YAUAt)Y....ITU IMYIIl" WI.NUN. MIC>>~.t.I. l"I,\VIT."Y l.AW.'NIJII" )lAaO.... ItTIIPUIIN.. P.D....H I t I I' I m.~wlI H. ~na..Il.I.u QAVIU a:. ..lJT~ I'AW'UoA O. MUIIWAN IICUAMU A. MAnfAKJIC NIIO,,, C. O'.M)N IOIIN I. MA."W.A PAWN J,.. ,.'NI"fflfUI r,.\:c 11171 "1,.1\6IQ .,UlII NIlIlTIt ~'Hl)NT K'fIt..:r,1' t1AJUU"UIJ'flI, l',II:NNA. 171111 t1UllltJ"lmn Auquat 24, 1194 Willi.. A. A44.ma, I.quir. lOWJ..B, ADDAMS, SHUGHART' RUNDLE P. O. lox 20. 2. Bouth Pitt Str..t c.rli.l., PA 17013 RII To~lin.Qn v. S90hn D.ar lilll Pl.... acc.pt thb l.ttar a. a written ottar ot prootr a. .uqq..t by Ju4q. Hottar in hi. Pr.-Tri.l Order, d.ted Auqu.t 17, 1994. A...t torth in our Pr.-Trial Memorandum it iI our intantion to call a rapre..nt.tiv. ot the penn.Ylvan!a Dapartment ot Tran.portation to ta.titl to the aiqninq which existad at tha accidant .ite and tho dqni icanc. ot the aiqninq, a. it pertain. to vahicle. oparatinq on that .eation ot hiqhway. I contactad tha Diatrict Enqin.erinq ottic. and waa advi.ad that Ronalel Irown, tha Diatrict Trattic Enqinaar, would bl the elaaiqn.. to taatity at the trial. In apeakinq with Mr. Brown, h. can contira that the "Latt Turn with Sid. Road straiqht Ahead 819n" (W1-1LS) ia an otticial D.partm.nt ot Tranaportation trattic control elevic.. 1aI, attach.d aiqn eliaqraa. H. will tlltity conaiatant with the elaacription which ia contain in tha D.partment of TranaportatJ.on raqul.tiona for tha plac.mant anel ue. ot the 81qn. In aelelitJ.on. Mr. Brown will axplain that aa tar II tha Dapartmant of Tranaportation ia concarneel, the local atra.t namaa ar. irrelevant to the aiqninq and tratfic controla which ara in.t.ll.el. In thi. caaa, the State-elaaiqnat.el hiqhway (SR 2018) i. tha major throuqh hiqhw.y, anel Brandt Avenu. notth ot the curv. woulel be conaid.rad the local ..conelary ro.d. SR 20U w.a praviou.1Y daaiqnatad aa Leqialativa Routa (LR) 21022, which hael b.an Idopt.el by the P.nnaylvania L.9ialatur. a. I Stat.-d..ignatad hiqhWIY, a. indicat.el by the two ..ction. ot Purdon atatut.. . 3. P.'. 1173.-2 and 11753-2. The sacret.ry ot Trln.portltion pr.viou.ly iaauad a l.qal l.ttar eleai9na~inq tha Stata hiqhwlY a. , " CERTIFICATE or SERVICI I, Donn. M. Rineer, an employee ot the law firm of An9ino , Rovner, P.C., do hereby certify that I am thi. day .ervin9 a true and correct oopy of the foregoing .LAINTI"', a"LY '0 D.'IMDAMT'I NotIO. IN LININ' upon all counsel of record, via postage pre-paid, first cla.. United atate. mail, addr...ed a. followSl William A. Addam., E.quire FOWLER, ADDAMS, SHUGHART' RUNDLE P. 0, Box 208 2U South pitt Street carli.le, fA 17013 If) /7}?~ /?1. -,eh? ~ in Donna . lneer oated'-Pf findY.. I~ 1991./ I' 1'1 'I " , , " I' , " , " /! , , IJ " III < I ~ ;Q:i '+- ... '+- c Wj> '~ '0 ~~ 0 -J-J ... U QJ ~ '''- >- c c ~~ .... ~ V) <1J .~ r- 15$2 "' .... ::J ~ ~ OJ crt... <II I ~ I. ~ f.~ '" "- '" 0'"' ,,,,+- tj ...11: u.J'.- '~ o ":11 q '" ... ,.J ~ lJ>-<aIQ 0 >O...J . C1 l~ ~-Jcr.z V) C:z _':>.l'r" u...:i! ~.< "" '" '~ "' ~ .~I Co:. J :<. ~ lSI'"' '''~ r- a -J UJ _J 00.. E I- u15~'" - Ill! Y- ~. '" > <::0 -. .... .'. I~~ ::l C:P-~ l-l I- :t: . '"' .0 Q;!I-<..,) 2 ~i Lu4-. u:5u ~ _<'-OQ::: :;: V) ~~ ~'" ""I- ti QJ OJ ~-J_ UJ It) ," I- ~ >- :J: uJ ... .c:c l!,;> .", t;j ;? ~ l) :J ~~_d~ "J ..... () l-lt.,juz co '" :::u ", I. " " ,. .1 " 'I " , ..~-, ,,'j,.'" .11 ~'.I.,II' In I~I, ';1' JII III". 'Ji'tt'llll., 01 'lrllll1l1 11'lI1U11'1'IW .AI. ('\' \ \ 2(' 1"')' , . ,I . i, Ii ".1.. NIl'IIA"U I'. ,\NllINo 1..\WlIn'II'I':1'l ,\NllINO &. HOVNIJ:H. He. "''-;11,.1 IW\'N,m JI>>;~I'II M. r.lt:j,II,I.1I IMVIU I. I,IIT? ,Iuna..\. I'. MHI''''AN ""'IIAMU A, "Amol"'" NIJlIl...1.'. 1II.PM'N IIIIIIIN J. WAHar.I,'.A UAWN I.. II:NNINII" '11111.111"''''1)1 "If.MHV Pi. UVMAN MU'''.....U,~. KflHIK I1ATJl!l:lfllO: N ..Au....nY."WITII nAym", WIHNlCHMI WIl'JlAIU. J. NAVI1'NKY I..-\WNIENI!IIr.HAIIllI'iIil MTaWntH If, .'"UltNHr.N "1\1111 NIIHTII .'lfONT fiT,HI:";" 1I,\HHIHIII'HII. I'U'~N,\ 11111I ~""lI1111I1alt'l\lIll>> Auquat 24, U94 Willi.m A. Add.m., I.quir. FOWLER, ADDAMS, SHUGHART , RUNDLE P. O. Box 208 28 South Pitt Street carli.l., PA 17013 REI Tomlin.on v. Spo~ D..r Billl Pl.... accept thia letter a. a writt.n otter ot proot, .. .uqqe.t by JUdqe Hotter in hi. Pre-Trial order, dated Auqu.t 17, U1l4. A. ..t torth in our Pre-Trial Memorandum it 18 our int.ntion to c.ll a representative ot the p.nnaYlvania Department ot Transport.tion to testity to th~ siqning which existed at the .ccid.nt sit. .nd the aiqniticanc. ot the aiqninq, aa it pertains to vehicl.. operatinq on that section ot hiqhway. , " I contacted the District Enqineerinq ottice and was advi.ed that Ronald Brown, the D18trict Trattic Enqineer, would be the designee to teetity .t the trial. In apeaking with Mr, Brown, he can conUrm that the "Lett Turn With Side Road straight Ahead Siqn" (W1-1LS) 18 .n otUcial Department ot Transportation trattic control device. IU, attached siqn diaqram. He will te.tity conaistent with the de.cription which i. contain in the Department ot Tranaportation requlation. tor the placement and use ot the siqn. In .ddition, Mr. Brown will explain that .. tar as the Department ot Tr.nsportation i. ooncern.d, the loc.l .tr..t names are irrelevant to the si9nin9 and tratUc controla which .n install.d. In this c..e, the state-desi9nated hiqhway (SR 2018) ia the major through highway, and Br.ndt Av.nu. north ot the curve would b. conaider.d the loc.l s.condary road. sa 2018 wa. previou.ly de.igneted a. L.9islative Route (LR) 21022, which had been adopted by the Penn.ylvania L.qislatur. a. . state-de.iqnated highway! a. indicated by the two .ections ot Purdon etatutes - 36 P.8. '1738-2 and 11753-2. The Secretary ot Transportation previously issued a 1e9al lett.r desiqnatin9 the state hiqhway as BETH ANN TOM~INSON, Plaintiff I IN THE COURT OF COMMON P~EAS or I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSY~VANIA I I NO. 136 CIVI~ 1994 I I , JURY TRIA~ OEMANDEO v. RENICE SPOHN, Detendant DEFENDANT'S REOUESTEO POINTS FOR CHARGE. AND NOW, come. the defendant, Renee Spohn, by her attorney., Fowler, Addams, Shughart' Rundle, and requests Your Honorable charge the jury as followSI Under the law and the evidence, your verdict mu.t be in Defendant Renee spohn. 2. The Vehicle COde, 75 Pa. C.S.A. 53331(b) provide.' Lett turn. - The driver of a vehicle intending o turn left shall approach the turn in the extreme eft-hand lane lawfully available to traftic moving in the direction of travel of the vehicle. 