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6. Defendant has occupied the premises since March 10, 198.5, pursuant 10 an oral
lease with the Plaintiff. There is no written lease agreement.
7. Plaintiff has previously filed an action for possession of said premises docketed
10 number 3814 Civil 1993 in Cumberland County whereby the Court determined that the
Defendant occupied the premises on a year to year lease, thus entitling the Defendant 10 three
(3) months notice to vacate the premises. A copy of said Decision is attached herelO and marked
as Exhibit B.
8. On or about January 19, 1994, a Notice to Vacate said premises was given 10 the
Defendant requiring her to vacate the premises on or before April 30, 1994. Said Notice was
served upon the Defendant by personai service on January 19, 1994. A copy of said Notice and
Affidavit of Service are attached hereto and marked as Exhibit C.
9. Defendant has failed or otherwise refused to vacate the premises on or before
April 30, 1994.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests that this Court enter Judgment in favor of the Plaintiff
and against the Defendant for possession of the premises known as 10 West Locust Street,
Mechanicsburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.
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COUNT II
DnmollfSlRent
10. Paragraph 1 through 9 above are incorporated by reference herein.
11. On or about December 16, 1993, Plaintiffadvisei!, Defendant that Defendant wu
required to pay the fair market rental value of said premises in the amount of$400.00 per month
beginning January 1, 1994.
12. Thereafter, pursuant to the Notice to Vacate dated January 19, 1994, a copy of
which is attached hereto and marked as Exhibit C, Plaintiff notilied Defendant that effective,
May 1, 1994, the rental payment for the occupancy of said premises would be $800.00 per
month.
13. The Defendant has not paid any rent for the months of January, February, March
and April 1994, which represents past due rental payments of $1,600.00 and has not paid the
sum of $800.00 per month for May, June and July, for a total of $2,400.00 and said rental
payment shall continue to accrue until Defendant vacates said premises.
14. Plaintiff claims damages for rent in the amount of $1,600.00 and damaaes for
Defendants unlawful possession after May I, 1994, up to and including the time of trial, at the
rate of $800.00 per month.
3
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands Judgment against the Defendant in the amount of
$4,000.00, plus any rent accruing from August of 1994 through time of trial, plus interest and
costs of suit.
Respectfully Submitted,
CONNELLY, REID & SPADE
Date:
7/,)(/7 'f
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4
yJlRI.ICa'l'IOB
I, Lawrenoe J. Neary, Esquire, attorney for the Plaintiff,
Christopher P. Dwyer, hereby aoknowledqe that I have read and
prepared the toreqoinq Complaint and that the statements made
therein are true and oorreot. I have personal knowledqe of those
matters by representinq the Plaintiff in a previous aotion aqainst
the Defendant and after attendinq a hearinq in this matter before
the Distriot Justice and by virtu~ of the fact that the Notice to
Vacate was prepared and served by this office. Said Verification
is made on behalf of the Plaintiff in that we were unable to .ecure
the Verification of the Plaintiff who re.ide. in Easton,
Pennsylvania within the time limit. required for the filinq of the
Complaint. I understand that false statements made herein are I114de
.ubject to the penalties of 18 Pa.C.S. section 4904 relatin9 to
unsworn falsification to authoriti~s.
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IN-1ES H. 1lF.ISEY an~ I<iITIlIE!l'l r, ImlSEY. hh wife, ot ,.."-'on.
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AU.. l1lt\T CERTAIN hOWl oncJ lot of gro\Zld situate t"Ll the North side ot Wise I.Dr:ust
Strl.t. in thl Fiut Ward of the BorouW1 of ~ll!chttniC8burg, CUlllf!rlllTld Co'.I1ty. PIIU1.
lylvaN', bot..J1d1d and described as folIOw'I:
BEGIttHNG at the northern curb liM of \Je5t Loc\lst Str~'1t \<A,ere it is int''1raectecJ
by the fOstem line .Jfa pubHc atley; th(>Il'~c II10ng th" north"m curb UI~ of PlolcJ
Wilt l.ocuse Stnet, Nortll il t.lcgrces 00 trUnlltc!s 00 :5econdf. fA!'!t, IH('/llTlteen ancJ fifty
hll'1dzedtha (17, ~O) fut, Ircro or tillS, to 1\ point on F:1id ~\Jrb line ...,here it is lnttr~
ItctQd by the celHer line of ena Plutition '..'/111, extended, of the t"\oJO nnd a'le-half
(2 112) nary double CTtIIll) dweLling IVJu'Ie, IoAll!.'!l 15 erected on thu prernili.8 h.retn
conveyed and on the Land 1.nTrItdillteJ.y ndjl1cent on the l::.'\St, nO''' of c.~orge B, P.4ffieLcJ
and Miry K, Ratf1eld. his wHo, thence a.l(ln~ the center Hne of 50id p.trtit1on waLL
IIld the Une at George B, Raftield Ilnd Hn)' k, H.1ffiold, hill wife, in. northerly
dir.ction, and ot right nngles to the north(,!m curb line or Welit lccu,'t Str.et, arore"
o8.~d. .Lxty..tour o.nd zero hLl)dracJtM (6/dX') fect. nnra or ten", to the LLne of llU1d
na.l or tOrmJ:rLy of John E. Ctloo; thrmf:a alr)fig the lino of land rVJW or formerly ot
John It. Cline. SclJth 7l degreos 00 minutl!! 00 l'IeconcL"i We!'lt I SQ''JfnleC11 and fifty hlJ'l.
drtdtha (11.50) teoe, more or L..s, to th~ eastarn lino of the pubL1c aLl.y, afore.
laid, ttwnce dong the e.1lt.nl LinI of the puhl1c alley, Souch 19 degr.e. 00 mLnutlS
00 I'conda &sst. o1.xty~rour and zero htr.dnJcM (64,00) feet, nDn or 1'11I, to a
point on tho northern curb line ot WI" l.ocuot Street, lltor...ld. tho pac. ot &clNNUKJ,
aoo!1) 31 ,It! 308
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Exhibit 8
NO. 3814 CIVlL 1~"3
instant lXlmplalnl.
Defendant hns preliminurily \lbjected to plaintiffs complaint on the grounds thai pluintiff
provided defendant Insuflident nOlice to quit. Bnsed upon our revkw uf the record, we agree
with defendant thai plaintiff did not provide adequate nOlice to quil as required by the Landlord
and Tenant Act (68 P.S. 250.101 et seq). Acmrdingly. ddendanl's preliminary objection is
granted and plainliffs complailll is dismissed.
D1SCUSS[ON
Section SOl of the landlord and Tenant Act sels forth Ihe nOlice requiremenls which a
lar.dlord must follow prior to commencing eviction proceedings against a tenant:
A landlord desirous of repossessing real property
from a tenant may notify, in writing, the tenant to
remove from the same at the expiration of the time
specified in the notice under the following
circumstances, namely, (I) Upon the termin;;tion of
a term of the lenant, (2) or upon forfeiture of the
lease for breach of its conditions, (3) or upon the
failure of ;he tenant, upon demand, to satisfy any
rent reserved and due.
[n case of the expiration of a term or of a forfeiture
for breach of the conditions of Ihe lease where the
lease is for any term of less than one year or for an
indeterminate time, the nOlicc shall specify that the
tenant shall remove within thirty days frcm the date
of service thereof, and when the lease is for one
year or more, Ihen within three months from the
dale of service thereof. In case of failure of the
lenant, upon demand, to satisfy any rent reserved
and due, the notice, if given on or after April tlTSt
and before September tlrst, shall specify that the
lenant shall remove wilhin fifteen days from the
date of the service Ihereof. and if given on or after
September tlTSt and before April tlTSt. then within
thirty days from the date of the service thereof.
68 P.S. 250.5010
2
NO. 3814 CIVIL 1993
Plainliff contends that thc Ieasc arrangcmcnt! belWcen Ihe parties Is such that only thirty
days' notice to quit is re'luired under section SOl prior to commencing an eviction action.
Defendant, however, mainlaill:l Ihat the parties' lease is for onc year or more, requiring three
months' notice to quit under the statute. Unfortunately, the parties failed 10 memorialize their
lease agreement in writing. Consequenlly, 10 determine the force and effect of their oral
agreement we must consult the slatute of frauds provision of Ihe Landlord and Tenant Act which
provides as follows;
Leases for morc than thrcc ycars
Real propcrly, induding any personal property
thereon, may be leased for a term of more than
three years by a landlord to a tenant or by their
respective agenlS lawfully authorized in wriling.
Any such lease must be in wriling and signed by Ihe
parties making or creating Ihe same, otherwise it
shall have the force and effect of a lease at will only
and shall not be given any greater force or effect
either in law or equity, nOlWilhstanding any
consideralion therefor, unless the lenancy has
continued for more than one year and the landlord
and tenanl have recognized ilS rightful existence by
claiming and admiuing liability for the rent, in
which case thc tenancy shall become one from ycar
to year.
68 P. S. 250.202.
In essence, the stalute provides thai an oral lease for a term of more than three years is
unenforceable in coun and that such a lease will he cOllverted 10 a tenam:y at will by operation
of law. However, the statute provides that, rather than a tenanL'Y-at-will, Ihe lease term shall
I A lease agreement "may he in wriling or parol and the reservation of rent is not
essential 10 the creation of a landlord and tenanl relation." Lasher v. RedeveloDment Auth. of
Alluhenv County. 211 Pa,Super. 408,412,236 A.2d 831, 833 (1967).
J
NO. 3814 CIVIL 1993
become u yeur to year tenun~)' if two ~llnultions arc met. First, the ten'll1~)' must have ~onlinue:d
for more thun llne yeur. Second. the landlord and tenant must have recognlzeu Ihe righlful
exislence: of the oral lease by claiming anu admitting liahility for rent.
In uetennining whether the above conditions have been met and whether the: leuse: should
be Ireated us being a year to year lease, we ~onsiu~r Ihe purpose unuerlying the stalute of frauds
provi~ion of the: Lanulmd and Tenant A~t. The primary purplls~ of the slatute of frauds is to
pre:ve:nlthe possibility of fraud hy pe'lple claiming real estate interests under oral contru~ts.
Friedman. Pennsylvania Lanuloru-Tenant Law anu Practice Se~tion 1.9 (198B), In clrder to
prevent sueh frauu. the statute provides thaI, in mdcr for an oral lease to have force beyond a
tenancy at will, there must be two manifcsl inuida of a legitimate lease; namely, a lenanc)' in
excess of one year as well as the payment of rent.
