HomeMy WebLinkAbout02-3645
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.,
Plaintiff
v.
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
NO. O~ - .ll.4S C?t<:.>< ( 'T~
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
aJk/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
CIVIL ACTION - LAW
JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
PRAECIPE FOR WRIT OF SUMMONS
TO THE PROTHONOTARY
Please issue a Writ of Summons in the above-captioned matter and forward the Writ of
Summons to the Sheriff for service on:
Douglas Edward Smith
aJk/a Douglas E. Smith
3527 March Drive
CampHill,PA 17011
Date: ::T1/''I;)'1. .;lOO;2."
hlJ~-
Ronald D. Butler, Esquire
Attorney for Plaintif
1.D. #09826
500 N. Third St., P.O. Box 1004
Harrisburg, PAl 7108-1004
(717) 236-1485
,
WRIT OF SUMMONS
TO THE ABOVE-NAMED DEFENDANT:
YOU ARE NOTIFIED THAT THE ABOVE-NAMED DEFENDANT HAS
COMMENCED AN ACTION AGAINST YOu.
fld,;. )I! -~
Prothonotary
Dated: July JOj .2 nh'J....
&-: Mo/Oo f) P ~Ol./2.{"l'~
Deputy
,
~ R ~
~
i:)~()
....J ~ v
~t~
J-
o C;"'j
C l',c
~
-Q lC I'. ,:-_~.
Q.l :',' "
~f-. ~-') ~
0"" c:;
r'~;"
~'~:; - ..,'
,cc '^
:~'. ..- J
5>
'.)
H:"
v.
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
NO. 02-3645 CIVIL TERM
CIVIL ACTION - LAW
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.,
Plaintiff
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH,
a/kJa DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
PRAECIPE FOR APPEARANCE
TO: Prothonotary
Please enter the appearance of Richard H, Wix, Esquire, of the firm of Wi x, Wenger
& Weidner, on behalf of Defendant Douglas Edward Smith in the above-captioned matter.
WIX, WENGER & WEIDNER
BY~~ I/. ~
Richard H. Wix, Esq., I.D. #07274
Attorneys for Defendant
4705 Duke Street
Harrisburg, PA 17109-3099
(717) 652-8455
Dated: August 28,2002
(") 0 ,~
~ !"oJ ."1'""!
~
-oiJj c:::
I:QU\ (i'") c<
-,' l'V
Vir.: ;-'
)?,. ~ ~~~).
?t:: -0
~Q :::r.: .',-~5;Q,
~. ;.... .... ~.
:pL.) ~ (~rn
~ -,
'?
...J ~
MARK J. UDREN & ASSOCIATES
BY: Mark J. Udren, Esquire
ATTY I.D. NO. 04302
1040 N. KINGS HIGHWAY, SUITE 500
CHERRY HILL, NJ 08034
856-482-6900
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF
Wells Fargo Home Mortgage,
Inc. f/k/a Norwest Mortgage,
Inc.
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CIVIL DIVISION
Cumberland County
Plaintiff
v.
Jeffrey A. Niblett
Julie A. Niblett
Kenneth W. Niblett
NO. 02-3765 Civil
Defendant(s)
PRAECIPE TO REINSTATE COMPLAINT
TO THE PROTHONOTARY:
Kindly reinstate the Complaint on the above-captioned matter.
DATE: August 27, 2002
Ma k . Udren, ESQUIRE
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF
@ 0 0
N .1
-U?:: x:a. :.~;J1
t1:"'" c::
~rn C'")
::c' ,
Zc N -1m
C/) ,-!,: ..0 ''''0
-<d:. L~l ~~
~CJ :no
Zc ::r ':5::!:!
'70
5>0 S> om
c::
~ :.> ?J
-<
v.
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
CIVIL ACTION - LAW
NO. 02-3922 CIVIL TERM
IN DIVORCE
RICHARD M. MCBETH, JR.
Plaintiff
KAREN J. MCBETH
Defendant
ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE PURSUANT TO PA. R. CN. P. 412
I, Karen J. McBeth, Defendant, hereby accept service of the complaint.
Q{j u-;;c ;) '" .2/XJ';)
Date
.~~.di,
Karen J. cBeth, Defendant
(j 0 0
~ rv -'1
:c-
-0 C" ~- :I)
~r'i'i '7> .