3. The Vehicle Code, 75 Pa. C.S.A. 53334 provide., Turning movement. and required .i9nal. ea) General rule. - upon a roadway no peraon .hall turn a vehicle or move from one traffic lane tQ.anothor or enter the traffic stream from a parked '~o.ition unless and until the movement can be made with reasonable safety nor without giving an appropriate aignal in the manner provided in this .ection. >, 'I eb) .i9nal. on turnin9 and .tarting. - At .peed. of lea. than 35 mile. per hour, an appropriate eignal ot intention to turn right or left ehall be given continuouely during not lese than the last 100 teet traveled by the vehicle before turning. The aignal ehall be given during not lesa than the last 300 teet at .peeds in excess of 35 milea per hour. The eignal .hall aleo be given prior to entry of the vehicle into the traffic at ream from a parked position. i' 4. The Vehicle code, 75 Pa. C.B.A. 53324 provide.' VebiDle ente~in9 O~ D~o..in9 ~o.4w.y The driver of a vehiale about to enter or cro.. a ~oadway from any place other than another roadway .hall yield the riqht.of-way to all vehicle. approachinq on the roadway to b~ entered or cro..ed. "Roadway" is def ined as, "That portion of a hiqhway improved, de.iqned or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of sidewalk, berm or shoulder even thouqh such sidewalk, berm or shoulder is used by pedicycl$s. In the event a hiqhway includes two or more separate roadways the term 'roadway' reters to each roadway separately but not to all such roadwaye oollectively" 75 Pa. C.B.A. 5102. 5. The abov'il provision of the Vehicle Code "dictatee the oare required of someone in the same situation as the If you find that there was a violation ot this Aot, find the plaintiff neqliqent as a matter of law. However, before you answer the question of plaintiff's ri9ht to reoover, you must determine whether this negligence was a substantial factor in bringing about the plaintiff's injury." Pa.SBJI Cciv) 53.30. 6. The defsndant claims that the plaintiff wae ne91igent. contributory neg1igen08 is negliqence on the part of the plaintiff that is a substantial factor in brinqing about the plaintiff'. injury. The burden i. not on the , . plaintiff to prove her freedom from oontributory neqliqenoe. The dlfendant ha. the burden of provinq contributory neqli91nce by a fair preponderance of the credible .vidence. You mu.t d.termine wheth.r the defendant ha. proven that the plaintiff, under .11 the circum.tance. pre.ant, failed to exerci.e realonable oare for hi. own protection. The defendant contends that Miss Tomlinlon wa. neqliqent inl A. Ridinq alon9 the berm or shoulder and then enterinq the roadway in the path of the defendant, thus violatinq 53324 of the Vehicle Code. , 1 .... B. Turninq left from the riqht hand side of the road, , thus violatinq 53331(b) of the Vehicle Code. 1- C. Turninq left without a siqnal, thus violatinq 53324 of the Vehicle Code. D. Failinq to look for traffic cominq behind her. . 1- . E. Failinq to have a mirror F. Failinq to observe the defendant's vehicle in time to avoid a oollision. Even if you find that the plaintiff was neqliqent, you mUlt al.o determine whether the defendant haa proven that the plaintiff' I oonduot was a substantial factor in brinqinq about the plaintiff's injury. If the defendant does not sUltain that burden of proof, then the defense of contributory neqliqence ha. not been made out. Pa. SSJI (Civ) 53.03. 7. Under P.nnsylvania law, the plaintiff may recover non-economic 10s8 damages in this oase if the plaintiff can show by the greater weight of the evidenoel (1) Defendant wae negligent in one or more way. .s X d.soribed to you in my instruotions, (3) Defendant's negligenoe was a substantial factor in about injury to the plaintiff, and (3) Plaintiff's injury resulted in non-eoonomio damages, and (4) Plaintiff suffered serious impairment of a body function. To deoide this last and additional element of proof, you must decide, based upon the evidence I (1) Whether the injuries sustained by plaintiff in the acoident impaired one or more body functions I and (2) Whether that impairment of a body funotion was .erious. In determining whether the impairment of a body function was serious, you should consider such factors as the extent of the impairmont, the particular body function impaired, the length of time the impairment lasted, the treatment required to oorrect the impairment, and any other relevant faotors. An impairment need not be permanent to be serious. The terms, "serious", "impairment", and "body funotion" have no special or teohnical meaning in the law and should be SETH ANN TOMLINSON, Plaintiff : IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF : CUMBERLANO COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION. LAW 94.0136 CIVIL TERM v. RENEE SPOHN, Oefendant VEROICT FORM 1. 00 you ttnd that the Oefendant Renee Spohn wal negligent? YES )( NO I)., If you anewer YES, proceed to question 2. If your answer Is NO, please notify the clerk or bailiff and you will have reached a verdict and you will be returned to the courtroom. 2, Wae the negligence of the Oefendant, whom you have found to be negligent In qUlltlon 1, a substantial factor In causing the Injuries to Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomllneon? YES 'X NO . ,~ It you answer YES, proceed to que.tlon 3. If your answer II NO, please notify the clerk or bailiff, and you Will have reached a verdict. and you will be returned to the courtroom. 3. Wae Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomllneon negligent? YES_X- NO 11 It your anewer to thle question Is YES, proceed to question 4. It you anewered NO to thle question, proceed to question 6, ... Do you find that Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomllnlon'l negllg.noe, whloh you found In qUlltlon 3, WII a lubltantla' faotor In bringing .bout her h.rm? YES~ /1-. NO It your .nlwer II YES. proo..d to qUlltlon 5. It your anlwer to thll qU8Itlon II NO, prooeed to qUlltlon 8, &. raking the oomblned negligence that wal a Iubltantlal faotor In bringing about the Plaintiffs harm as 100%, what percentage of causal negllgenc. wu attributable to the Defendant, and what percentage wal attributable to the Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson? a. The percentage of cauaal negligence attributable to Defendant Renee Spohn (answer only If you have answered both qU8Itlons 1 and 2 YES). 