In the present case:, we conclude thaI the above requircmenls have been mel and that the
oral agreement be:tween the parlies shall opemle as a year-to.year tenanc)' based upon the statute
of frauds. The lirsl requiremenl has been mel in that Ihe lease has conlinucd for more than one
year. In facI, ueienuant has occupied the property for over eight year.;,
Whelher the second requirement (the payment of rent) has been fultilled. is more
diftieult to ascertain given this upusual factual s"'-'narill. Both rarties agr.:" that dctendant [laiu
plainliff no rent in the traditional sense of making periodic monelary payments. In her brief in
supporl of her preliminary objection, dcfendalll conte nus thai she paid fenl in the form of
forbearing from seeking child support paymenls from plaintiff. Although Ihis eonlenrion does
nOI olherwise appear in the record. it is clear from the face of plaintiffs complainl. where he
stales thai he alloweu defendant anu the parries' minor children to occupy the residence "in lieu
of child support paymenls." (Plaintiffs ~omplaint. paragraph Ii) This ~oncession by plaintiff, as
~
NO. 3814 CIVIL 1993
wellll$ the facl that defcndant "ccupied the kllscd premises fm a perlnd In excess of eighl years,
leads us to thc conclusion that the parties have acknowledged the rightful exislenc~ of a lease
between themselves for the purp"ses "f the stalule nffroluds. That slatute dictates t/lat the oral
lease between the parties be treated as being a year-to.ycar lease,
Having conduded Ihat the Icase In queslion j:l a year.to.year lease, section 501 of the
l.andlord and Tcnant Act requires thai plaintiff providc thrce months' n"tice to quit prior to
commencing an evicti,," aClion against defcnd;lnt. Since plaintiff has failed to provide defendant
the requlsile thrce m,,"ths' notice to 'luil. the district justice did not have jurisdiction t" hear this
mailer. See Fullon Terrace l.td, Partnership v, Riley, 4 D, & C. 41h 149 (Fulton 19!19). See also
Umbakanl Dash and Kalvani Dash v, Glovanna Haines. 2830 Civil 1993, Consequently, because
our jurisdiction is derivative of that of the district justice, we too arc deprived of jurisdiction. See
iih Therefore, plaintiffs complainl must be dismissed.
ORDER
AND NOW, Ihis
I {" .
day of March, 1994. the preliminary objection of the
defendanl to the complaint of the plaintiff Is SUSTAINED and the plaintiffs complaint
DISMISSED.
BY THE COURT,
11..l...4/L
Kevi . A. Hess, J.
Lawrence Neary, Esquire
For the Plaintiff
Lisa M. Coyne. Esquire
For the Defendant
5
CHRISTOPHER P, DWYER,
Plaintiff
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
va.
NO 3814 CIVIL 1'.193
SHARON DWYER,
Defendant
CIVIL ACfl0N . LAW
IN RE: PRELIMINARY gliJECnON OF THE DEFENDANT
BEFORE SHEELY, 1.. BAYLEY. J, AND HESS. J.
QIill F:R
AND NOW, this
/I. .
Jay of March, 19'.14. Ihc preliminary objection of the
def~ndant to the complaint of the plaintiff is SUSTAINED and the plaintiffs complaint
DISMISSED.
BY THE COURT,
j Lawrence Neary, Esquire
For the Plainliff
,4/~'
Lisa M. Coyne, Esquire
For thc DcfcnJanl
:rlm
In r=~nCOPY FROM RECORD
and the r Whereof, I /lore unto sel my hand
l'-j 1~'Jt i~l!-:~""" PI.
/ A ~f:C . -Jl. 'Jt,!~
Prothonotary ~
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exhibit C
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awarded possession. The Defendant appealed WId the matter is now before the Court. The
Defendant has not entered appropriate security and there is no supersedeas in place to the Order
of Possession.
The parties dispute the term of any oral lease in regarding the length of time within
which the Defendant was permitted to remain on the property, but in any event, the term would
have been longer than three (3) years. The Defendant has not tiled any support action since the
initiation of this proceeding.
II. FACTS AS TO DAMAGES:
Plaintiff provided notice to the Defendant that effective January I, 1994, the rental
payment would be $400.00 per month. Plaintiff also advised Defendant that effective May I,
1994, the rental amount would become $800.00 per month. The unpaid rent claimed through
October of 1994 is as follows:
January. April (3 months)
TOTAL
$1,200.00
$5,600.00
$6,800.00
plus interest on past
due rental installments
at the legal rate of interest
May. November (7 months)
2
\
CIIRISTOPln:R DWVl-:R, COURT OF COMMON PLEASE OF
Plaint iC f CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA
v, No. 94-3569
SIIARON IlWYER EJECTMENT/IlAMAGES
Defendant
REQUEST TO AMEND DEFENDANT'S ANSWER OF AUGUST II , 1994
1. On July 20, 1994, Christopher Dwyer filed Complaint for
Ejectment/Damages with this Court.
2. On August II, 1994, I filed, Pro Se, nn Answer.
3. On September 2~. 1994, I learned that I hud not been sent
the entire Complnlnt by the plnintiff's lawyer. I received
a cover page: Notice to Defend and Claim Rights, Pnges 2, 3
and 4, and n Verification. J thought that the "Notice" was
page I.
4. On September 27, I went to the courthouse, and asked to
see the file and iearned then that there was a Page I that I
never saw.
5, I asked the clerk's office to make me 0 copy of that page.
I om enclosing 0 xeroX of that "True Copy From Record."
6. Because I did not receive the entire Complaint from the
Plaintiff, I understand that I have not been "properly served,"
7. I therefore request that the Complaint be dismissed.
8. However, since I obtained
I now have all the documents.
the cuse, I request the Court
of August 11, 1994.
a copy on September 27, 1994,
In the alternative to dismissing
to let me amend my earlier Answer
9. This is the second Complaint that the Plaintiff has filed
against me. The first was in 1993 and was dismissed by this
Court. At that time, I wns represented by n lawyer. However,
I can no longer nfford a lawyer. k nm sending a copy of this
to Plaintiff's lawyer. Lawrence J.INeary at PO Box 963,
lIarrisburg, PA I7IfL
Respectfully Submitted,
Date :(.Q \', l ~ \c\~
.
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Sharon C. Dwyer, Defendnnt
10 West Locust Street
Mechanicsburg, PA 170';5
'/~~( It ~( dt^<, Act
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VS.
IN THE COURT OF COM
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
94.3.569 CIVIL TERM
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CHRISTOPHER P. DWYER,
Plaintiff
SHARON C. DWYER,
Defendant
EJF.CTMENT/DAMAGES
ORDER
AND NOW, this
10'
day (If November, 1994, nonjury trial in thc above captioned
mattcr is set for Monday, December 19, 1994, at 9:30 a.m. in Courtroom Number 4, Cumberland
County Courthouse, Carlisle. PA.
BY THE COURT,
Lawrencc Neary. Esquire
For the Plaintiff
~ flo>Ln...4A. II
Sharon C. Dwyer. Pro Se
10 West Locust Streel
Mechanlcsburg. PA 170.5.5
Court AdministratOl'
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heCtllllc n ycnr 10 ycnr tenllnL)' if lwo conditions IIll' mel. l'ilSI. the IcnrlllL'Y nlust hllve conlillued
fur more thlln one year. Second, lhc landlord IInd Icnllnl lIIusl hllve recl}gnlzed the righlful
existence of the ofallense hy daiming and ndmilling lillhilily for rcnl.
In llelerlllining whethcr lhe ahove conllilions havc I",cn nwt and whelher Ihe lease should
he trented liS heing II year to Yl'ar lease. we cOllsider Ihe purp<lS'~ underlying the slatl/te of frnulls
provision of Ihe Landlurllllnd T,'nanl ^cl. The prima.y PUIPI}Se of the stnlule of frnl/ds is tel
prevenl Ihe possihility of frllud hy pcople daiming real eslalc int':,csls under oral contracls,
Friedlllnu, Pcnnsylvanill Lalllllord-Tcnanl I.nw and Prlletke Seclion 1.9 (1988). In order 10
prevent such fraud, Ihe stalute provides lhal, in order for nn urllllease to hnvl' force beyond 0
tenonl'Y nt will, there ml/sl be Iwo manifest indicin of n legitilllnlc lense; nnmely, n lennnL'Y in
excess of one year as well ns the payment of renl,
In the present ense, we condude Ihal the nhove requircmenls have been met nnd thot the
oralngreement belween Ihe parties shall operale ns a year-to-yenr tenanL'Y bnsed l/pon the stOlute
of frauds. The I1rsl requirement has been lIIet in thnt the Iense has eonlinued for more than one
year, In fnet, defcndant has o<'eupicd the property for over eight years.
Whethcr the second requiremenl (the payment of rent) has heen fulfillcd, is more
diflieulllo aseerlain givcn this '_u'u,,,,"1 factual sCl'IHlrio. n"th mrlics agr"c t!wt dcfellllanl raid
plaintiff no rent in the traditionnl scnse of making pcriodie 1II0l1ct,uy paYlllent.s. In her brief in
support of her prcliminnry ohjcction. dcfenllanl cOlllenlls that ,he paill relit in the form of
forhearing from seeking chilll suppon payments from plaintiff. ^lthough this contention lloes
not olherwise appenr in the recorll, il is denr from the fnce of plnintiffs eomplnint, where he
statcs that he allowed llcCenllant and the pnnies' minor children to occupy the resillence "in lieu
of child supporl pnyments." (Plainliffs complainl. paragrnph 6) This corll'cs,sion hy plainliff, ns
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CHRISTOPltER OWYER.
Plaintiff
v.
COURr OF CUMMUN PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PA
No. 94-3669
SHARON DWYER.
Defendant
EJECTMENT/DAMAGES
AMENDED ANSWER
A. REQUEST TO AMEND DEFENDAIH'S ANSWER OF AUGUST 11, 1994
I, On October 13, 1994, 1 fi led a Request to have this case dismissed
because I was not properly served.
2. In the alternative, 1 requested that 1 be permitted to amend my Answer of
AU9ust II, 1994 because I did not have the entire Complalnt at the tlme I flIed
my Answer.
B. REQUEST TO DISMISS THE COMPLAINT FOR INSUFFICIENT NO~
1. In another Complaint flIed wlth this Court by Plaintiff agalnst
Defendant, No., 3614 Civil 1993, thls Court ruled, in an Opinion and Order writ-
ten by Judge Hess on March 16, 1994, that Plaintiff must provide Defendant with
three months' notice to quit. (Page 5).
2. Again, the Plalntiff has failed to provide the Plaintiff with three
months' notlce to quit and so this Complaint should also be dlsmlssed.
3. Plaintiff did give Defendant on January 19, 1994 a Notice to Vacate on
Aprl1 30, 1994. But the first case had not been decided by this Court at that
time. What lf he had sent the Notice on December 1, 1993 to vacate ln 9U days,
or by March 1, 1994. I should not have been expected to leave before thls Court
had even heard or declded the first case, which lt dismissed.
If the Plaintiff
believes that he has a valid right to the premises, shouldn't he have to give me
90 Days Notice after this Court decided the earlier suit?
, .
C. TEI{MS OF THE LEASE
1. Thl! Defendant agrees with the facts stated in the Complaint numbered U _
'6.
2. The Defendant denies thl! far.ts In 0, that the Plaintiff is entitled to
get possess I on of the property jus t by gl vi n9 three months not I ce to vacate to
Defendant. Tho three-judge Court decided that
la) there was a "lease agreement..lwhlch was)..oral," Line 5, page 3.