:Xl N -, r-r
175?: 1~::Q
\.0 ~-~ ~:}
2L
.....C' -0 -~~ -n
:S -, 3 -:~~ ;::~,
ZC; Z;'n
s>() ~ C)
'c: ~
~
....... -<
SHERIFF'S RETURN - REGULAR
CASE NO: 2002-03645 P
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA:
COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND
DOUDEN ALLEN L JR
VS
SMITH DOUGLAS EDWARD AKA DOUGL
JASON VIORAL
, Sheriff or Deputy Sheriff of
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, who being duly sworn according to law,
says, the within WRIT OF SUMMONS
was served upon
SMITH DOUGLAS EDWARD AKA DOUGLAS E SMITH
the
DEFENDANT
, at 1802:00 HOURS, on the 13th day of August
2002
at 3527 MARCH DRIVE
CAMP HILL, PA 17011
by handing to
LORIE SMITH, WIFE
a true and attested copy of WRIT OF SUMMONS
together with
and at the same time directing Her attention to the contents thereof.
Sheriff's Costs:
Docketing
Service
Affidavit
Surcharge
So Answers:
18.00
9.66
.00
10.00
.00
37.66
r~-.c~
R. Thomas Kline
08/14/2002
BUTLER LAW FIRM
()" r.d- ,;l {Pf),)J A. D .
Qrc-,Q 'JndihJ, '10f
P othonotary
Sworn and Subscribed to before By:
me this .,2::J.~ day of
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.
Plaintiff
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYL VANIA
v.
: NO. 02-3645
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION - LA W
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that I have this day served Plaintiff's Interrogatories _ First Set and
Request for Production of Documents - First Set Addressed to Defendant Douglas Smith by first
class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the following person:
Richard H. Wix, Esq.
Wix, Wenger & Weidner
4705 Duke Street
Harrisburg, PA 17109-3099
CLARA VAL & CLARA VAL
Date:
By~.Qxlliu W&Cl.n\A,
DENISE I. WILLIAMS, Secretary
(") 0
c w
S L-
""0 IT! ,:>>
mfi'::\ -'';;i.
Z::C I
ZC
SJ,i;',' 0:>
,...--
~C -0
~('''' ::1':
~t5 N ..."',
:J>C .,a ...~,-'
~ r-- ...'1....,:
:D
(X) -<
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.
Plaintiff
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYL VANIA
v.
: NO. 02-3645
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
CIVIL ACTION - LA W
NOTICE - COMPLAINT
YOU HAVE BEEN SUED IN COURT. If you wish to defend against the claims set
forth in the following pages, you must take action within twenty (20) days after this Complaint and
Notice are served by entering a written appearance personally or by attorney and filing in writing
with the court your defenses or objections to the claims set forth against you. You are warned that
if you fail to do so, the case may proceed without you, and a judgment may be entered against you
by the court without further notice for any money claimed in the Complaint or for any other claim
or relief requested by the Plaintiff. You may lose money or property or other rights important to you.
YOU SHOULD TAKE THIS PAPER TO YOUR LAWYER AT ONCE. IF YOU
DO NOT HAVE A LAWYER OR CANNOT AFFORD ONE, GO TO OR TELEPHONE THE
OFFICE SET FORTH BELOW TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN GET LEGAL HELP.
Cumberland County Bar Association
2 Liberty Avenue
Carlisle, PA 17013
(717) 249-3166
NOTICIA
Le han demandado a usted an la corte. Si usted guiere defenderse de estas demandas
expuestas en las paginas siguientes, usted tiene viente (20) dias de plazo al partir de la fecha de la
demanda y la notificacion. Usted debe presentar una apariencia escrita 0 en persona 0 por abogado
y archivar en la corte en forma escrita sus defensas 0 sus objeciones a las demandas en contra de su
persona. Sea avisado gue si usted no se defienda, la corte tomara medidas y puede entrar una orden
contra usted sin previo aviso 0 notificacion y por cualquier gueja 0 alivio gue es pedido en la peticion
de demanda. Usted puede perder dinero 0 sus propiedades 0 otros derechos importantes para usted.
LLEVE ESTA DEMANDA A UN ABODAGO INMEDIATAMENTE. SI NO
TIENE ABOGADO 0 SI NO TIENE EL DINERO SUFICIENTE DE PAGAR TAL SERVICIO,
VA Y A EN PERSONA 0 LLAME POR TELEFONO A LA OFICINA CUY A DlRECCION SE
ENCUNENTRA ESCRIT A ABAJO PARA A VERIGUAR DONDE SE PUEDE CONSEGUIR
ASISTENCIA LEGAL.