70 % b. The percentage of causal negligence attributable to Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson (answer only If you have answered both qU88tlons 3 and 4 YES) ~c;'" It you have found that the Plaintiff's causal negligence to be great.r than 50%, then Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson cannot recover, and you should not anawer qU8ltlona 6 and 7 and should retum to the courtroom. It) ~\ ';l 6. a. Did tha Injury sustained by Plaintiff In the accident Impair one or more body functions? YES X \ l NO b. Was that Impalnnent of a body function serloul? YES X 12... NO If you answer YES to both questions, proceed to queatlon 7. If you answer NO to each question, Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson cannot reoover, and you should notify the clerk or bailiff and you will be retumed to thl courtroom. 7. etat8th. amount of damagee, If any, IUltalned by Plaintiff Seth Ann Tomlln.on. . 30,oC:>O 10- \ ~ ~/ .,;J.~ 'l~f1j1 Dat. I ,:cP/~ 1,1 , , , " " , " " , , l I , I , II " , I "'.1 i' I , , " , , , , , ,', " I " .; " " il , I , I " Ii \i I, ,j' " , ',/ I I "d ~1,.,"~ :~ili!M'F l" '_ " ... ',", I" \ It'ij' ,..~ I:;ll, . 1 "'\f ,'i',)t~1 ".~>fl '};__.;'J;; !/'Ii ,)"" . 'd~ d "."; " " !, ttk a~/~r ?f; ./!;' i , ':':I!('4({~ -;? C;;c~'j 0 '/, t1 ,; , . !.-/-t' /(.cU .,1./ t"/ttlC -tJ".tl' t (. ((:;7 c:1a..Il,# 7 ;;.el Le.e" , /t/cct'(j!t,r I' 1 il ;.,..(., . "'1" , ,11,.1 ,>J',",..""""''''''''''''- " ',-1 'I I i I !, i' " I' I;' , !' 'I' ,I.il I " , , .,'". - ''\", '" .. ,,L, ,.. ...!l.,." ~uaOR CALL RlQUIIT JUROR" HAMIl Pt.BASJll CALL AT (Phone Number) HBSSAGE 1'\ ii',! , , " " , ' , " ", ;1 I 'I " ill ,I 1, " . ,- - Dltol tj. ,) ((I '1'4- I'l) c,. No. "J I tb,1* 1.1ft ClvU 19(PI 8 Qlurt IbJII tb. :t CJ '- '~ (J 1. ~ C. hc1 ( 1(' ';> Lt~ ''':( S e . ~-ir--&t \) (tlJl (I I~.) \?; IJet' lj . "'3, -6l- l.61'1,(--tAr ~,t+tTt-/'-. 4. IO~' 'l(oLed L. SeM/slef !I. 77- {l.)(llla{(" i2 tl1l).efS 6. C/7' ,G(lf~ ( .SJ"e I'd.:.. !J,',,7io ("/l~>/Clll"rJc' ,rOLl lou,rU' ~ B.67' Uorls /2,'cc. 9. liS: {J'tL( I t, tJt'rl 't\o~ 3,: t;dLth,d uJ G)in~)t..,' 11'58 rnt'J.J( _:1 LlnJ~c(:J 'fd~I..(</ (j4, ~If( 8 Ho ~i'n:J cf' ,T{31~ I w -.of, unit. moo v c> 14. 7~ I::.V'tl(';:,1- (~ ()(l('r),J/!', 1!1, l/7 - Do" C/ /c) {...' -.J (J II I 16. .5'5' 1)1"('(1(1 a. Lt' (' L (tn 0 tI e-. 17. fill iJJl '~)(r'l 6, IA.J,/I,'am..s p~ IS\.( ~U1 " , ' A d a rr1 ~ 19. 5(/. r~'t1fllt.. GrC"o-, (l/.{)cr.C! 20. (s- /(C/.+I\./(,t'rJ 1-/, 6tJd("!C- 21. .~tJ;. mafLj j., DjarrYlctn P.2~. -:J I _ ~ ..+" .. I II, i2, _-,",) Dc'fhj Jane nam. '~OY) ~. '" .. " "I ':\, ' ','1'1"',".' '.' '.; '.' .~...,.' , ,', '~.~" I r ' ( ,'\ ' ~ _. i~. . I , I ~' , , . .. , ~1" . :illI':H 11"1"':; HJ.o:'n1HN COof\PNWEAIJllI OF Pl'NNHYl,VANIA, COUm'Y m' CllolJ3f:1l1ANll In The Court of Common Plells of ClIm~)erland county, Pennsylvania No, 136 Clv 11 THill 1994 Complaint in civil Action I,aw ancJ NotJ.ce to Defend Peth Ann Tomlinson VII Renee Spohn W~sley Coo~__.____--__--..-__-." >mJl6IJ~lk DO[lllty Sheriff. of Cunberland County, Pennsylvania, who boin.,') duly swor.n i1c,~ordJ.ng to law, says, that he served the within ComplaJ.nt in Civil Action Law and -tThTiino------ ------.-----. , the defendant, elt 5150 Notioe to upon Renee Spohn o'clock _"y_..M. EST / ~ on the __.___H__.____. day of ___~_~1I11:.~_' 1994 at 508 Bridge ~ee.i.L1i\l'!l'_G.\!m.!?.!l.X.UllliL______________._, Cl.D11oorland County, Pennsylvania, by handing to .._ __ll~.llii..\l._QI)_g!lD__._______.n.___.__ a true and attellted copy of the _~..9.!Jl..R1!!JJ)_LJJl_C!.vi.Ll\.f;_t.i~' to Defend and at the sarm time diroet:ing .._._l)~J:___ attention to the contents thereof and the "Notiee tcl Pl('<,)d" endorsed thO/:non. Sheriff's Costlll Docketing Service At tidav it Surcharge 14.00 9.52 So answers I ~.C) ?"~~..,,, /~ , I 2.00 25.52 Pd. by atty. 1-25-94 H. 'I'IV,l11ilB KUn{!, Sheriff SWorn l111d subscdbed t'.1 ll<)fon! 1m lJy__.....iL~t.tk/j&.,jL:...._ . Deputy SM6riff this .JiAl!:._ day of '"fl.Ll"'''''H.,..--_- 19 'i'( A.D. _._...._..._~~ 'I ') . -:.:::/'1,...... G, --~!..~'J..""'-it!'t' Prothonotary " _ITH ANN TQM~INSON, plaintiU , IN THE COURT or COMMON PLEAS or I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I . NO. 136 CIVIL 1994 . I I JURY TRIAL DF-HANOED v. RENEE SPOHN, Detendant MOTION IN LIMINE AND NOW, comes the detendant, Renee spohn, by her attorney., FOWler, Addams, Shughart' Rundle, and makes the tollowing motion in limine. COUNT I 1. The plaintiff was injured in a motor vehiole aocident which i. the ba.i. for this suit. 2. The plaintiff is subj eot to the "Umi ted tort" option, 3. The plaintiff sustained a fraoture of the pelvi., but ha. apparently made a full and oomplete reoovery. 4. The offioe notes of her attending physioian, Craig W. .rultz, M.D., are attaohed as Exhibit "A". 5. The plaintiff did not sustain a "serious injury" in aocordance with the Motor Vehiole Finanoial Responsibility Aot, 75 fa. C.B.A. 51702, whioh is defined as, "A personal injury re,ulting in death, serious impairment of body function or permanent .erious disfigurement." 6. The plaintiff i8 preol.uded from maintaining an aotion tor noneconomic loss in acoordanoe with S1705(d). WHEREFORE, the defendant requestB.Your Honorable Court to i..ue an order preoluding reoovery for noneoonomic 10... qOUNT II 7, The plaintiff on her bicycla wa. preceding the defendant" van traveling north on Brandt Avenue in New Cumberland. The .ooident ocourred a. the plaintiff .tarted into the ourve to go left on Simp.on Ferry Road a. the defendant continued .tra1qht on Brandt Avenue. e. A oopy ot the .ign po.ted .outh ot the inter.ection i. attached a. Exhibit "B". 9. The plaintiff proposes to oall the oi.tr.iot Traffic Engineer from PennOOT to explain why the inter.eotion wa. .0 po.ted. 10. The engineer will teetify that Brandt Avenue .outh of the inter.eotion and Bimpoon Ferry Road together are de.ignated e .tate highway (B.R. 20U) and that a. .uoh it 11 a "major through highway" and that Brandt Avenue north of the inteuection ie a "looal .econdary road." His attend te.timony is .et forth in detail in the letter from plaintiff" attorney attaohed a. Exhibit "C". 11, Expert t..timony i. not admi..ibl. when the faote ere within the clear understanding of the jury. 12. The i..ue i. not why PennDOT po.ted the inter.eotion or whether B.a. 2018 i. a .tate highway I rather it ie how reaeonable drivere (both bioyole and motor vehiole) would prooeed through the intereeotion ul\der the ciroumetanoe. then exiltinq. '1 _I 13. The te.ti.ony of the en91neer i. not relevant. WHERErORE, the defendant reque.t. Your Honorable CQUrt to i..ue an ordlr precludin9 the tl.ti.ony of the PlnnDOT I'.pn..ntati VI. Re.pectfully lub.itted, fOWLER, ADDAMS/ SHUGHART , RUNDLE aYI 4/~ ...., -'"' , ..:.. 'c::::2 ;.,-; ... '-- aJII A. AddaJII. 