Ib) the lease is for 'year-to-year'
Ic) no rent was paid In lieu of chi ld support payments.
The Court said that "the parties have acknowledged the rightful existence of a
lease...Oetween themselves."
3. The oral agreement that is the basis for the lease is in dispute.
4. Plaintiff denies there was any flra1 agreement although he admits that no
rent was paid in 1 ieu of chi Id support payments. In fact, we really don't know
what the Plaintiff claims. He has changed his mind on whether there even was a
lease. In his first Complaint, he stated that "there was no written or oral
agreement establ ishing a specific term" (Page 3, N8, 12.16.931. But in the July
20, 1994 Complaint, he says "pursuant to an oral lease with the Plaintiff." Page
2, N6. He Should be put under oath before this Court.
5. lJefendant wi 11 swear under oath to the Court that there was an oral
agreement and that the Plaintiff agreed that the children and I would stay in
the house until Erin graduated from college rent free in lieu of child support
payments, She is currently in her sophmore year. Her brother has graduated
from co 11 ege and has returned to the house 1 n Meehan I csburg.
6. The year-to-year lease Is thus automatically renewed as long as Erin is
in college. Defendant cannot give lJefendant Notice to Vacate until she has gra-
duated or left college according to our oral agreement.
2
I. Defendant denies that the Notice to Vacate in Nt! of tho Complaint is a
valid Notice for the reasons given in Sectton B above.
B. Defendant dentes that 1 should vacate the premtses (N9 of the
Complaint) because my oral agreement with the Plaintiff allows me and the
children to remain until May, 1991 when Erin graduates from college, or sooner
sdould she drop out of college.
9. I request this Court to have a hearing on this and decide who they think
is telling the truth about the oral agreement and about the terms of our
agreement.
D. NO RENT IS OWNED
-- - -----
1. Defendant denies that any damages or rent is owned as claimed in Count II
for Damages/Rent for the reasons given above.
2, Plaintiff claims he Is owed rent of $400 beginning January 1, 1994. But
this Court decided on March 16, 1994 that there was a lease between the parties.
No rent can be charged under the terms of this lease because rent has been
defacto paid in lieu of child support payments and because of the terms of our
lease agreement.
3. The lease was automatically renewed in March, 1994 because Erin is still
in college. Therefore, no rent is owed. Plaintiff and t~ejr children lawfUlly
possess the house until Erin graduates from college or leaves college.
F. FAIR MARKET VALUE OF RENr
---- - '-
1, Even if this Court should decide against the Defendant on the terms of
the lease and order her and the children to leave the house after 90 days
correct Notice and order her to pay rent, $t!OO is more than double the fair
market rental value of the house.
J
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2. On December 16, 1993, Plaintiff stated that the fair market value of the
property was $400.00 per month.
3. Hut on January 19, 1994, Plaintiff asked for $800.00 per month in rent.
(I claim that this Notice to Vacate is not valid because it was given prior to
the ded s j on of th is Court on March 16, 1994.)
4. I do not agree that even $400 is fair market rental value.
5. But it is unfair and probably illegal to double the rent to harass and
frighten me.
6. If this Court should decide against me on the terms of our agreement,
i.e. the terms of the lease, any rent should not be owned until after this Court
,
so decides and after a proper Notice to Vacate is given Defendant.
7. Also, if this Court should decide against me, rent should be reasonable
and probably not more than $350.00 per month.
B. I request this Court to deny Plaintiff's demand for Judgment for the
unconsdenable sum of $4,000, plus rent from August, 1994 to now, based on more
than double the fair market value of the house,
G. SETTLEr1ENl'
1. I believe that [ am right and that the Court wil agree with me. I believe
that my family and [ will De allowed by this Court to stay in the house until
Erin graduates from college (or sooner if she drops out of college).
2. But I know that I am a reasonable person and reasonable people are
expected to try to settle lawsuits. I want to Court to know that I have made a
reasonable offer through Defendant's lawyer to settle this with the Plaintiff.
4
. .
v.
COURT OF COMMO~ PLEAS OF
COM~ERLAND COUNTY, PA
No. 94-3569
CHRISTOPHER DWYER,
Plaintiff
SHARON DWYER,
Defendant
EJECTMENT/DAMAGES
The Defendant's Motion, filed with the Court on October 13, 1994 with
an Amended Answer to the Complaint, to dismiss the complaint because
the Not.ice to Vacate served on January 19, 1994 was improper and not timely
because a previously Complaint fi led in 1993 was not decided by this Court until
March 16, 1994 is 9ranted. The Judgement for the Plaintiff ILT-OOOOI46-94 filed
5/10/94) which the Defendant appealed on June 3D, 1994 is set aside.
JUdge, Court of Common Pleas
Date
Sent to:
Plaintiff's Lawyer:
Lawrence J. Neary
P.O. Box 963
Harrisburg, PA 17108
Defendant, Pro Se:
Sharon Dwyer
10 West Locu$t Street
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
v.
COUR T OF COMMUll III EAS UF
CUM~ERlAND COUNry, PA
No. 94-3569
CHRISTOPHER DWYER,
P 1a I nt If f
SHMON DWYER,
Def endan t
EJECrMENT/DAMAGES
ORDER
The Defendant's MotIon, filed with the Court on October 1,3, 1994 with
an Amended Answer to the Complaint, to hold a hearing to decide the terms of
the oral lease agreement between the Plaintiff and the Defendant Is hereby
granted,
fhe Judgement for the Plaintiff (If-0000146-94 filed 5/10/94) which the
Defendant appealed on .June 30, 1994 Is set aside.
Judge, Court of Common Pl~ds
Date'
Sent to:
Plaintiff's lawyer:
Lawrence J. Neary
P.O. ~ox 963
Harrisburg, PA 17108
Defendant, Pro Se:
Sharon Dwyer
\0 West locust Street
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Pre crials -,vi 11 be he ld or. 10/26/94
(Briefs are due 5 days be:ore pre-
tria ls . )
(the party liscing this case for trial
shall prcvicie forthwith a copy 0: the
praecipe to ~ll co~r.sel. ?~rsuant to
local Rule 211.-1.)
(~Iust ~ t:, ;:fwntten Jnd ,ubmitteu in Jupli'::HIl'
TI) THE ?ROTHO:-'OT,>.RY GF C,\iBERL.....'D CCI;'TY
?!~l~~ ,:st ~,~.~ :.;il~"..'r.l ;~se:
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CAPTION OF CASE
'.tnllr, ~~pncn :nUll ~t lt~l,d in full)
(~ht~~ ~nt,1
( .~ll'Jmplt
i:~IF~:S
( Trtsp~S$ I_~totcr \' thl~~t)
(xx '
. )
EJECTMENT/DAMAGES
(0 thcr)
CHRISTOPHER P. DWY~R
(P!~U1t:ii"
:1.
The crial :ist will !:Ie cali.ed on
10/18/94 and
Trials commence on
11/14/94
SHARON 'C. DWYER
(D.i,ndane)
VI.
:\0, 94-3569
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LAWRENCE J NEARY, ESQUIRE
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DEFENDANT - PRO SE
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PLAINTIn"
C_WIA"" or ,...."LVIlNIA
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NOTICI O' APPIAL
fROM
lUDICIAL DllfllCf
DISTIICT JUSTlCI JUDGMINT
C_MON.UAIN.. 94-35"9 Civil Term
NOTICI OF APPIAL
Nolkl I. g1_ that the appellant he" filed In the oboVQ Court of Common Plea, on appeal from the judgment r.ndered by the Di,trlct Ju.tle. on the
cia.. and In Iho COIO montionod bolo..
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ThJ& block wi! be Iignod ONt.Y when !hI. noloHan I. required undQr Po. R.CP.JP. No. If appellant was CLAIMANT (s~ Pa, R.C1>.J.P, No.
1008& ,
ThI. Notico of Appeal. when received by the Di.trlct Ju.tice. will op""'''' o. 0 1001(6) m act/on before Dlslllct Justice, he MUST
SUPERSEDEAS to the judgment to. po.....lan in thi. co... FILE .A COMPLAINT within twenty (20) days after
-------SignntUro 01 PrOThOiioiiify-(Ji-oepuTy-~--------- filing his NOTICE of APPEAL.
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PRAECIPE TO ENTER RULE TO FILECOMPLAINTAND RULE TO FILE
(T/J/s section {)/ form to be used ONLY when appellant was DEFENDANT (see Pa, R.C'p,J.P, No, 1001(7) in action belore Disllict Justice.
IF NOT USED, detach Iforo copy 01 notice 01 appeel to be seNod upon appellee),
'RAICIPII To Prothonotary _ ,,_ _
En'" rule upon _ C'" \'L, ;\z) (_\\I.l..>-... ')\::)\'J~!::' '\ '2..f _ -
Name of aw!/lfm( s)
(Common PIeo. No. 94 - 3 569 C i V i 1 T~rm ) within twenty (20) day. of.., ,",vier of rule CJ( .uf,... ontry of judgmont of non pros.
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Sif11aruro of ~t Of hIS attorney Of agent
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RUllI To
C \, \\)..S\OxiQ~~-V \.')1. ,~,pD .0ppellee('I.
Nw'ne IJoo(s} ~
(1) You ore no~fiod that 0 rule i. hereby entered upon )-ou to lile 0 complaint in this oppeol within twenty 120) cloy. after the dolo of
IOrvlel of thO. rule upon you by personal .orvk. CJ( by corHfied CJ( regi.tered moil
(2) H you do not file 0 complaint within this Hmo. 0 JUDGMENT OF NON PROS Will BE ENTERED AGAINST YOU.
(3) Tho dote of ...vIce of thO. rule if ...vice woo by moil I. the do... of mailing.
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PROOF OF SERVICE OF NOTICE OF APPEAL AND RULE TO FILE COMPLAINT
(Thl' pfOOI 01 s.",ce MUST BE FILED WI TlIIN TEN 1101 OA YS AFTER ','my III. rlotice 01 oppo.I, Check applicable bo,e,)
COMMONWEALTH 0' PENNSYLVANIA
COUNTY 0' -C:u-O.l t-,,, ~['. ~I:: '\-__
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AFFIDAVIT: I hereby swear Of affirm Ihall sefved
Chi ,:.I': CL'
~ a copy of the NOt:). 01 Appeal, Common Plea' No__.l:i~"L ~, upon the DlSlrlct Jusllce deslgnaled lhereln on '
'''al. 01 '.,v'ce) ~~l.... , L..___, 19.~L4-. lJ b'fue,sunlll '~r~, HI bL~d) (reg..t~d) mall. sende,'1
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recelp~ attached herel,Q, ;l)~Oon the appellee, (fJilftlQ). L"\.....~l~~~_ ~~ _ , on'
<:4-,li. l \ , 19 C by personal service l)a bYl<:.e.!..ill!2.d) Ireglslered) mall, sendef's recelptattachad hefelo,
Wand lurlher lhall servad lhe Rule /0 F.le n Compl,,,nl nccompllny'ng 111. above Nollca 01 Appeal upon the eppellel(l) to whom'
the Rul. was addressed an ("t' Q" \ _____'__.__., 19,'li.lIl\ by personal service_by I~Wj.d) (raglstered)
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AFFIDAVIT: I hlreby awear or affirm that I 'erved' I'~
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SWOAN (AFFIRMED) AND SUBH BEFOAE ME
THIS /~ DAY OF' ,19M
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COMllallWIMIH OII_IYLVlUllA
COllI' 011 C_ 'LIAI
NOTICE O' APPEAL
fllOM
_CtAL DlIlIICY
DISTRICT JUSTICE JUDGMENT
COMMOH'LlAIN.. 94-3569 Civil Term
NOTICE O' APPEAL
Nolb I, g1_ that tho appellant h,,, filed in tho above Cau,t of Cammon Pl.a. on app.ol f,o", ,h. judgment ,.nder.d by tho Dl.trict JustIce on ....