Cumberland County Bar Association
2 Liberty Avenue
Carlisle, P A 17013
(717) 249-3166
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.,
Plaintiff
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYL VANIA
v.
: NO. 02-3645
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
CIVIL ACTION - LA W
COMPLAINT
1. The Plaintiff Allen Douden is an adult individual who resides at 518 West
Main Street, Mechanicsburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 17055.
2. The Defendant Douglas Smith is an adult individual who resides at 3527
March Drive, Camp Hill, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 17011.
3. On August 8, 2000, a Tuesday at approximately 5 :30 p.m. the Plaintiff Allen
Douden was driving his 1992 Jeep Cherokee.
4. On that same date the Defendant Douglas Smith was operating a 1989 Dodge
Ram Van.
5. The Plaintiff Allen Douden was traveling west on Trindle Road. The Plaintiff
Allen Douden stopped because of a controlling traffic signal.
6. The Defendant Douglas Smith was also traveling west on Trindle Road and
was to the rear of the Plaintiff Allen Douden.
7. Without regard to the Plaintiff Allen Douden's vehicle which was lawfully
stopped, the Defendant Douglas Smith drove his vehicle into the rear of Allen Douden's car.
8. The force of the impact pushed Plaintiff forward into a concrete wall and
caused Allen Douden's body to move backward and forward in a rapid manner.
9. The collision and all of the hereinafter mentioned injuries and damages
sustained by the Plaintiff Allen Douden are the direct result of the carelessness, recklessness and
negligence of the Defendant Douglas Smith as more particularly described below.
a.) In failing to stop his vehicle before colliding with the vehicle in which the
Plaintiff Allen Douden was driving.
b.) In failing to keep alert and to maintain a proper lookout for the presence of
other motor vehicles, more specifically, the Plaintiff Allen Douden's vehicle.
c.) In failing to keep adequate and proper control over his vehicle to avoid
contact with the automobile which the Plaintiff Allen Douden was driving.
d.) In operating his vehicle with careless disregard for the rights or safety of
others in violation of the Motor Vehicle Code of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, specifically 75 Pa. C.S.A. S3714, by following too closely to
the car ahead of his vehicle, namely the car driven by Allen Douden.
e.) In failing to properly and quickly apply his brakes to prevent the vehicle he
was driving from colliding with the rear of the vehicle which the Plaintiff
Allen Douden was driving.
f.) In driving his vehicle at an unsafe speed.
10. The force and impact of the collision as caused by the negligence of the
Defendant Douglas Smith caused serious and permanent injury to the Plaintiff Allen Douden for
which he has received medical and chiropractic care.
11. The Plaintiff Allen Douden suffered the following injuries as a result of the
negligence of the Defendant:
(a) Cervical disc injury;
(b) Persistent and continuous neck, shoulder and arm pain;
( c) Occasional numbness radiating down left shoulder;
(d) Fatigue;
(e) A greater susceptibility to spinal injury;
(f) Acceleration of degenerative changes in spine;
(g) Limitation in range of motion;
(h) Pain radiating from neck to left shoulder, arm, hand and fingers;
(i) Pain radiating from neck to right shoulder, arm and wrist;
(j) Diminished sex life.
12. As a result of the negligence of the Defendant Douglas Smith as described
herein, the Plaintiff Allen Douden has suffered and will continue to suffer mental and physical pain,
great difficulty in carrying out and engaging in life's activities, a loss of life's pleasures and
enjoyment, humiliation and embarrassment.
13. Plaintiff Allen Douden has and will in the future sustain a loss of earnings and
an impairment to his earning capacity.
14. Plaintiff Allen Douden has been forced to expend sums of money for medical
services, medication, therapy and related expenses in the past and will be required to continue to do
so in the future.
15. All of Plaintiff Allen Douden's injuries as herein described are continuing and
will continue into the foreseeable future, as will the treatment costs thereof.
16. The negligence of the Defendant Douglas Smith has resulted in the general
deterioration of Plaintiff Allen Douden's well-being.
WHEREFORE, the Plaintiff Allen Douden demands judgment against the Defendant
Douglas Smith in an amount which exceeds the compulsory arbitration limits of Cumberland
County, together with interest, delay damages and costs of suit.