28 South pitt stre.t P.O. Box 208 Carli.l./ PA 17013 (717) 249-8300 Attorney. for Defendant ,I ,1 1 " " , I. i" " , , ,I t, " , ", I ;' " , , , , i ,I' TOMlINSON. Beth 636 Market' Strftet New Cumberland. PA 170'10 ((; Q jQ1),p M.IAY 10' ,;}. .1 ';l..J f' e' /.". ,\ ',,' " ,. Octobe~ 22, 1993--FRIDA Y AM Beth is approximately 2 wks, post Injury. She Pl'elllnts usln, crutches for ambulaUon. The patient notes that she is more comfortable. She has some intermittent ,",oin discomfort whan she lets in and out of a chair. Thll patient has no si,nltic$l1t discomfort when she Is ambulatinl and III only toe to\lch WB on the left aide. PE I Her lower extremity is ,roasly n/v intact. Gentle PROM of her hip causes no pain about the pelvic fractures. She haa no si,n1tiClUlt tenderne.. to palpation in her 1P'0in I buttocks, or over the illac win,. Vl,orous stressin, i.s not carried out today. XRI Pelvic X-rays including Jude views were carried out. There is no chan,e in the nondisplaced fracture. involving her Wac wins and pubic ramus fractures includin, the anterior column. ' ' DX I Pelvic fracture Pl,: The patient was advised on continuing her pain medication on a prn basis and her toe touch nmbulation. We will re-evaluate her in 4-5 wks. clinically and radio,raphically. rr there is adequate healing. we can , " consider starting to let her advance her WB in a slow progressive 'fashion. If she still haa pain, we will need to protect her even longer. She was, advised that she will be using ,the crutches 8-12 wks. CWF Imka RTO: 4-5 wks. c. 4j' ( ~/ .l4)" )(.RA'f t.',~ [( - I 9 -13 ~I VI ~ - ~ y November 19. 1993--FRIDAY PM Beth is now 6 wks. post fracture. She has been toe touch WB. She notes that the only time that she has pain is when she is attempting to set in and out of a car. Occasionally. she will get some achiness in her left ,roin. PE I There is no tenderness to her pelvis with palpation about the iliac crest wins about her Ischial tuberosity or about her groin over the pUbic rami. PROM of her hip causes no pain in her groin. She is grossly n/v Intact. XRI X-rays today demonstrate no change in the alignment of the fracture segments. They continue to be in excellent alignment. There is some leu distinction of the fracture sites consistent with some early healing. I do not see alot of bony formation. though. CONTINUED ) } --'~ ' .-' ,TOMLINSON, Beth 638 Market Street New Cumberland, PA 17070 ~(Q)flf November 18. 1883--FILIDAY PM CONTINUED OXI Pelvic fracture PLI I adviled the patient on continwni to toe touch WB for an additional 2 wk.. and then ....dually work hereelf up tll 50' WB on the left Ie, over the la.t 2 wk.. W. wID re-evaluate her clinically In 4 wk.. It .he i. havinlJ no .irniflcant pain at 50' WB statu., we will Il'adually advance her to full WB. She can return to work with the restrictione noted. CWF/mka RTO: 4 wks. 12/14/93 Copy of.offlce notes to Aetna. Authorization In chart./dmr /0 .J. t ",-, t . ~I Oecenlber 17, 1993--FRI0AV PM Beth Is 10 1/2 wks. post fracture to her pelvis. She notes that she has occastonal achiness In her pelvis. She has been partial WB with no pain referable to her pelvis. She continues to use crutches for ambulation. PEl She has no tenderness about her pelvis to palpation In both over the iliac . wing, iSchial araa and pubic ramas area. She has no pain In her groin or about the " pelYit-.with PROM of ./'erJ.en hip. She can stand with equal weight on both legs with no apparent pain i.n n~r pelvis. She Is grossly n/v intact. . .:",(r, .,.. OX: Pelvic fracture PL: Th~ patient was advised that she may advance herself'to full WB. She can return to work with the restrictions noted. We will see her back In'the office In 6 wks. She should be full WB with no crutches and pain-free. X-rays will be obtained at that time. If she reaches these goals, we will allow her to return to work with only lifting restrictions. CWF/mka RTO: 6 wks. 12/27/93 Prepayment card to Anglno & Rovner. PC. $10.00 copy of office notes & billing Authorization In chart./dmr '..'JI'~I':""l-I.'II". '." I ,.1. ,,-"-"' . . 'TOML IHSOH. a,tll 538 M.rk.t Street Haw CUMb.rl.nd. PA 17070 i;~ h~ /.<"'1 :1'\ \v/\ ,~.....' ,JaIlUI\!'V :.&7. 1l)1I4--nlUJ\HOAY )'M ...tb I. a 311 IlllInth" "/p f",lvle rrl\lltul'tl. Hhlll lICIt.. 'M' ,h. I. dCJIn, w.ll. Bhe hill An 1I\1&:...lo"al ac:llbID"" about thB lLdduc:l.Ilr lIIu,Cllu tb.t arl III bar lP"Oln ""lIIn. It 11 blfrClQUlnt .lId mild. Sha dllnt" IIhY pllln About 11... l11nc wlnl! qr lachJlI1 ",ea. Ihe hM b4lun full WII, 1'1. 811ft hu no tllndemNl' W )I.lpntlon Dl'Ollt, her flel"l. IncludlnlJ 'hll pubic rlllll" .nd "r.ht~ Rr..., Thfl'" 1M 1111 p"ln with AP and .,tarat l1OIJlpl'll..lIIn "r her palvl". III,u I'lIn /lt4nd with equal woll,ht on both 11ll,. .. Willi lIlI Ifn.llll 1111 .....nclI wlthllut It'lfnl,lcQllt lluln, Ilhlll III 'J'll/l/llll n/v Intllet, Thllre I. nll pl\lll with PROM or her left hip, "1\1 X'ra)'1I todllY llhow furthar /llIrnll IIf hon)' hcallnlt. 'l'l\e rCllllllnln. .....ct.llr.. are h.rdty vl"lblll Itt I.hll\ point. Thl'lrll I' no nh.llse In l\lllPllllllllt tor th. tracturM troIII "I'lwlou. X.r')'II. DX I l'.,lvlCl r"lWturc--hllalllllC l'LI '1'''e ,..tlont WI'" IIdvllll"t thltt If her I'rll(\tllre I. heallld 'Mu.h. 111111 can ratllrn \;A) full IWtlvity Milt NI/lUlllr work. 'rh. ol1ly thin, .he .hwid not pnrt1clpatfJ In woulrl be oon....at, ll)'lOrtl. Rhe IJlIJl rllt,llm \0 work ol'/ 1/31/Uf, W" will ....lIY.lu.t.II her III 8-11 wk". I' .h., Is doln. W.,U At that time. Wf wW dlllchllr<<e her. CWJ"/lDkll WI'OI 11'11 wb. " , , '" " '1.1, , , .1 , \. 'II J , I' " 111" , , "I 'Ii , , " ,. ,. '.... .' '- .. - ... 'l'OMLlNlION, Jktll .531 MNu. SIIQtI Now Cumberland, PA 17070 M.n. U.l',....WXDNrJlDAV I\M. Both I. 5~ IIIDntllslllp pelvic "KIII.... IIIMl notOI thol Me I. 411111' we,l. "he will aot ocllUlonolllOblna.. III IIIr polvla, II docI not aWN to be rohllcd In uny ~Inc 1lOd,\lllY. ThiI will IplmtuooUlly FCNl,lvo. Sho dllllicI any rlldl~ular ")'mptolM or paln with atandln, and walklllllsclivlllD*. I'BI Thfro II no tClldlrlllllUl to palpation ..bout hor pelvis anteriorly or P1131arlorly. Sho Iw l\ nlptlvll compreallllllelltu AP Ill1d lotllral COIllJllC1l\iIl/l. Thero f. . t'uIlIlOM of hol' blp, Her lower oxtremitl.cl Ill'lI n/v Inlsct. DX: Pelvlo Imotvro PL: nIl patlont 11 bullla dllliharllcd tolUU I.C\lvil)' and roJ<lrletod work, SbG wu ouvilllld on tho llroanoal, and II\lUl)'. Silo InUY Intllrmitte'lIly hava Ichh_ that Mil mllY JlCcd W lIka Mvll on 1& JIrfI huaI.. She only ncods 10 roturn to tho offiee on a pm bII.... CWll/mka Ino: prn 1111S.11 July 20, I".... WrmNMDAV, A.M. XR LT HtEL 2v B4llh ptohnlllQday fur ovaJUIIllon of a now problom. She hat bad hccl JlIIill on dWl loft lid. tnr 111 undetermined llrIIOIIllt of 11m I. Hho I. unllllfC whothlll' it has baen hcro ~Irwo the ICCldClltor JUIl moro monlty when 11I0 Inerooaed hOt walking. Sho denlos IlllY new blunt trauma IlIIIoOIAIOd with the /loot pain" 'Illc heel poin I. oxcruollllnllln the IllOI'nlll8 with tho ar.llICp, JlXAMI 1'ha patient hu tllndcn_ ebolll tho pl.ntar lIIfloct of hor ca'C4llCUI whoro the P'IIlI1r r.sll Ittaobrnlmt Ia. She he. no IClldomllll w mlldlaJllaloral palfl1llon or lb" ~... or .boutlhll AI:NIIOlI tendon rotroca'CIIlCll' bU1'll11nllI. !lha hill aood paulvc ROM or her 11I1I.. 