..... and In tho c_ ",",.Iioo lid below
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ThIs bIod< wi' be signed ONLY wilen thi. nolohon i. r.qui,.d und.r Po. R.CP.JP, No. /I appellant was CLAIMANT Is-' Pa, R.C7>.JP, No.
~~Iice of Appeal, when ,.,colllOd by the Di.trict Ju.ti,.. will operate o. 0 1001(6) in action belore District Justice, he MUST
5UPERSEDeAS to the judgment for po....sion in this co... FILE A COMPLAINT wllllin twenty (20) days after
filing his NOTICE 01 APPEAL.
------5 JI1uture QfPiO-'honoTa;y-;;'''bfiiiUiy'
PRAECIPE TO ENTElfiuLE TOFILiE'COMPI.AiNT AND-RULI TO .ILE
(ThIs section 01 101m to be used ONLY when appellanl WJS DEFENDANT (see Pa R.GP,J.P, No, (00117) in actIon before District Justice,
IF NOT USED, detach trom copy 0/ notice at appeal to be served lIpon appellee),
'RAECIPE, To Prothonotary _ ~
Enler ruIo upon C. "" Q, ~ \0 ~ ~.,_\..LD~~L~ -\2 ____, oppell..('I, to Iii. 0 complaint In thI. oppeaI
Mmo 01 ilWf'IIt!l.>( ,.,) \
(Common Pleos Na 94 - 3 569 C i viI Te rm ,) within twenty (20) day. ofler service of rule '" ,uf'" entry of iuctw-t 01 non ~
c~ \\.<:u..Uv ,~~ ~,-';; hutromoy a_
c '" fu. ~\o~~Y\:)ll ,~.. appell..(.).
IItme _10<1/,)
RULEI To
(1) You orl noHIled that a rul. i. ho<eby enlentd upon you to file 0 ,omploint in this appeal within twenty (201 day. o/Ier tho dolo 01
..vice 01 thI. rule upon you by personal .ervic. '" by certified '" regi.tered moiL
(2) If you do not file 0 eomploint w~hin this Hmo. 0 JUDGMENT Of NON PROS WILL BE ENTERED AGAINST YOU.
(3) Tho dot. 01 ....vic. 01 this rule il servic. wa. by moil I. tho dot. of moiling.
DaIo~"'-"-30 .19~
K1IC .112...
COUAT FILE TO BE FILED WITH PROTHONOTARY
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Loan No. 001-91657
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----.~--_..---'.--- I'"'' AlItu It"lll.., 'W .tU'.~" O,ul ___________.
MORTGAGE
1111' Mllll'OlolJll, t"~l'IlII") '1I~1"llIh'III"II'IlIHlIlltl MQa:~h" '''',
19. 8~ 111&'IIIHII'lllIlIli' Christopher Pa L>wyar '.. " , .. I' .,..
"., ... " l"II""",,\'f") Ihi,!ljr~u"l~ 111\''''''''''1110'1'1'11111 "t.l. .C.pl ""
a.vlngst a,Olwl.lo,1 D! lilll ""ancl,l, S.A, .Vohi\hhI4'~llill'JIIIIII"."IIIl'
1I11J~'lh~'III"'lIr I'lnlllylynlll. .. " " dlllll\loh"'rlllhh~,,'\, tal.", ""Ih .
Second 11r,,1. """Iburg, P'nnl~lvanl. t7101 , , . _ ..' 1"1 ,'mlu".
1I11111l"~lllIu..It:tlll\" II1rf1IlIl~'lr"I.um .', 'l'Jlir,t.y.. t.hOl.l14I1d. LivQ hundred .4nd, 0,0/100-- ,,,
....,... -," ..,"!'.... ..,..... -~,'" '1'-........ U, ,Inl\ It! ~ , 30, ~OO . 00 ) I hl"I.IIII. r~hll'lll'nJ hI. UIIII,I...,,', Ill".
,fijlnJ lIlt 'l;UIlC .11I1r 11\ 1111\ ~nu,i''1III\I'Ul11rlll ("NUlfl"I, ",hlth rlil~IJfl~ f." llllllllhl'l p".n'rll'_, ""Ilh I "'ull Jthl. 1111'14
r4iJfll"Ii~'r,Jll\'1It1t;,'n'll1hl"'lln April 1 :lOl!), ',., fhl\!k:';U'Il,III\'rllll"'ll'
Inu',,\ hi 1.1'11<11": 'II) Ih\' "'1'11'1111\'111 'I' It,\, J\'hl ". 'J...IIH:" h'llhr NIlI". ""illt '"I\''''~', DIIlI ulI "'II"",,,ul., Ulell\II"'\ t1I11J
IIIlkhn~'IIII.',,\; lh)lhr rll~"'\'llIlIr ,II "Ihn 0111"0, ..ill, 1111""'\1, 1I,h~lIl'elJ uu,"'r 1"";"r",11I 7 1II,'IIII"llh.. ,,"u,ll, IIf' llil\
5<<uII')' 1t""IUII\'''I~ .uJ 1\'1111... !'C"'UIttl.llh" II' 1I"I'm....r'~ ,',I'rtlijllh U',<1 II"HIII,'III\ UII,,,,,, Ilu\ ~~u'Il'l h'~I'Ull'''''1l IIml
:=I~~I~,~ r:,I.',~.lhl~,:~~~,~I.~~~~~f:~~h~J*~9~r,lln~tJ.~~w.~r~ F~\,r.)','n l_rlU~r,', 1,II,r,r~'II.'.',~~.II~u~~~'II'~I~lf;;:I;:,~
M,L TIIAT CFnTAIN hou~o nnd lot of 9round 111 tUGto on t.he nort.h 11de of Walt.
Locu.t Street In the First Wllrd of th, Dorouqh of Hoch.nlclburq, County of
Cumborland And State 0' ronnsylvania, bounded and dt"lIcrlbad .1 follow"
"
DEGINNING Bt. the northorn curb 11no of West !.OCUlt ~t.reet where it 1. Inter..
uct.ed by tho ct.. torn 11110 of lit publlc 1I11oy, thon>:o 0.1009 the northern curb
lino of ..'lid Wost Locust Strnot, Jlorth 71 dO'lreel enllt, 17.$ het, more or
le.., to a point on laid curb line where it i. intorsectod by the centor
Une Qf t.he p.ntitlon wall, oxtond('d, of the two nnd ano"half story double
,Irama d,...lI1nq h....u.e, which 11 oreeted 011 tho prumh.. hQr.ln convorod and
on t.he land Immodlahly ndjacont. on tho onst, now ot Goor90 D. Aaff e1d .nd
Mary K. n"Ul.1d, hll wif., thence alollq the centor line of .ald partitlon
wall and the Unu at Goor']_ D. naUlolu .nd Mnry K. natl!1ald, hI. wlf.,
In II northeuy direction. enri at right angles t.o tho nott.hern curb 11n. of
Welt LoCUlt Str."t:., atorulllltid, 64 het, more or 1..., to the Unlit of hnd
now or formerly ot John E. CUn., th.nce alonq tho line of land now or
former ly of John E. Cllne, louth 71 de'lree. we.t, 17. $ f.et, more or 1...,
to tho .,a.tern Ilne of t.he public alloy, ftforesald, thene. a1009 the ...tern
Une of tho public alloy, south 19 degrees .net, G4 feet, more or 1..., to
· polnt on the northorn curb lino of We~t Locullt Stroot, .for...id, the
place of BEGINNING.
IlAVING thereon ereetl!d tho w~5t(lrn Ono~h,llf of Q tWQ and on."half .tory
double trame dwelllnq hou.e, known and nurnhfl'rerJ a. 10 Wast Locult Streit,
Hechllnlceburq, Penllsyl vania.
...h1chhulhrl,IlI/f\'lJr,
CONTINUEu
1.oR~.!,~ St.not.,. MQQhllnlc.bur.9, ~t.,~j"J70aS,
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10 '-lIUt
l'.nlll'll~llnlll
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TIKj', rill M Willi III ,h. hllr,"~rmrtll\ IIIIW lit h,rur", ""I"aJ .It! Iii.. rrort"ly, Ind .11 .."m,n", Ila"".
Irrllllrnllncn, rrll', ''''111lllu, miner.l. oil Ind 111\ 'ilhl' IlId rlOnl\, w.'n flllhl' ...., "ud; Ind III hlurn nnw 0'
h.rull" a rllrlllflhr p,oJlrrl'J ^It ul'lllcrlnrlll\ and a.Mill"", .hllll.l\o be clI\<'tld b'llhl\ Srcuru'J Inllfurn.n,. All of,h,
roulolnlll r.I'H.d 10 In Ihi. 5fCu,II'J In",ulII.It'ltlh. "r'''rrll'l.''
DOlllto.."1t CmFNANn Ihlll IImrowrr I, Ilwrull'J ,cl\ld of lhe .\1111' h.tlh'J cO/l~''Jrd Ind h.. Ih, ,llhl 'n
mOil 11111', I'anl and cl.Ill~r'J III, 1"nrrrl'lIl,"J Ihal Ihl J"Oprll'J II ullrnCUlllbtre,l, unr' 10' 'lIcumhr,ocft 01 "cnld.
Dorrow,' WlfUnl\ 11111 will d,Irl111 11'11",,11'1 Ih, lillr 10 lh, P/llr.Il'l 'Ialn~l III cI.lm. Ind d.mlnd., luhJ<<' I" .n)'
,nculllb,.ncnorrrcord,
TillS ~'Cl;"IT'I' Z,.UIltUMINr rnmtlllln unllulm 1"~ln'I1I' lor 1I.lIl1l1.1 U\, .nJ ""n-unlrorm co~.nlnl\ with
Ilmllld\<.rlallon.b'lJu'I~'cl'onIOCnnlljlul,.unj(otllll&'CU'II'IInll,um,nlco\<,rlnlrlllrrol'llr,'1.