Date:
'/0(/03
CLARAVAL&CLARAVAL
BY@t{~~
P.O. Box 11965
Harrisburg, PAl 71 08-1965
(717) 233-4780
Supreme Court J.D. #19222
Attorneys for Plaintiff
VERIFICATION
The language of the foregoing document is that of counsel and not necessarily my
own; however, I have read the foregoing document and to the extent that it is based upon information
that I have given to counsel, it is true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information, and
belief; to the extent that the content of the foregoing document is that of counsel, I have relied upon
counsel in making this verification.
I understand that any false statements herein are made subject to the penalties of 18
Pa.C.S.A. ~4904, relating to unsworn falsification to authorities.
(jJL ILL
Allen Douden
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.
Plaintiff
v.
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
: NO. 02-3645
: CIVIL ACTION - LA W
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that I have this day served a true and correct copy of the attached
Plaintiffs Complaint by first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the following person:
Date:
, 1-9 10'6
Richard H. Wix, Esq.
Wix, Wenger & Weidner
4705 Duke Street
Harrisburg, PA 17109-3099
CLARA V AL & CLARA V AL
By ~.e.Y\ ~ WvlhC1. YV\L).
DENISE I. WILLIAMS, Secretary
()
c
<-
vi'!!:
fTln
~~}
05',1-.
-<L
~c:;
i>.,
zc.,
<;;:c.Cl
,.P c:.:
Z
=<
C)
w
~~:
(J)
-;::l
"'~-l"
-",,,,
w
:::>
~
C)
..'1
.,
::::-~l
.t~
S:l
-<
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.,
Plaintiff
v.
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
NO. 02-3645 CIVIL TERM
CIVIL ACTION -. LAW
JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH,
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
NOTICE TO PLEAD
To: Allen L. Douden, Jr.
Robert F. Claraval, Esquire, Attomey for Plaintiff
You a re hereby n olified to p lead to the enclosed New Matter w nhin twenty (20)
days from service hereof or a default jUdgment may be entered against you.
Respectfully submitted,
WIX, WENGER & WEIDNER
By ~,~ 1~- ~.
Richard H. Wix, Esq., 10# 07274
Attomeys for Defendant
4705 Duke Street
Harrisburg, PA 17109-3099
(717) 652-8455
Dated: 02/14/03
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.,
Plaintiff
v.
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
NO. 02-3645 CIVIL TERM
CIVIL ACTION -- LAW
JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH,
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
DEFENDANT'S ANSWER WITH NEW MATTER
TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT
AND NOW comes the Defendant, Douglas Edward Smith, by his attorneys, Wix,
Wenger & Weidner, and sets forth the following Answer with New Matter to Plaintiff's
Complaint.
1. Admitted.
2. Admitted.
3. Admitted.
4. Admitted.
5. Admitted.
6. Admitted.
7. Denied that Defendant intentionally drove his vehicle into the rear of
Plaintiffs vehicle, however, it is admitted that Defendant's vehicle did strike the rear of
Plaintiffs vehicle.
8. It is admitted that Plaintiffs vehicle struck the concrete wall of the bridge.
Defendant is without knowledge as to the remaining averments of paragraph 8, and proof
thereof is demanded.
9. Defendant admits that he was negligent in colliding with the rear of Plaintiffs
vehicle. It is denied that said accident caused any injuries and proof thereof is demanded.
10. Denied.
11. Denied.
12. Denied.
13. Denied.
14. Denied.
15. Denied.
16. Denied.
NEW MATTER
17. Plaintiffs claims are barred in whole or in part by the provisions of the
Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law.
18. Plaintiffs injuries pre-existed the accident of August 8, 2000.
WHEREFORE, Defendant demands jUdgment against the Plaintiff.
Respectfully submitted,
WIX, WENGER & WEIDNER
Dated: 2/14/03
By 'l~~ H. 0r<
Richard H. Wix, Esq., 10# 07274
Attomeys for Defendant
4705 Duke Street
Harrisburg, PA 17109-3099
(717) 652-8455
2
. ,
VERIFICATION
I, Douglas E. Smith, have read the foregoing Defendant's Answer with New Matter
to Plaintiffs Complaint which has been drafted by my counsel. The factual statements
and/or denials contained therein are true and correct to the best of my knowledge,
information and belief. I am authorized to make this verification.
This verification is made only as to the factual averments contained therein and
not to legal conclusions and averments authorized by counsel in his capacity as attomey
for the party or parties hereto.