'fIl"" II 1llll4nder1l1lliM III II", SllblMllll' joint. X-raYI today tlf her calOlllIlUl domonllr.le 11lP\lflC&llt colccncallllborollty or plantar 1IpIIl'. 111ft Ie 110 obvloul (Q or bony deatnll1llon. DIAGNOSIS: 1.1.11'1' foot 1I'1lll1" fMOllllI CONTINUED , ", NU~t1A1U ". APmltm I.Aw..r..II:..'" ANUINU &, HOVNIlm. I W, ,..In.,. NOV"." ,t)fUIIIIIW,NI'.II...u UAVIII,.l.IlTI P""'I'.A n, .'IUM"'" 'Ut:n"tm A. IIAUIoINtll ",'m.. (J, m"ON NIl'UN,. ..AIt......A HAWN I. ,.,..NINlJII ".\JII,n'IIrI"'WUQ TillY" UV"'''N "'WU".'. .. KmlllI ')ATU.",N. M "'A.lAnY.....,T.. UAV"''' WIN",".. ""UfI".'.'. NAV'T-.V I.AWII.HI,!. " n".o". .,........" .- P.I)....." ../Un) ~fIIlT'1 rHnN1' H'rHWlIll1' IIAN>>IMJIIJHlj."If.NNA 1'111' 1'11'1111"""1 Al.llilu.t 24, 1U4 W1ll1a. A. Adda.., I.quir. FOWLER, ADDAHS, SHUGHART , RUNDLE P. O. Box 208 28 South P1tt stre.t Carlisl., PA 17013 RII Tomlin.on v. SDoh~ D.ar BUll Pl.... acc.,pt thh l.tt.r as a writt.n ofter ot proot, a. lugge.t by Judge Hotter in hi. Pre-Trial order, dated Augu.t 17, 1lI94. A. .et torth in our Pre-Trial Memorandum it i. our intention to call a repre.entative ot the pennsYlvania Department ot Tran.portation to testity to the sign1nq which exilted at the accid.nt .it. and the .ignificance ot the .igning, a. it pertains to v.hicle. operating on that .eotion ot highway. I contact.d the Di.trict Engineerinq ottice and was advi.ed that Ronald Brown, the Di.trict Traftic Engineer, would be the de.ign.. to t..tity at the trial. In speaking with Mr. Brown! he can contin that the "Lett Turn With Side Road Straight Ahead Siqn" (W1-1LS) i. an otticial Depart.ent of Transportation tratfic control d.vice. lI.I, .ttached siqn diagram. He wUl teltify consi.tent with the description which 1. contain in the Department ot Tran.portAtion regulation. tor the placement and use ot the I1gn. In addition, Mr. Brown will .xpldn that a. tar as the D.part..nt of Tr.n8portation i. conc.rned, the local str.et nam.. are irr.l.vant to the signing and trattic controh which are in.talled. In this ca.e, the Stat.-de.ignat.d highway (SR 2018) i. the .ajor through highway, and Brandt Av.nu. north ot the curve would b. consid.r.d the local .econdary road. SR 2018 was pr.viou.ly d.signated .. Legislative Rout. (LR) 21022, which had be.n adopted-by the P.nnsylvania L.gislature as a state-de.ignat.d highway, es indioated by the two .eotion. ot Purdon statut.. - 36 P.8. 11738-2 and 117S3-2. The S.cretary of Transportation pr.viously is.u.d a legal l.tter d.signating the stat. highway as Elxhibit "e" .... , 81TH ANN TOMtINSON, plaintiff I IN THE COURT or COMMON PtEA8 or I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I I NO. 136 CIVIL 1994 I I I v. RINIlI SPOHN, Defendant JlRAECIPE sirl Plea.e enter our appearance for the defendant. FOWLER, ADDAMS, SHUGHART' RUN OLE BYl /4~~a( , i am A. ame 28 South pitt Street P.O. Box 208 Carlisle, PA 17013 (717) 249-8300 TOI Lawrence E. Wilker, prothonotary DA'X'El February 6It .- _ r ,. ~ 4, 1994 ,':) {., II' , " <;::) " tj I.~ ., " '.~ \ . , ' , ' "Ji I, , , ,)J ., I.,' I ;' II , , " " ,'\ 'I; ; I BETH ANN TOMLINSON, I IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS plaintiff I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I v. I CIVIL ACTION - LAW I RIlNlIl SPOHN, I NO. U6 CIVIL 1994 Deftndant I JURY TRIAL DEMANDED n.III'1'I'.'1 I7DaV III'1'.aaoa.'l'oan. SET I I, I' c ae . o. , I. D. No. 361513 41503 North Front street Harrieburq, PA 17110-1799 (71'7) :238-6791 Coun.el for plaintiff I, Datacll q / ~ II Iq~ . ,I Ii, I , ' 1.\ , " , U le3/DlUt 1. Do you find that the Det.ndant a.n.. Spohn wa. ne9l19.nt1 Y.. NO It you en.aw.r "Y.a", proooed to queation 2. It your anawer ia "No", pl.... notify the olerk or bailiff and yOU will have r.ach.d a verdiot and you will be return.d to the court room. 2. Wa. the ne9ligenc. ot the Detendant, whom you have found to b. ne9li9.nt in qu.ation 1, a aubatandal tactor in cauain9 the injurie. to plaintitt B.th Ann Tomlin.on? Ye. __ No If you anawer "Yea", prooeed to qu.ation 3. It your answer i8 "NO", plane notify the clerk or bailiU, and you will have reach.d a verdict, and you will b. returned to the court room. r' II- II. Talein9 the oombin.d n'9U9.no. that w.. . aubatantial faotor in brin9in9 about the Plaintiff'a harm aa lOOt. what parcanta9a of oauaal ne9li9anoe waa attributable to the Defendant, and what perc.ntag. w.. attributabla to the PlaintUf Bath Ann Tomlinaon? (a) Th. p.rc.ntaqe of cauaal neqUgenoe attributable to Defendant Renee spohn (anawer only if you have anewered both qu..tione 1 and 2 nYe.n). . . . . . . . , . , . (b) Th. percentage of cau.al n.q119ano. attributable to Plaintiff Bath Ann Tomlineon (an.Wer only if you have anewered both queetion. ) and 4 nVe.n) . , , . , . , . . . TOTALl lOOt If you have found that the Plaintiff'. causal neqligence to ba , guater than !Sot, then Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson cannot recover, and you .hould not anewer queetione 6 and 7 and .hould return to the courtroom. t t " " , , " II " i I "' ~ ,~ ... ~~ '+- +-' l!! '+- c: ,~ "" I ~~ +-' '0 0 ....J>! c: c: <1i ~ ~~ ,~ Q) .. ~ ,... "" '+- ,~ ~ .- <IJ :J ~h~ II "- Cl Ii 0'.... Ia..=-~~ I/) ~- . Ll.l'~ ;Z! .... +-' U~< Cl 0 .c; ....J Z Vl ~ "",~ i~i ~ I~ffi z > ,~ '" ~ F:. ,~ I/) .- ~ o ....J ~ 00. t: l-U2HQ . .... "" '" 0> ;e I/) .. ::>~--;;! f- ::c &:~ .0 ~ ~ o f-U 0 W.... U W ...... ~ "- ....J<~r= Vl ~ .- .- <1i<1i ~e\....J- W ",I/) ~-~- >- ~ W ~ r;c; > .", ES U :J Z 10-10:::::> "r- () ..... u:z r'T') a:) '" :LU ,'I "I I It I , " ,I " , I " ',' ,.... ll~ ,~, ,,-. ..." I, '111'1' 1'1 11\ "1., \l ..lit'll"" ') ",t,,"I. ''''~1111nll'1l. 11TH ANN TOMLIN'ON, I IN THI COURT or COMMON PLEAS *,ldntUt I QUMBIRLANDCOUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA , v. , CIVIL ACTION - LAW , '; RENIIl SPOHN, I NO. 136 CIVIL 1ii4 Defenelant I JURY TRIAL DEMANDED '~AII1I..'. JURY IHTI.,OQATOII.. SET II , " " l , , , c e , o. I, 0, No. 36513 4503 North Front street Harriaburq, PA 17110-17ii (717) 238-6791 Coun..l for Plaintiff I , , 'I Dateell q/').