PINNSYLVANIA_s,/III, "...,I,-'N......"HL...C UHI'O"'" IH"'UMIH'
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I, 1'I..mUIIl' 11,llIrl,11 ,n; InlrlUIII'rrpltmul III" 1.11, {'h.,.... 111111'11'" _h.1I r,mnrll, pill ...I'~II dut
Ihr r/llld'llll "I urllJllIll.',nl U/I ,hrl"hll,,'.llh'lIu.1 h)IIIlI Nlllr UIIIIUII..I.....I'Il)/Ilt:IIIIlI'd IlllrtluuJtl\l,h,l. ulI"",III... NIIII
l, 1'lIlIlh IlIrl Itl'\ '"" 11I\II!llIft, 'illhJI'l.II'1 UPl'lj~llhlr Ill. III h'OI luUhll "1I'~rr h.l.clId...,. Ik,".,\IoI,," \IUIII rill
III hlllll'l 11"111... II,,~ lII11l1lhlll>.l)IIIUlh IIlr t,,,.'lllI,h',lIlr NIlII, 1111111,11... Null: h 1,.lill ill 'ull, Il \1111I 1"1 IIl11h"l (1111111111
1l1l~'I...'U.h '"~ 1111.".111) 1,'1,\ '11111"'\""1110111' "llId, 11M, IIHUIII 1,1111111) .I\H IluI S'-":Utll) 11I\IIu"" ;, lhl 'I.'ntl)
lu,,!lII!.I 1"111...'111\ III ~1"ulIll huh Uti Ih... 1'1"1"'11), II 1111), 1,1 )".111)' 1I,I'lIhl '""lIllnt" "H'lIIium\, 1111I.11.11 )i'MI)
11I11I1"111' U11UI.UlH I'h'UII""I\. I' PII) 11i~',,, Ihlll\ 11111 ~lllkll "~~'Il'" 'h'IlI\," l ~'lIoJ~'I 11I11) 11\111111I1<< Ih" "umh dur "11 Ih"
h,'\I\lIr\lItll'UIII,.I,. ,11111 '\,I\lIu,IM~'~"hllhllr\I,1 '"IUI'1 fo'W1ll1t llfo'tII\
III~' I ulllh ,h,11I I.... 111'1,1 ill "lIllI\tllulllUllh~' ,lqll"lh III P~'~lIl1l1l\ III Ithl\h "'II hl\Uh',", H' ,UU'''"I''~''lI h~ ~ rnJr,ulll,
'1"1,, 111/"1\) ,...~ 111,1111" I "JIll," .11 fo'lI'II'I h \11,11 1111 11I'111""h'lIl I rlld~,t \h..III1II"I. Ih" l"ulI,",\ III f"lI) Ihr "",,"11''10 111111I'.
I."nl,', 1II11~ 11,,1"11.111'\1 rill Ih,I,III1' IlIul "1'1,1)111" Ihll rUlIlI\, glllll)/II'lllw IIHIIUrrl m \tllr)h., Ih\' '''''11'10 11\'11I" UIII\'\\
I ,'n.l, I 1';1)\ 1111'111"" IlIh',,'I'''IIIII' 1111111- 111Il1 '11'1,h,..IIIIII.... III.'IUUI\ I ,'m.l.., hllllllkt 'lJdlll ..hllll(, 1111I/11"", 1111'"
I rUlI... 11I.1) "lIln' III II '"m.. II.", IlIh.<'\1 ,h.IIII... 1,,",11111 Itl\' IUrI," UIII~',\ 1111 IltH'rUl""1 1\ "''''''11 ur 1l111,1I"lIhl~' I,......
1\"11111<'\ IIIh",'1 'U I." 1',lul. I 'IIII~, ,11,11111""'" h'II"lIu.lI" \"') """"",, ,III) 11I1\"h'\' II' \"<111111I" UIIIII\" I uml\ I.,'.....I\"'
,h..1I ~1'"II,II""II""I, "1111,1111 ,IIMjll'. 1IJIIlIltrU'IIIl~~'lIlJl'IIIIIlIlIIII., 1111111\ \11..,,11111' I\'dll\ 1111'" "'"bll' II,III( 1'llIlll\ ;llId "I"
rll'I~I.....I", .. hkli ~'''I It Ildll' h'It.\' I ulId, ".1' m,lllll 1 h,,' uml, I,h' 1,1..llrd.I\ llthhll"UIII 'nuIII) III' Ih~' ~""11\ -..:t;lII~,1 h,
111I'\t'\UII'.II""IIII1.."1
"ll", .ullllurrl "rlllll I 11111" II. r.I h) I "Il,I~',. "'Il,'11I1I1 \Ioilh Ihr ',"uI~ 11111111111) ",1)11111111, IIr rum" I''')I''''\' 1""" III
111\' 11111' ,I,II~" 1.111", ",,'1,,-. ""III'. ,111,11.._11" ,I tlllllllllllllll' ""lnlll,.1 1111"11 III'" 11'\101" 111'11I\ ..h~lt dllll, II", I/lH'\\ ,h..III..'.
.1111..."",,'\ "1'111'", nllr"'I'IIlUlI'II) 1I1'.I,J 10111"""""",, ,"'1111.,1 hi I"UUI"" "lIlIII'lIlhl, f'll.IIII1I1I\ 1,'1 UIIJ. 1'11111
1""""1111'/ ,It.' 1111101. 111'''1 t,. "11111', h 111'1 '11111,11111 h, r,') Ilrll \".'1"" 11.'11I\ "h~lllllIlI. 11"""'1011' .hllll rll) I" I\'ml~, 1111,
111I","11 111""",1/' II'III.I~" lIi'l II" IMi, I~ll~') 11I11I1111" "11" \' 1"') 11I\'111' 11\ '~IIUjl,'d h) 1_\,11I11'"
ltl"H'I','~III"II' IJIllItt ,,1 ull 'IIIU\ \,,'1111'11 h) 11.1\ S.,,'UIII, 1I1'"UIIIIII1I. I.lIlhl." ,h,dl,"lIllIrll, ,~rIlIllJ hIU..,II>lH'
1111) IlJlIi"ll~t.1 h) 1111I1" Ifllllll\', 1',JlJI(I"I'" 1'1110..: 1'11'1".'" 1\ ",IdII' 11\111111\'11 h, I \'IIJ",.I,r'IIJ\I,.I'III1I1I'I,l), 111,1"'11'
IIrIlI'llIullnll,r'd) 1'"'" h,II... '1I1~' ur Ih~' l'l"t..". I'r ih 1I1111l1'lIlUlI h. 1.\'11I11I'.1111' l"ulIIl, hI/I'" h)" t"III.1111 11111111 lime lIt
PI'I,h~-.IIII'1I II' '1"h',llllIjt.lil,,'lh"'"I1..WIIII.',lh) Ihl.. '1I\lIli') 11I'lllum'lIl,
J. ^"I.lIullll" "' I'll) "'rI\h, Ulll...., "I'I,h"l)h": 1.1" p,m,,'"', 11111\11 "'''t/, 1I1I'>iI)III\"III\ rrnlH"lI h. I ~lIt.1rr 11I111"
I',II"V"'I,II' I .11I111.1101111..' ,11'1,111,1 lil". 1111011" .lrolJ~'" 1'"11 III!>'" Ih.. Nol.:: ''''''UII. 1111"\'1111)11I':'11 ~hllt.~" Ilu( 11I111." Ihr
Nllk~ "m.I.I" ,ull""1I1\ 1\;1) ,Ihll' '"llklll.ll.I~I,II'h 1. '''"'Ih, 1111111\111'1 'II..', ,11I,1 t,,,,. 1111"111\11,"11.11111,
". C hMlln: 1.1""', 11"""111'1 ,h.IIII"') ;111 111'''\. .1"\\,III.ul', dl,lItr.", II"." ,IIItI illll"NIIII'1\ wHrrhllll,l>I~' h' Ih\'
1''''1'''1) ..I,ll h Itl,.~ llll.1I11 1"111'11) 11'-" .Iu, '\1"\11111)" 111'11111111'11'. Illul tr.l,dlllhl 1"I~U1"lIh "' """11I.1 '~'III\. I( 1I11~.
111111""\1' ,hlllll',I. Ih~',( ..1111):111"0' III ,hr 111.11111," 1""10'111.-,.1 illl...,.,~,ul,h " '"11 1I,,11'"UI illlh..llllulIllrr. 1I11Ih'"~' ~hilll
rill 11r"IIII1I1I1UlI'llih'.II~ 1"111\'1",."'"".....11...)11..:.11, lIulnJ"", ,1i1l1l1"1l1lt1'11) rUIIII\hw llflldll'III1'M,IIH'Il(UIIIlIUIII,
,"I." 1'.lillullllllllhl\ l'illil~I,ll'h 1I11",tllllfo" 111-11...:\ Ih"'III'II)IIII1I1I'IIi'nll), Ihll ,,," '" ,hillll,rullll'll, rUIIII't. III l..:IlI.1t/,
'~Hil"'\llllkl""'Il'hl'I',')Ill"III'
11,,/111111', \h,IIII''''IllI'II~ t11,dl,lI~t/ un, 110m I~hldl 1111\ I'lilllil)' U\CI Ihi, SHUlil~ In'lfumwl ulIl"" IImru~~t, Ill)
u,'n' "' "UIIIl~ IIllh., r.I)III\'1I1 ,,(thr 111.1111.1111111 '\10.:111\,.1 "VII,,' 11':11 ii, II 1IIIIIIIII'r H\'H'l'lllhl( In l....lIIl~,; Ihl ~"lIln" hi ,,"11I
1111111 'hllll.'" II). "' ,11','11.1\ ,1):.1111'1 ~J1(IIIHIIl':1I1 .11 ,h... U"..III, IqIJII'lIlI.'rr,hllll\ ... hidl ill Iii" l,tl1l.1.:", "lll'lillll "llI.,,;.I... III
rh"~II'll1~' .'lIt,lln'IIII'I,1 1"111,' h.'n lOr r"lr,'iluh'''( ;11I)" IloIlllI( 11r~ l'n'I'.:II)': II' (d ,.',UlII' frl1111lh... 11IIh.l,', llr Ihr 11...111111
"''''~lIh'lll \.I11\r;II't'IIV hi I 111,1.., ,nl"'IIIIII,1111I1I ,h( 11\'11 IlIlhi\ ~""lIli') 111_1'1111,.'111 If 1.\'1111\', ,",~lo.:'''IIII\l' 111;11 :11I) 1'llIlllf
llr~ 1""1"'11) j\ 'lIl'I"" hl;1 11,'11 \\llIdllll,l) ,III,.ill rlllllil)" 'I....:r IlIi, !\I'"III) 111_11'"11':111. 1,':1111\:, IIlH~ 1I11( 11"11,,'10,,, n
lIulll\' illllllllr)llljlll,., 1t..1I 11""11"':1 ,h,dl \.'II\r) Ih" Ii~'n III lill.~ un\' IIr 1111"( II( II.." 1I.lillll. \\11 runh lIhi"t/ "II hill 10 dll)"_
urlh"jthlllll-"rill'"""
~, J1"'lIull"'UrIIllfr, 11"1111I1<" \h,11I h"'lllhllllllrll'H'III~IJI' II".... "li'"111t II' 1r\l1':llrh.r 11,..:\111'" nUlh( 1""1'1111)"
ill'lI'~lt "jt"ill,1 11", I,) IJr.'. 1I1'/..ul, 1I1.lullnl ~lIllllllh\,11I11ll .'II'I.'lllk,1 ~'UI\lI.,):~." nlllJ nil. uth\'r hll,ur"', (IIr "hl.:h I \'lIlllIf
h'l\lIll1'\ III'UI,III.II I hh 11I"1I,1II0.:\' ~1r'11l hr 1IIIIIullliulld III 11111 1I1llll!lllh 1111I1 (II' lhr ""tlIIJ_ 1111I1 It/lnl~, '\lljuhf.:', 1 h.