This verification is made subject to the penalties of 18 PA. C.S. Section 4904,
relating to unswom falsification to authorities which provides that, if I knowingly made
false averments, I may be subject to criminal penalties.
Date: J) 13/03
J0 ~[ ~
~UglaS Smith
. .
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
AND NOW, this 14th day of February, 2003, I, Gaye Crist, an employee of the
firm of Wix, Wenger & Weidner, attorneys for Defendant, hereby certify that I served the
within Defendant's Answer wnh New Matter to Plaintiffs ComplaInt this date by depositing
a copy of same In the United Slates mail, flOstage prapaid, In Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
addressed as follows:
Robert F. Claraval, Esquire
CLARA VAL & CLARA VAL
P.O. Box 11965
Harrisburg, PA 17108-1965
WIX, WENGER & WEIDNER
A~W
Gaye C st
;:}:~ ;.- ~ ;
:.0.-, .
~~--:;
~;
)i~ ...-'
L_(
5>(
t)
C-
::':-.l
-('
c:~)
','--,,_1
--'-1
'-.:'1
; C-')
- ""1
'i
'.!)
r~n
'.:J
(1)
::i~~
~''''''
D
=--<
-n
, ,
,..~
,"V
'D
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.
Plaintiff
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
v.
: NO. 02-3645
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
alkJa DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION - LA W
PLAINTIFF'S REPLY TO DEFENDANT'S NEW MATTER
17. Denied. Paragraph 17 is a conclusion of law to which no response is required.
18. Denied. Paragraph 18 is a conclusion of law to which no response is required.
Date: ~J ~O J 0:1
I
ROBER F. CLA
P.O. Box 11965
Hamsburg, P A 17108-1965
(717) 233-4780
Supreme Court I.D. #19222
By
Attorneys for Plaintiff
.
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.
Plaintiff
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
v.
: NO. 02-3645
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION - LA W
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that I have this day served a true and correct copy of the attached
Plaintiffs Reply to Defendant's New Matter by first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the
following person:
Richard H. Wix, Esq.
Wix, Wenger & Weidner
4705 Duke Street
Harrisburg, P A 17109-3099
CLARA VAL & CLARA VAL
Date:
a..l d-O { 0 3
By \)Q,h~ \D11i1MA~
DENISE I. WILLIAMS, Secretary
.
o
S
<-
-ol.t",
rnj:
Z~3:
Z!..
(f)c:
-< ,
r:: c..-
"
--
~~;2:
....
-':; Uj
o
(..J
."
r,-,
c5J
f',)
U'
~:l~
G'J
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.
Plaintiff
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
v.
: NO. 02-3645
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
a/k/a DOUGLAS E. SMITH,
Defendant
: CIVIL ACTION - LAW
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that I have this day served Plaintiff s Answers to Defendant's
Interrogatories - Set I, Plaintiffs Answers to Defendant's Interrogatories - Set II and Plaintiffs
Response to Defendant's Request for Production of Documents by first class mail, postage prepaid,
addressed to the following person:
Richard H. Wix, Esq.
Wix, Wenger & Weidner
4705 Duke Street
Harrisburg, PA 17109-3099
CLARAVAL& CLARAVAL
Date:
By
DENISE I. WILLIAMS, Secretary
/
.~
0 0 ()
c W -n
~ ~
~.
-UtI J:Zftll
rnn -:::'::J
Z 1'-.)
Z '-
~~~
r" ~.~ -r;.l
~
J:::..~...
L--
"'- c.,)
-' .....".-',
._~f
-, 0-
,,..) ::b
-<
ALLEN L. DOUDEN, JR.
Plaintiff
v,
DOUGLAS EDWARD SMITH
aIkIa DOUGLAS E, SMITH,
Defendant
TO THE PROTHONOTARY:
: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
: CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
: NO, 02-3645
: CIVIL ACTION - LAW
PRAECIPE
Please mark the above captioned action settled and discontinued,
Date:
IT)?J~
ROBERT F, CLARAVAL
500 North Third Street, 2nd Floor
Harrisburg, PA17101
(717) 233-4780
Supreme Court I.D, #19222
Attorneys for Plaintiff
~
e, ~
--o~ ~
n1f!-; en
:;?p -
if)}:; ~
~c:: -0
J<: n :J:
~ 2. c.a
~ a>
~
~~
~~
- ~