{,/Cfi/ " I I I " " I, , I , II I " U1U/DMA 1. Did Plaintiff 'eth Ann Tomlin.on .u.tain a ..riou. injurY1 No Ye. If you an"wer "Yea", proceed on to que.tion ... If you anawer "No" , plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlin.on cannot recover, and you .hould notify the clerk or bailiff and you will be returned to the court room. ... state the amount of damaqe., if any, euetained by Plaintiff 8eth Ann Tomlinson. Ineert a figure for each category .et forth below, It, for e partioular oategory, you do not beliave that the Plaintiff auatained any damage., put the figure "0" in the apaoe. Plaintiff 8eth Ann Tomlinson (e) Pain and suttering - Past and Future . . . . , $ (b) Loa. of Enjoyment of Life . . . . . . . . . $ (c) Inconvenience in carrying out one'. daily aotivitie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (d) pa.t and Future Loet Earning. and Earning capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II . . , . (e) Recoverable Medical Expen.e. . . . . . . . . , . TOTAL . Foreper.on 4 11TH ANN TOMLIN'ON, ,laiJ')t!U I IN THI COURT or COMMON 'LIl. I CUIIIIJU.AND COUNJ'Y, 'INN.YLVANIA I I CIVIL ACTION - LAW I I NO. 136 CIVIL 1ee4 I JURY TRIAL DEMANDED v, RINII &PONN, Def.ndant 'L&!~I"'. J"LY TO DI'IVD~'. ... MATT" AND NOW, plaintitt, I.th Ann Tomlin.on, by and throuvh h.r attorn.y., Anvino , Rovner, P.C., hereby r..pond. to Detendant'. An.w.r and N.w Hatt.r a. tollow., 22. D.ni.d. Thl8 av.rm.nt i. a conclu.ion ot law to which no r..pondv. pl.adinv 18 required. To the extent that a r..pon.. may be d....d prop.r, it i. .p.citically denied that Plaintitt B.th Ann Tomlin.on w.. comparetivelY or contributorily n.gUg.nt in any mann.r upon the cau.. of action .tatad in h.r Complaint. Iy way of turth.r r..pon.., Plaintitt I.th Ann Tomlin.on pl.ad. a. follow., (a) It i. .p.citically deni.d that Plaintitt B.th Ann TomUnlon wa. making a l.ft turn at the time that .he wa. .truck by the Det.ndant. To the contrary, it i. av.rr.d that Plaintiff I.th Ann TomUn.on w.. tollowing the curvatur. ot stat. Rout. 2011, and it wa. the Detendant who wal l.avinv the State d..ignat.d hivhway and turn1n9 onto the local highway d..ivnat.d a. Brandt Avenu., It i. .p.oitioally d.ni.d that Plaintitt B.th Ann Tomlin.on had any Obli9ation to .ignal her int.ntion to trav.l around the ourv. ot SR 2011, It i. .p.oitioally d.ni.d that Plaintitf I.th Ann Tomlin.on wa. makinv e l.ft-hand turn onto Simp.on F.rry Road. To the contrarYi it i. averred that .h. wa. tollowinv tha natura ourvatur. ot tha hiVhway, a. indioat.d by the .ivninv and hivhway d..ivnation axl8tinv at the .o.n.. By way ot furthar an.wer, it i. averr.d that D.fendant Ranaa Spohn wa. makinv a turn otf the Stat. d..ignatad highway onto (b) 401U/DlIJl . " the 10011 hi9hWlY d..ignated a. lundt Aven"e, and it w.. the Defendant who flUed to yield the ri,ht-of-way to Plaintiff 'eth Ann Tomlineon, It i. .peoifioally denied that plaintiff leth Ann Toalinaon wa. required to drive her vehicle to the left .ida of 8ft 2018 at ita inter.ection with Irandt Avenue. A. uq\lired by the Penn.ylvania Motor Vahicle COde, Plaintiff leth Ann Tcmlin.on we. driving her vehicle a. far to the right a. practicable a. .he wa. round in, the curve of sa 2018 and therefore, wa. in the propel' po.ition to proceed around t:he curVe .. ahe had intended. To the contrary, it ia averred it w.. the Defedant'. failure to yield the right-of-way to Plaintiff 'eth Ann Tomlinaon a. ahe wa. properly proceeding around the curve on SR 2018, Denied, It ia apecifically denied that Plaintiff Beth Ann To.Un.on flUed to look for tufric prooeecUn, north on SR 2018, To the contury, it i. averred that Plaintiff Beth Ann TomUnaon w.. properly proceed in, around the curve on SR 2018 in her proper pOlition, and it wa. Defendlnt aenee Spohn who failed to properly oblerve and yield the right-of-way tc Plaintiff Beth Ann Tc.linlon, (e) Denied. It ie Ipacifically denied that Plaintiff Beth Ann Tcmlin.on hid an obligation to ob.erve and avoid the Defendant'l vehicle which wa. approaching from her rear. Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinlon maintain. that Ihe wae prOperl! proceeding around the curve on SR 2011 in the appropr ate pOlition, Ind it wa. Defendlnt Renee Spohn" flilure to obi. I've her and yield the right-of-way which relulted in the collilion. (0) (d) WHIRIFORI, Plaintiff Beth Ahn Tomlinlon relp.ctfully reque.t. thJ.. Honorable Court to dilmi.. Defendant'. An.war and New Matter and enter judgment in her fevor againlt the Defendant. Dated I ~/lIlq1 ~. ae . 01 , Iquire I. D. No. 36512 4503 North Front Street Harri.burg, '1 17110-17" (717) 238-6711 coun.el for plaintiff v,aX,XCATJON I, ..,. ANN 'IOIILZII.OII, ndaUff, have read the fore90inv .LaX.,Z..', ..'LY TO DI.IIDAIT'I II" KA".. and do hereby ewear or afUra that the facte eet forth in the foraCjJoinCjJ are true and correct to tho b..t o~ my knowlod\J., information and beUef. I under.tand that thi. Verification i. .ade .ubject tQ the penalti.. of II Pa. C.B. 54'04, relatinCjJ to un.worn fal.ifiaation to authorltb.. W~I ,-, ~, ! - \. ( \, ' \ ~JJ~ ~'J.i)to.O>>-/'Y~- ,.~. ZII DATID I nl.-(.v~ c,. I '11 L/ , , " , , 1111 I , , , , , , " Ii naO/D.. , I .1 , , .' I !, 'I 1 I I' !' " , ~ ".;,.. ~I:: " :>r.: ., , 'I. , o. .- ;l, I, , ! rrJ , -.:r , " ., .'';'' . ". " - II',I! Jt " , , I, , ., ., , , I' ;, , 1 I I " I' ",11 , " I, II I " " , 'I , 8ETH ANN TOMLINSON, , IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Plaintift , CUMBl:RLANO COUNTY, PENNSYLVANI~ t v. I CIVIL ACTION - LAW I RENEE SPOHN, I NO. 136 CIVIL 1994 Dehndant I JURY TRIAL DEMANDED 'LAINTI"'. 'OINT. 'OR OHARO. AND NOW oomes Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson, by and throuqh her ettorneye, Anqino , Rovner, P.C., and providee the tOllowinq jury instruotions whioh she moves the Court to read to the jury. " " o ae . 0 I, O. No. 36513 4503 North Front Street Harrisburq, PA 17110-17g9 (717) 238-6Hl Counsel tor Plaintiff Dated, qlJ,(;lq~ ,I, , I 13UI/DMII 3. If thl Ividlnol in thi, 01.1 I.tabli.hl. tha Defendant'_ na9li9anoa ha. plaYld a .ubatantial part ~n brin9in9 about Plaintiff Bath Ann Tomlin.on" injuril', then thl Pleintiff ha, proved hlr oa,a a9ainlt the O.fendant. Ra.tatamant of Tort. 2d 5432/ Commlnt b" cited wit~ approvat in Hamil v. Baahl1na, 481 Pa. 256/ 392 A,2d 1280/ 1287 n.6 (197' . , , , 1,,1' , I, , . 