hl'III:I'''-'' ',II Ii." I",,,..lilllllh.' ill'IIIi1I1H .h,llIl.... 10'1""\'11 hVII"I1I11I\'t '..hJ\I..1 h,l.~lld~,', III'r'UIIIII \II11I\'h ,11lI1I1I1I1 bot
1111"',1"'11.1"') \lllldhlll
^1I111'1I1.1I1.'" I~'lrllr' 1.1Il1 '..11\,1\111\ ,h,dl h.: n....~III,jhl,. 11I1~lnl.:, IIml ,h,,1Ilu..1I1I1.1II ~hIlIlIIIHllIlII'I,.IIl": dllll''',
I ~'uk, ,1i.11I h;!l,,: II.., Iljtltllll h"hlllll'I,,,Ii~'i\', nllll 1\'11':""'111\ 1I1,\'lIlk, h'lllIi,..\. 1I1111111t.-(r ,hllll rfl1l11rll)".h" tul,l/lldH
uti h,.'ril'I' ,,( 1\;11I1"10111I1111I' ,lIhl h'n':"lIll!>"i"t\, IlIlhlll~I\'II'"1 I..", 1I"""l\lIf ,111I11 ,i\r IIWlllrlll"lkllllllh~ Irl\UID'I\II
~.I/li.'1 ,n..11 ,'.ht." I ru,I"I 111,1 ~ III,I~ l'I"'~lr III!.,,, ir 1111' 11I;,,1..: "'''11I1'11)' h)lllllf 11I\\11'
'Ink\\ I \'U,II'I ,1111111",,,,..\'rnlll\,...i'\I"II"'': in ..11111111. iu,ulllII""IIII"'\I"lh,hllll htllll'rll\lJ III '\"111111111'111" 11'1,"1,
1I(,h,' 1""1'1"" 11,11I1;1111.1. ir III.' 1.-.II"atl.." '" 1I1',lIr 1\ ~"l'ln"'II,'"II)' k"II,IIIIII,,11 "IIII~','_ "''''11,11)' i, 111111..,""'11....., Ir Ih"
't'Io'r:rlillJl," '''1'.111 I' .."I rl"''',,,"i.all) (, ",Iloilo' III 1~,,,I\',\ '10:,'11I11) \111111111.... 1~".:II\'d. IIIt/ hl\UIUIl~" r"""'I''''\ \hnlll....
JlI'I,Ii"III" ,h( "1111' \I'\'!lI...t "1 IIli. ~~I.IIII1)' 11I'III1I1l~nl. ~h~IIr,'r III 1III1Ihf.:llllut, ,,1111 1111)' "'\Ill" 1'"1.1 II' 11",,11-'10". Ir
11"111'''1'' :11",,"11'11\ Ih.: 1""1"'1'), ,".10...., ",'I ;111""" ..ilhlll .\01/;1)';' Ill,jil'\I ("'11I 1.\'IIdll, Ihllllhlllll\U......'~I'llIflll' hi'.
I"r"h,fl" "'111\,., d.IIl11.lhnll .'llok'III." .HU.,.'IIIII' ill'...r,ll1U' l'r'''''''LI, Il'lhk, 11I;1)' 11'11 III.: r"Io."~''''' III,q..li,ur ,",111I"
Ilh' 1''''I''''I~ "II" 1"'~ 'lilt" '1'~IJI",1 h) Ihl\ ~1"'IIII1)' 11I'IIUIIII'III. .~h.:lh\'1 ,., JlIII 'hltllllll(, Ihr ,\O,"'u, r~rllld ",ll ~,hl
..111'11.11"""'1'10'1'11111'"
l~III,o" 1 \'lul", ,llhll1l"I'''I.,. "lhl'~IW ,'~,....: III '" ,iliulI, 'III) '11'1,11I;l11I11'llrr"Il.'II\'I/. hi 1',111..11\111 ,hull ""I ""rlllll"
l""II"'III'III.',IIIo',I.,'r.''''III'IIII'"lhl)' 1'.I)m"llt'ld""':III,'illl'.II.ljll.ll,h\ 11I1,,1211'1I1t,IIII1VII1l:III1lIlUlIII,rlh':I"'~.n1rI1l\, I(
IJlIlI." 1',11 "fl' ,11'11 I'll Iw 1''''I'''''r i, ,.. 'lull I',I"~ I "IIlI..:r, "",,"" rr', 111'.111 1111111)' 11I'1II1111(( rl'lid\'~ UIII.I r'''U'r''~ III'uhlll.
r"'III,I.III1"I:""'1101'1""1"".1 1"U""'IIiI',I"IUI'I'II'1l ,hilU 1';1" ",h'IIII."I" Ih",(U\l1II IIr 1I11:\UIIl\h,\:U't:llh)llIi".,,'urilt
hl'IIIIII.,'IlIIIlIJJI,',Ir,lt.'t. 1'111'1 I" lh~ ,1.'ljuIliIU'"
l'I, "n",'nllllllll III1lI \"'llIlrllllll""'" 1''''llfll)ll,ru\chuhh, Ih'IIH"1I1 ,h,11l lUll 1111''''1)'. dlllllll,':1II 'lIh,llIIIIIl,II)'
dl,JIlfl'. 1111' 1'11'1"'111 .,11,,,. Ih.' 1'1"1,.'11) h' ,1.-"'lu"..I\' "I "llIlIIlIil ,",._1\' Ulhi, S~'lIIltt 111'111'11I\1111 I~ IIn 111\'1"...1111111.
11"",....., _11,.11'1'1111'1, '" 1111 Ih.' 1'1'''1''''11' "r'h.. k.'\I', 111111.( 11,"'11\'\1,1'11"11'" r,.t lill.: h'III\l""'r'\"I~, 11I\'1~II,d",hl IIltd
rl.' Illk ,10,,11 11,'I"li"I!.'Ullk" 1""""'Il't'\"hllhlllllll'l! 1',flllllltiulI
7, l'rllll'rlil1u III I "t1lk,', IIII/hl, In Ih~ 1"lIpl'r'JI \111I'1/:'1/' IU\U':I"U', If 11""""11' rnil\ III flIl,ru,nl Ih"
~"'hll,uH' .lIhl ,ljthl'lIl.lIh I "1111011,,1 u.llm 'i....'III.~ 111'1111'11\1111, I" Iii",\, 1\ ,. k~:.I 1',....1','1111I. Ih,'l nlll, ~i'IIU1";lllll) n",.,1
I ~1"tl'''\ '11Ihl\ III Ihl' 1'11'1'1'11) 1'"\ h II' ,I 1',,"11I',11.., ill hlllll.'"l'lq, r",hlll~', rllr ..1'1lI1"lllll,lliulI "' Itl \'lIrllrn h.". II'
11'11111.11"''''). Ih.." 1.'lhlrl "';I~ \t.. ,JlllI 1'.1) r,I'" Ihlh'~II' i\ 1I\1~"'''.IIIII1I'I'lIr..llhll \lllut/ Ilrlhv "lIIlwll, IIrIlII.Clllk,'. ,illllll
11,111., 1''''1'1'11' 1"11111'1\ ."''''11' IlIil~ 11I~1t1.1,' r,l\iHIl ;111) 'UIII' '\"\'lIh'I' h,,;t lwlI "hi~h hll' r,i1I,h~ .I\C, Ihl, ~""U,i11
11""IIJII,'III. .'1"....,1111111 "' \""11, 1',llitljl 1\',I"'II.lhlll ,'111""\')' r..~, 11111/ ('11':/111' 'lJllhll.l'fIlr\'Il) hI nllk\! rrrai,\ ^hhllu.h
I \'11\1.', m.l~ LIl.t ,,~'lil'lIl11ltl\'llln' 1',11.111','1''' " 11.'1111.:, ,1,'1'\ n"l hilI.' hlCl1l '"
^n~ 1II'.'"urlh ,11_hlll,,',IIo,1 "'Ihlo 11I1t1~,.1I11" 1'''',ljl';'I,1I 1 ,10,,1111,.,1'11I11 "llllilh'"nl.I~,t1lllr III1HII"U 't'..lUnl h~ Ihl,
!\n 111111 11I_IUIII,,'1I1 lllll.." ""11"'11" .11I,111"111." ;111"'t/ h'"lh," tl'lIIl\ 1'( I','~ 1II.'lIl.lh~\t ;llIlI'unl" .111I11 ""~, hll':'~\l (U\Il1
Ihr ,1.1110' 1.llh,I'II''I'IU,'Ul ,II tit.' '""I\' ',II.' ,11111 ,h,11I hr r.'.I,lhk \11'h i,ll.-r.:\', "rl'lI 111111,,, (f11111 Lrlll.l\" "IU"""...t'
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lI11tfI11<H' ,11.111 r.l~ lli~ l'I\'lIll1ltll\ h'IIIJIICl' h'III.lilll.11II ,h" 111'1111111,'''' 111111'.'\'1 unlit 'Ih II 1I1111,'.0'1I\' h"I',lh'llh'lll (.lIlhll
InUl/lllln' 11:1"1111,1""111 ~.,.,IHlill1.'lI \I, I'h 1l1'1,"u~I'~ mill 1"11I1.'''' ~'III"IIII'h"IIl"1l111' ;11'1,110'(11'11: I""
I. l"'llullnn, 1...11.1." III II. Hp\'lllllt.l) III.'~.. lI'II'Ull.lhl.' "1I1111"ul"'1I1111,111I'1"'l.'IIIIIIII"'hl: 1'11't"II., 1.'11011'1
,11..11 ,ho: 1111"""," 1I1'I'H',lllht Ihm'II('lll'tt"r 111.111 11I'1,.,.lj'1I1.t""'lr~llI, "'11'''11:11.11: . 'Ill',' r", Ilh'w"'n'lilll
9, ("lndL'mnlltlulI, 'lhr""'H,,',I.,'flll1)U"aI'!"'I'IIIIIIII'I,.I.lllIil"",llllnl "I I'OlIlllft4lh'UIMI,illl'llIIlIn'I!"11 "'lh
III) "roml\'lIltl/lli,lllllI lllh~1 1;I~i/lF IIf 1111)' I"HI,'f Ihr PII'I'rll)', llf fill CIIIlH)UtILl' III II~u "r ~tlllllrlllll~I"m, Illtt h~'r~'h~
u~I"lI\'d nnd ~h;11I ~ f\ilhJ III I \"lIlrr
III Ih... \'1...111 ,'f Illoll;.1 lul.h'll,'f III... 1"1'1,.11)', Ih... I"''''n'.h \1',11111\' "1'1,111'11 h'llI... \1111I\ \....1I1~,.1 h)' Ihl\ ~""Il'II)'
III\UIIIII.'111. I\h"lh\', "r 111,1 lli"1l ,hl~'. "'1111 :11I) "\H'\\ 1'"i11 hi 11.,,.,,\\.'1 1IIIIIr ""0'1,1 '" 111',"11.11 hl~ill~ Illlhr 1''''1''''')'
uuk., IIw 11m rr IlIul h'lllt..., .lIh\'''.i..'IIF'.... III ""lilli!, Ih.. '1111I. '''''lI'nl hI 1111, '\". 1I111~ IU\IIIIIII.'1I1 \II,IH 1Ito'lr,III.",1 h)'
Ihr nnll'lIlll lit Ih.' 1'11"1'.',1. 1II1l1111,11~,.1 hI Ih... 1"IlH'~ 11111 1'1,1\ 11"11 1.lllh... 11,..,1 ;111I1'11111 "f III~' '1111I' ""lIlnlluum'dhlldr
~f"": Ih"'IJl.in" lll'I~..d II)' lhllh., 1.liI III,II~..I ~1I111" Ifflh... 1'1"1"'11)' Imlll~'lh'lld) h.llu.' Ih.' I.I~I'I' Au) hill~m... .h.11I II,
f1l1id 1'llh"'"I\~'r
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III'I~I' 111I11",\1,111' ..'111... ,I d,U/II rill ,r.lll1a~.'., Ih''''\l1 .'r 1',111. I.. ""1'''"'' h' I c,"kl \/lllllill ,IIJ II,.), "rh'j II" d,.", III.' IIUIIH i~
11''''11, I "1111.., I' 11111111'"1<',1," ""II""llIllIllIl,/,I~ 1101' 1'''.......,,1., III il' 111'11"11, ...ulI,-,III 1\"I"/;Ilil'll III '\'1..11, III III\'I''''I'''II~ "'
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I'mllltlll\'IIt\'.llIl' d,II\'lIfll1\' t1lllt1lhl) 1'.I)tIl...." "0(.,,.,,,1 111111 1"1/;lllt"I'"\ 1111111 l"f ,11;1I1~"lh""1111t1l1l1 ..f,udl 1'11)1111'111',
10, IInrrlllll'r ~lIlllclrll.rlh IlItb.'III1'"U II)' ItlldU f'\ttl. \\'.hu, l"h'lI,illllllrlh,'lUur (II' 1111)11I.'111 lit
lII'IIIlU"'lIlltltl ..r 1I1111111i/illh'lI IIf Ih,' '111I1' 'l'UI'1"I1 h}t illl~ Snmil)' '11"1..11'...111 111,1111"11 h~ 1_I'llIla III 1111. ~Il\'n'''''' III
hll..,....lur 1111"1111"" 'hallllll'llf'rlill\' "' 1\'11'11'" 'h,'Ullhillr) 1l(lht 1Ir!lllttalllll'lIll/1", II' 1I,t1'II"'n'~ 'Un'~"Ul\ III 1111\''''\1
1.(11I11.', ,hall IIlII h~ h''luhl"ll II' !;1I11l11l...IIH 1"1......,,111I,. 11'11111'1 1111)' 'U,'!;C\\1l1 ill illl,'Il"1 II' I...ruw III f"l..nll hili" (",
rllym...lIlll, 1I11,...tlllwlIlllllil) 1I1l111tli/lllluII "r Ih... 'UII.. ......llt...II..I' Ihl, 5","I,iIY 11I.I'UIII.'1I1 11)' h'I'.'.llIlllf ull~"I"'III~llIllI'lIIll'
h)'lh...",ia:-llIlIllIlllIlllI.'r,,, 1I"''''lIrr'. 'IInn','" 11I1i'h.,...'1 All)' f'lIh..MillIl'.' h) I ~,lItk, 11I"""'''1'11111111I)' IIl1hl "' lI'III.'Jy
_Ihlll null.... n I~"IH' lIf"'llh','llIlh' Ih... "'\",d~,'lIf 111I)' 111111111' "'III~,I)'
II. Su,crUlllI and ^.dlttl' 1I1111"~1 Julnl ""l! Surnll,Jnbilll)'1 ('II'lllt"rl\, I h~ (111.'11,111" 1111I1 1.'I.....m~lIh IIf
Ilti.!ii......UIII) 11I'1'"lIll'lIl .h,11I hillllllll~ h,'II<'111 tllr '"n'\'\'m~1I1111 1l\\1'1I,..fl .'11I1.'111111111""1'''1'1, \111')"'1 h1lh.../,rml'iI1l"
Clrl'lIHI"Ujlh 17 Ifllllil"rr'hll\""II11I, 1I'"IIIIl''''~''Il...nh .hulll", J"llIllIlId '~Hljll, ^")' 11"'"1"'"" 111111\'11.\1'11' Ih ,~.",ulil~
1".III1tH\'1I1 hUl dlk" 11II1......{1I1...111l: Nlltr lul i, (n,~IRlIllI. Ihi, !iCI.'U'II) In'IIUIII"'"II1I1I)' hi UlIllllll,r,lr;lIIll1l1d .'Illl'r)'
lhulllllmlllr"~ lnl,'rnlllllh... I'fnllrfl)' IllllJt., lilt Irtm~ llf It.h !le",ulil)' 11I'IIIlIII"III; Ih) 1\ 111111""""111111)' IlhU,~I...d hll"l~
Iht 'lIIlI. ~r(u",,, h)' Ibi\ !h'rurlly 1tl\IIUllltlll: 1111I1 h:) "II'......' Ihlll I.rllllu nllll nil)' IIlhu 1I""""'f' rill)' III'''''' In \:lh'lI~.
""llllf)', fllll....lI, IIr IlIlIkr UII)' anllllllll'lIl"tll'lI~ Ililh IClnrd In Ih.. IClrnl Ilf llil, ~(.'u,il)' rll~IIUIll.'lIll1' Ihl' NIII" _llhllul
II'nlllnr,.'"rr'~.I'""'1l1
IJ, 1,111" thn'~.', Ifll"lllllIll ,~,'IIII'lj h)' Ihl, !i"(II.II~ 11I'lllIlIlrllll, '"hJc',lllIlI I,.w whkh ~I' mQllmUIll II'"n
tlIlHlr', nmllhnl II'w I' ntlull)' Inlapr\'lcll ,n lhDI Ihr hllttl"l or nlhl" II\UII dln'llr. cllllrllrJ Ilf hi he l.'ullC'lh'IIIII
(1I1I1I,'\,'llnll 111111 Ih InUIl n...trtllhr 1,..tlllillcJ hmll', Ihrll: (II) nllY 'u." linin d'h1,r .11;111 hi: l\'du...rJ")' Ih,lIlIlIlIUIII
n':U'~~f)' It, ,...t/urc Ihc<ha,." In Ihr 1,,'FIlII11,',IIIIIIII: DII~ Ihl 1111)' ~Ulm nh...nll)' \'ll1I\'\ICll f/llIIlII<'"IIIIo" ....hld, UH...J...d
""'/lillII'd Ihlllh '" ill lit ,...run~cd I.t ",'UIlI.t' I cndu "III)' (h,III.'" In "\lI~1' Ihl' Itrlln.1 b)' Ir,hldlll Ih.: f'"..df'ul u\Hd
\llId..., Ihl' Nnl...llI hrnl;'~IIl' n ~ltr\'1 rHI)'IIICIIIIO 1I'"loIH', Ir. ferlllltlmlu.'c\ 1"1/11'1(1111.111... '(llm'IlIl!l "m Iw IIUI"'llll'lI
'flnlllDlllt"'PLl)'IIl"'IIII'..hIIlIUIU"~f"cl'n)Ill"'lllrh,1r,.rlln~rrlhr Null'
IJ. I.cJll\lulIlII'I ^fTtfllnA I.tndu', Ulwha, If ...1I11l'lmCIII '" urlllllhm Ilf Ilrr,h"lIhl.. 111"'\ h~, Ihl' IIIT(.'I lIt
,cndrrllllllll)' prl\l<l~illn "fllt( NoI" 0' Ihl, !iI'ruIII)' III.tllllll(111 UIIl:lIr'lrc\'nhlr IIHIIIIIII'IIO Il~ Irrlll'. I.ruder. 1111\111'11111I,
IIH'y tcqulre Inllll~lIllllc f'(I~ll1cnl III rull IIr::lI 'urn 'c,'ulrl' hy IhI_ !irtu,lry 11i\I,uolcllllllul 11I11)' 1III<IIh 1111)' ,elll(IIIL\
""'11I1111'11 h~' P"lllllflll'h 1'1. If 1.'II11r' I'l(,ci'r' Ihl, "'illlIlI, I rlllr..., .hulllllh Ih... .11'1" 'l'nln\'d IlIlhl' '\'\'Iln~ rlllllUlpllllr
1"11 "111'rh 17.
14. Nullcc., All) Ihllk...ltlll.,,,.mn f\1"oill\',1 fll, Illlhh 5""11I11)' 1t1'ltuln~1I1 ,JlillllwIllh'll h)' ~dh'-...rhlllll III h)'
mnilln, II Ii)' 111.1 1'111\0 mllll 111I1..... 1I1'r1k;.hr..luw "'llulrt,~ 1J'l.'uf 11II"llIrr 11I\'1111\11, Ih... 111111.... .llull her t111\'\'Inl hI Iher
I'WtII'lI)' ^,loJn"~ II' nil)' "'lia IIdlll...\\ """"\lorr llc.lllllllc, h)' IInll\'( hll,rmJ\', All) nul!.-e lu l.l'IIII.'r \hulllkr '1~\'1l h)'
n'M c111" llIulllu l,emJ...,', nd,t,c" MIII...d hr,dn I'r 1111)' uthr, IIdljrc\_ r.clulrr llr.llllllll\'. h)' 111111.( l'IIIl1f'IlW~I. Any llI,ll~er
r.rf'~hJ...t1 fur in Ihl, Srclllilylll\lrumcllI .hllll hr llrCtllrd III hll\t h"rll Ilorll tulh,r".",,,, '" (,clI,I,'r ",h~n II~Clllt' f\llI~ld..t1
nlhl'f'nlil'flll.h,
n, (;"'I',nlllll 1 IIlIi Snrrnhlllly. rhh ~cl.'u'il)' 1..~III""rlll ."..It h\' ,,'~r'II\'11 h}t f...k,.III,,\\. UII~ I"~ rllw Ilf Ihl'
Jurl'ilkllnn ill \\hidl Ih...I""I....")' 1\ 11"'11101 In Iht' C~fII1 Ihlll 111I)' rwwhllll' "' dllll\\' "llhi. SO'l'II'II)' III\lIUmrnlllf Ih,
Nnllt ..lllln..'I. "11h 1I111,1Icl.hlr Itll~, 'lI..h (lltllli.'1 \hnlllllllllfr~(1 'II hr. ...tlwi,ilu,,"f Ihh S"I'lIlII) 11I'IIUIII~1I1 ur III" Nil":
"hl(1I "'UII hlllhrll elk.'1 101l11l1U1 11111 cnllflkhllll,"wl,llIlI, III It,l. '1I111hl' rltlwl.lulI' IIf Iltl, !iinulil)' lll\lrum'nl Itltllhll
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16. IInrrtlMu',t'np), lIurm.....r ,lIdll h(51il'cIIIlIWCIHlrllllll...tt""l'yurtll,' Nil"" 1IIIIIuflh l,!i<.'lu,II}tlmllUIlll.'III.