11'i' , , ;1 ' ,I ,I ,I' ,I " '" , , !I II. Ladi.. and gentlemen of the jury, it b the general r"PQnaibility of any vehicle opllrator to obey traffic control device. which exist alon9 the highway and which were erected to warn and 9uide operator. that travel on the hi9hway. In thia case, you have heard testimony that traffic control device. include warninq .igne, such as the yellow diamond shaped si9ns inr.talled in advance of curve. or turn., which in this case aignalled a curve to the 18ft with a secondary road qoing .traight ahead, the large yellow arrow on the outside or the curve showing the direction of flow of traffic on the main highway, and the pavement markin9., whioh included thl! double yellow center line which showsd the main flow of traffic on the highway. The PennsYlvania Motor Vehiclo Code provide EO that unle.e direoted otherwi.e by a uniform police offer or any appropriately attired person authorized to direot, control, and regulate traffic, thll driver of any vehiole shall obey the instruction. cf any applicable, oUioial traffio oontrol devices placed or held in accordance with the provi.ions of this title. Thu., in thia ca.e, you mu.t determine whether Derendant Renee Spohn complied with the traffic control device. which were erected and in place on the day of the accidont in traveling on the highway. 711 Pa.c.S.A. 53111/ 75 Pa.c.S,A. 56121 , 16122. 10. Onl who il oplratinq a motor vehicle upon thl hiqhwayil under a duty to be oontinuoully alert, to peroeive any warninq of danqer that ie re8lonably likely to e)lilt, and to have their vehiole under luoh oontrol that injury to perlon or property oan be averted. W~l.on Fr,~aht Forwardinq Co. Ino. v. S8al, 367 Pa. 18, 71 A.2d 64. (11151) , '. il II l , , , , '/' " , I " . , " , , , . " , , , , I I , . ,II 'Ii 'I " , I' 13. Ladie. and !Jentlemen, .. you have heard in thh oa.., the state deai9nation or route number and the local .treet name a on thi. ourve and int.nection diHer and the local .treet nallloa oo~reapond with what il legally conlid.red to be the throu9h or main hi9hway I and what il oQne1dered to be the leoondary or inter.eotin9 road. In this cau, althouqh Brandt Avenue appean to oontinue in a Itraiqht Une and continu811 north beyond the ourve on the Stah dea1qnated highway I the state dea1gnated highway (Sa 2018) 18 conl1dered to be the through hi\lhway. You have heard t..timony about the traftlc control devicel, which inolude the adviaory curve .ign, and the pavement markingl which exiated on the highway. The Pennsylvania Legislature and the Pennaylvania Department of Transportation have the authority to desiqnate through highwaYI, and this desiqnation takes precedence over any looal street name. of highways which are the responsibility ot the looal governmental unit which, in th18 ca.e, il New cumberland Borou\lh. There 18 allo no dispute that Brandt Avenue south of the curve and simp.on Ferry Road north or welt of the ourve were the state de.ignated route, and thi. wal the route establiehed by the Penn.ylvania Le9i.l.ture and penn.ylvania Department ot Transportation a. the throu9h h19hway. Brandt Avenue north ot the ourVe wa. con8idered the 8econdary, looal hi9hway under the juri.diotion ot New cumberland Borou9h. 36 P.8, 51738-2 and 17~3-2. ,,' . , ., " II, ' 'I' ,,'I " I", ' , " . , . , II " " I, " . I , " " I'i r', " ,.., I' , , , ill " Ii I ' ,,, I I ,~ 14. The traffio oontrol devices whioh existed at this ourve wen oomposed ot both pavament markin'll whioh. you know a. the yellow oenterline and signinq whioh had been plaoed by the pennsylvania o.partment at Transportation. These trattiu oontrol , devio.. were intended to warn end quide vehiole operators to a..ilt them in understanding their duties and responsibilities a. they prooeeded on the hiqhway. The provisions of the Pennsylvania Motor Vehiole Code require that any vehiole operator shall obey the instruotions of any applioable, oHicial tratfio oontrol devices which were in place on the hiqhway. In this oase, as I have already indioated to you, the traffio control devices whioh Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlinson maintains existed for the section of highway were both the yellow oenterline pevement markings which indioated that the ourve in the hiqhway was the main through hiqhway and the left turn with side road straiqht ahead sign, which existed in advanoe of the intersection, 88 well as the advisory speed of 25 mile. per hour which was marked directly below the turn sign. Based upon the.e pavement markings and signing., Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomliuon maintains that state Route 2018, whioh oontinued around the curve, was olearly marked as the main through hiqhway, and that vehioles entering trom or exitinq onto the north branch of Brandt Avenue, which wae oonsidered to be the .econdary/ local " I 16. L~dl'l and Ilentlemen of the jury, ln the commonw.alth of p.nnlylvania, bicyole d(j.re are I1lven the ume r1llhtl and are lubj.ct to the lame dutl'l of any other v.hiol. op.rator trlv.llnq on the hlllhway, with the exoeption of eeveral epeoial provieion. of the Motor Vehiole Code, which are applioable lolely to blcyollltl or pedicyclel, al they are termed under the Vehlcle Cod.. AI I previou81y Itated, the Motor Vehicle Code provide. that ev.ry p.rlon ridin9 a bicyole upon a roadway ehall be 9ranted III of the rivhte and Ihall be subjeot to all of the dutiel applicabl. to the driver of a vehicle, except which I will cover with you now. ,. , " I " , , " 7~ Pa.C.S.A. S3~Ol(a). '\ I " I, " " , , , ' I, ' '.!'.I , ' , ' .., ,Ii I Ijl , " .11 ' , ' , , I 'i , I: ;1' I, I ' I. Ii , , I!, .1 17. The penn.ylvania Motor Vehicle Code provide. that a penon riding a bicycle on a roadway ehall ride III near to the ri9ht .1de of the roadway a. practicable. Thu., although a bicycle rider i. allowed to uee the highway, they are not permitted to ride down the center of a lane when thero i8 room and it 1. .afe for them to ride to the right-hand portion of the traveled lane. The t.rm "roadway" ae und in thie seotion is ooneidered to be the paved portion of the highway where motor vehiclee travel, and a bicycle rider is not obligated to ride on the shoulder or the sidewalk, even if they exist. Thus, you muet determine whether Plaintiff 8eth Ann Tomlinson was properly proceeding and Will complying with the provision of the Motor Vehicle Code which required her to ride her bicyole as near to the right .ide of the roadway .. practicable based upon the testimony whioh you have heard. Reep in mind, the state-designated highway in thi. ca.., which Plaintiff 8eth Ann Tomlinson testified that she had intended to proceed on, actually curved, and she W88 not obliqated to travel off the state-de.ignated highway in order to go around the curve in the hiqhway. 