11, 'fll,",frru(lhcl'tOpcrl)' "' D IIrnrnclullnlnnlln III1H'I"r1, lfillltl,lllI) l'ilIl IIrlhr I""JIIIII, III i111)'
Illlcr"lllIlIl~ ,,,11Im IfllI,"(rrcll hI' ir n b~II\'~dl.1 inlctnl III """II"cr ,_ ,nll1 ur 11l1l..f~I/,',1 1I11" lI11llll""U j, 11111. 1II.IU'1I1
fl'I.'"nnlllollhnllll.(lIdrr'\ r'in, IHUlcn rlll.....III, I Clldrr Ill;ly, ill il. "f\liun, rrljlll'r Imrul',llllh' l"I)lIIrlllln full..f 1111 \11I11'
icnlr"'ll h}t Ihl'" S""'Ulil)' 111'"1111I"'111. 110,.....\.", Ihl, IlJlIllllI .111111 nlll h~ urr...i~.'rJ h)' 1~1I1/\" .1 .'h',\'I'r i, J1t111111111\'~ h)'
r",l/\'rlll 11111 11'I,rlh" ~;llr Ilflhl, !i\.<'urily 11I'I'ul"~1I1
If 1_""llkr .'\crcl',",lhi, "1'11"",1.\'11111.', ,haUl/hI' 1I(1"01"'r' tlnli.... "flll'nk',lIi"ll I h" 11111"... .lhllll"uIlllru l'I"i'lll
Ilflll'II.'\\lhnll .lllll,,}', rlllllllhc 111I1" III" '11>11<'( I~ ,ldi~crcll ut 1II,IIkll \\.llhlll ,,"hi, Ii 11111 ",,,...t lllu"I"I)' 1111 ~lIrn' \""11I1'11 h)
Ih... 'rlutll)' 11I.lnllmlll Iflllllrn"'~, f;lll, 11I1'ft)' 11I1'\c ~1II11\ lultlr!ll Ih... r_r"llli"lI "' 1111'1'10'11011, I (IIII\'I m'l) 11I~"kc 1111)'
felll..lll.... ri'rnlilll'~hl'thi\')c[lIlil)' 11\,I,uIII(1I1 ""lthfllll f'"lhrr IIl1lif\'lIIt1rlll;llItlullllcollllwr,
II, 11""""(1" n(~hlllt Rehl\lnlc, If IIUltllllcr rIlrrl\ (C.llIllI '11I1111111111', Il00rrll"r, ,llnll hll~t lit... 'ilhl'" hll~1'
lIuf"t...rnl...nl "flhi. ~"~(jrll) 11l"II)IO'CIII IU''''II'llIlt"llIl Iltl~ hUll! p' 111111111"',',1111..., ", I'I}' .11I).,,,t \u.lI"III..., fl\'rI'IlI~,
111'1'11\';,101\' I.,,, '"11) 'Itrclr}' fl" '''''11'1.11''1'''''111) IIt:rll'" '111" nf ',h\' 1'1l'/,<1tly f'lII\Ll,IIIII" UII)' I"'\/l~r ur'1I1... ,1I111~11l\'d 11I1111'
5C(Urll)' l'I\lrllll1~lIl; Ilr (h) rllll~ nr 11llll1rmenr tllr'lr.'lllllhl\ ~c.urll) 11""UIlll'1l1 'IIII',~ e'"llli.hlll' IH~ 111111 1111"11",":
(III rll)'~ I,rllll"r 1111 \\111" IIhidlllt...1I ""uld hr ilu... ultlla thi' ~n'urll) ",~I'Llml'rll ,III" Ih.: NIII\' hllll nil ~~nl..tolll"ll
CX\'UI~cL!; Ih) CUtc~ (I~)' ll...rilllllllf ~II)' 11th\'l ''''1'11.101, II' "l1,nlll...lIl\: ("'1 ril~' 1111 ,,_,,<:11'<1\ illl'lIt1ed III ern'ur..lltllhl\
!ICt'HII\ "1~I,ulllrlll. 1I1(llIdl"l. hlll "'II hlllltc~ 10, '''".flllllhl... Illlnn!!:y.' fc~\. ~'HIIIJI hlh, \\I,h 1I~lllIn II' I.cndu /1111)'
'tlI\nnlbl)' 'C(llIlrC In 1\\'lIf Ihal lhe Ill'" nf Ihl' ~rcllrily In\lIl1l11rnl, 1.~lllj~,.\ 1111111\ III I"c l'lop"'l)' Ill" Il"lfn~rl\
ohlllnHon 10 (lny Ih, \U'lli 'tculrd by Ihl\ ~ecurll)' '''\11111111'111 ~hnll r(ltlhIlU~ IIl1cllllllUrll, Upll" Itlll\llIlrllll'lIl h)'
Darrow." Ihl\ S(Curll) 11l'I,UtllCIll 3'HJ Ihll ollli,.linn, \ctllrrll hcnh)' ~hlll rrmain rull)' clfcclhr 1\ ir nllll(tell"llllIn hnd
occu,,,d, Ifo"",wcr,lhl,,llhllorfinltllc,hllllnOllf\pl)'lnlhc(l\cof.rcrlcrlllllnu'"lcrpa'lIl,af\h, 11m I'.
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It, AtrrlrUlh"'1 IlImrll", l.tlldu ,h.1I II., 1Illlln hI !Ill""" .,111' 10 Itrd"IU"" MID.I". Iltll",.,,',
""uh "' ."~ ,11..n..,,1 ur 'll'l'I'mrnl 1111111. ,"il'flull~ '"'hulnl'nlllllll nul p,I." IlIlcr,I".lluII un"" ,.,11.,.,,,. 13.... 11
IInln\ .ppllnbl, Ill" PFflWllll" ulh"..hd, I-r,"lu ,hllll'IlIIUt IIU"'llt'"' n', ''In"". lI,hr, Ihlll.'t lilith, "dill/Ill I~'lhr
nllllll ul''''''''''1 run Ihl' .llllIullt Irllllllll 1/'1' Ih,llIlIlIlnll,llu' rll",I~ 111111111. Ihlll '.lltH.I" run Ih.II~'rllllllln ',nllh:"
mll~ Inulll.. IUlhtlIUIIIII.' Illr \1m" UfllH" b) Ihl, ,"iU1I1Ht- 1111111111I'11', tUluluUHI ". JII~lrllll "IN'udlnlt 1rI' ",Ir II'
Ihr 1',upI"). I 111111'1 ""111 '.,,'h., IIIIollnllllltlllltU III IIw ,lwht III,dmlllh' lIt1u IlHdrnllun 11Il",h, ,'whitt) .mlll,..h,
111'1'11111111' ,,'''rn.lIl1l/llll' 1II1II,,'.lllIlI'I' '" II iI".III1I1, .11) "Ih", dt'/lu".., "''''''llIff IIIIU,I",IIII" .'111 ''''l'Ilu\II", I'
ItIl'd.'III1III\ 1I1111111.d ," '1I\IIII"t, 1111.h, ullh IIplllltl 111,1) r"'lulr~ IllItIIldlllh' JlI')I1I"111111 ,.,11..,,,11 \111I1\ \Itulld.) Ih"
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94-3S69 CIVIL TERM
dcterminlng that the orul ugreement between the purtles ellnstituted II yeur.tlloycar leWle which
rcqulrcd u nlncty.day cvletilln nlltlce, Thereafter, tin cvletllln nlltlec WWl served lln the dcfcndant
rcquesting that she vueate thc premises lln llr before April 30, 1994. The vulidity llf scrvice of
that nlltice hus nllt becn ullaeked. Thc defendant did nllt vacate the premiscs and a second
landlord/tenant nctillll was filed. The plaintiff wns Olguin nwarded pllsscssilln, the defendant
appealed, and thc mailer is ngnin befllre the Cllurt.
As nllted, the partics failed tll mcmllrinllzc thcir leasc agrecment in writing. Thc Statute
llf Frauds provisilln llf the Lnndlllrd and Tenant Act provides, csscntially, that an oralleasc for a
term of more thnn threc ycnrs is uncnforeenblc in ellurt and that sueh a lensc will bc converted
to a tenan<-)' at.will by operation of law.
68 P.S. 250.202 Leases for morc than threc years
Rcal property, including any personal property
thereon, may be leased for a term of more than
threc years by a landlord to a tenant or by their
respective agents lawfully authorized in writing.
Any such lease musl be in writing and signed by the
parties making or erealing the same, otherwise it
shall have the force and effect of a lease at will only
and shall not be givcn any greater force or effecl
either in law or equity, notwithstanding any
consideration therefor. unless the tenan<-)' has
continued for more than one ye ar and the landlord
and tenant have recognized ils rightful existence by
claiming and admilling liability for the rent, in
which case the tenanl)' shall become one from year
to year.
For the purpose of disposing of preliminary objections, we ruled, on March 16, 1994, that
the oral agreement between the parties operated as a valid year.to.year tenancy. Nothing in the
testimony of our more recent bearing has caused us to conclude differently. This bcing thc case,
the plaintiff was cntitled to possession of th\. property on West Locust Strect on April 30, 1994.
2
94.3569 CIVIL TERM
In addition to thc cviction of thc defendant, the plaintiff sccks damagcs. Thc damages
includc, of course, any ovcrduc rcnt. Thcre heing no agrccd upon amount of rent in this case,
wc arc in a position to award, instead, thc fair markct rental valuc of thc propcrty.
Unfortunatcly, th,:rc is no tcstimony in this casc conccrning what that amount might hc. Thus,
our assessmcnt of dama!!cs would hc purely speculativc,
ORDER
AND NOW, this
3~ day of Fchruary, 1995, on a claim of ejcctmcnt, wc find In
favor of the plaintiff and against thc defcndant, and plaintiff is hcrcwith awardcd posscssion of
thc prcmiscs at 10 West Locust Strcct, Mcchanicshurg, Cumbcrland County, Pcnnsylvania.
BY THE COURT,
lft~c1;~
/
Lawrcncc J. Ncary, Esl!-..irc
For thc Plaintiff
/
Sharon Dwyer, Fro Sc
10 Wcst Locus. Strcet
Mcchanicsburg, PA 17055
3