75 Pa.c.S.A, 53505/ 67 Pa. Co~. 5211.412, . 18, Ladi.. and qenUemen of the jury, Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlineoat further maintainl that certain lectionl of the Penn.ylvania Motor Vehlcle Code apply to the conduct and drivin9 of Defendant Renae Spohn. Plaintiff Bath Ann Tomlinaon maintainl that the Defendant, in travellnq from the State~desiqnated hi9hway onto the northern portion or Brandt Avenue/ would actually be conlid.red to be .n exit trom the main hlqhway to travel onto the local, lecondary hiqhway. Althouqh there would actually be no physical turnin9 movement necesaary, since Brandt Avenue wa. actually a .trai9ht continuation north ot the ourve/ proviaions ot the Motor Vehicle Code ooncerninq turning movements would still be applicable. The Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Code provide. that upon a roadway, no pereon ahall turn a vehicle or mo~e trom one traftic lane to another until the movement can be made with realonable aatety and without 'llvinq an appropriate siqnal in the manner provided in thil section. ThUS, in addition to technically bein9 required to .iqnal her intentions to leave the main travel lane to the .econdary road, Detendant Renee Spohn also had a reapon.ibility to make certain that the movement in travelinq oft the main hi9hway could be made with rea.onable satety. 75 Pa.c.S.A. 53334. 111, Plaintiff Beth Ann Tomlin.on furthu maintain. that .nother proviaion of the penn.ylvania Motor Vehicle Code i. applicable to the tact. of this oase. The Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Code provide. that the driver ot a vehicle overtakinq another vehicle prooeedinq in the ume dinotion ahall paa. to the lett of the other vehicle at a eate dietano. and ehall atay to the lett of the other vehicle until .lItely clear ot the overtakinq vehicle. Plaintitt Seth Ann Tomlinson maintains that whether the Defendant intended to prooeed around the curve on the State- de.iClnated hiqhway or to qo straiqht on Brandt Avenue beyond the ourve, her movement would have resulted in her paa.inq or ovartakinq Plaintift Beth Ann Tomlinson ridinq her bicycle. Aa .uoh, Plaintiff Beth Ann Toml.inson maintains that thia pallinq mOVement was required to be undertaken in a sate manner and in .uch a way that the Detendant was required to proceed around her at a lite dietance and to remain away trom her until ahe had safely pa..ed her bicycle. Plaintitt Beth Ann Tomlinson maintain. that Oetendant Renee Spohn violated thi. proviaion of the Motor Vehicle Code. 7a Pa.C.B.A. 53303, , , , . 23. Under Pennlylvania law, the Plaintiff may recover non- economio 10.. dama9" (pain and sutterinCJ) in th1l c..e if the Plaintiff can Ihow by the qreftter weiqht of the evidenoel (1) Defendant was neCJliqent in one or more ways .. I desoribed to you in my instruotions, (2) Oetendllnt'B ne."l1."ence was a substantial faotor in bringinq about injury to the Plaintiff, (3) Plaintiff's injury resulted in non-eoonomic damage., and (4) Plaintitt suttered serious injury or impairmel\t of a body funotion. To deoide this last and additional element of proof, you mu.t deci4e, ba.ed upon the evidence I (1) Whether the injurios Bustained by Plaintiff in the accident injured or impaired one or more body funotions, and (2) Whether that injury or impairment of a body function was serious. In determinin9 whether the injury or impdrment of a body function wa. .erious, you should conBider .uch factore a. the extent of the impairment, the particular body function impaired, the lenqth of time the impairment lasted, the treatment required to correct the impairment, and any other relevant factor.. An impairment need not be permanent to be .erioul. I I I . I . " . :115. Ttle word "oompenlltion" i. a keynote a. it relate. to damage. becau.e "compen.ation" h the true purpo.e of th. law of dama9a. and the general principle in whioh the law award. damage. h oompen.aticm for the 10.. .uffered. An injured penon .hould be tully compen.ated for all injuries .uetained. Incolllnqo v. Ewing, 444 Pa, :199/ :18:1 A.:ld :106 (1971). , , . . . . . /, . , ,'. . a7. You .hould inolud. in any award for Pl.intiff lath Ann Tomlin.on ree.onable oomp.n.ation for pain and .uff.rin9 which you Und that .he ha. under90ne and in the future may underllo a. a r..ult of the injurie. .u.tained in thi. aocident. In .valuatin9 the amount to be awarded for pain and .utterin9, you .hould oona1d'r that the infliction of pain mean. t.akin9 from a per.on that whioh i. her own to po..... and retain -- namely health and well-b.ing -- and that the law allow. for compen.ation of thi. 10.. to the ext.nt that the lo.e may be calculat.d in monetary damag... In arriving at any award tcr pain and .uttering which Plaintiff I.th Ann Tomlinlon hae undergone, you ehould coneid.r not only the phYlical pain and ,uff.ring which the Plaintiff hae und.rgone, but al.o the extent to which her injuries have reuulted 1n a 10.. or l....ning ot the ability to enjoy life and life'. pleasure. and the ability to engag. in variou. other aotivitiel which .he enjoyed prior to the accident. , I i' Diehiacohio v. Rqokoraft Stone Product I co., 424 Pa. 77, 85, aaD A.ad U3 (11167) I ~~~ if. =a1, 400 fa. 14, 26, 161 A,2d 367 (1960) I Carlllinati . ~1 Tranlportation co., 405 Pa. 1500, 176 A.2d 440 (1962). I . , . . ." . . . . . 21, f..r tor one'. tutun, emotional and phy.i9al weU-bein9, finanoial well-beinw, and that ot one'. family and loved one. i. another element ot pain and .utterinljJ, Thil 11 true ot the emotional reaction in the p..t, .. well a. worry, apprehenaion or ooncern tor the future. ~.l.h v. Brody, 220 P.. Super, 293, 286 A,2d 666 (1971), " ." " , \1 " \I ., :.1 , I " " , , i"I'1 , , , , " , , " \ , , " , , , " " II " ", , , , " . " 1 Ii , 41, . .. , "" .. .. . . " :Ill, The broad term "pain and .uffldn..,," include. a wid. ranv, ot not only phy.ical, but allo mental and emotional reaotion. to the injurie. and their conlequence.. In calculatin.." damav.. tor pain and .utterin..", you mu.t plaoe a value on tha tollowingl (a) mental pain and di.tre../ (b) tear/ (0) Ihock/ (d) emotional auttering/ (e) anxiety/ (t) tru.tration, (g) degradation/ (h) 10.. ot the teeling ot well-be1n9/ (i) limit.tion of acUviU../ and (j) impairment or deltruction ot the previous .atl.taotory mlntal Itate. Niederman v. Brod.ky, 436 Pa. 401, :161 A~ad 84 (11170). , , I"~ , , "I' , , , ' I' , " ,I' 1 ,I ", \ , 'II Ii, " ~ , I 1,1 " I ," "" - ;2 ~::: UJ _1 -l >- ~~ ~ 0.. =- .. 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