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HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-04812 . J ~ <( J " " , , t/I 7 " 1.1; ~ '- ~ <!) , , \ "-., , , \ \ ,) ~ ,. / I , ! I I I, " co " ~ ~ , , ~) . " HELEN E. GELSINGER Plaintiff v. I IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I I CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 'N - '" r IJ C",,;( IA.<........ RITE AIO CORPORATION, Defendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED NOTICE YOU HAVE BEEN SUED IN COURT. If you wish to detend against the claims .et forth in the following pages, you must take action within twenty (20) days after this Complaint and Notice are served, by entering a written appearance personally or by attorney and filing in writing with the Court your defenses or objections to the claims set forth against you. You are warned that if you fail to do so the case may proceed without you and a judgment may be entered against you by the Court without further notice for any money claimed in the Complaint or tor any other claim or relief requested by the Plaintift. You may lose money or property or other rights important t~ you. YOU SHOULD TAKE THIS PAPER TO YOUR LAWYER AT ONCE. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A LAWYER OR CANNOT AFFORD ONE, GO TO OR TELEPHONE THE OFFICE SET FORTH BELOW TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN GET LEGAL HELP. Court Administrator, 4th Fl. Cumberland County Courthouse One Courthouse Square CarliSle, PA 17013 240-6200 4985'/.... NOTICE La han demandado a usted en la corte. si usted quiere defenders. de estas demandas expuestas en las paqinas siquientes, usted ti.ne viente (30) dias de plazo al partir de la fecha de la demanda y la notificacion. Usted debe presentar una apariencia escrita 0 en persona 0 por aboqado y archivar en la corte en forma escrita sus defensas 0 sus objectiones alas demandas en contra de su persona. Sea avisado que 8i usted no se defiende, la corte tomara medidas y puede entrar una orden contra usted sin previa aviso 0 notificacion y por cualquier queja 0 alivio que es pedido en la peticion de demanda. Usted puede perder dinero 0 sus propiedades 0 otros derechos importantes para usted. LLEVE ESTA DEMANDA A UN ABODAGO INMEDIATAMENTA. 51 NO TIENE ABODAGO 0 SI NO TIENE EL DINERO SUFICIENTE DE PAGAR TAL SERVICIO, VAYA EN PERSONA 0 LLAME POR TELEFONO A LA OFICINA CUYA DIRECCION SE ENCUENTRA ESCRITA ABAJO PARA AVERIGUAR DON DE SE PUEDE CONSEGUIR ASISTENCIA LEGAL. Court Administrator, 4th Fl. Cumberland County Courthouse One Courthouse square Carlisle, PA 17013 240-6200 HELEN E. GELSINGER Plaintiff v. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION ~ LAW NO. ,/'1- ,/,PI.J- (:,,;.1 'r,.~.. RITE AID CORPORATION, Defendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED COMPIAINT 1. Plaintiff Helen Gelsinger is an adult residing in Chambersburg, Franklin County, Penneylvania. 2. Defendant Rite Aid Corporation is a profit-making corporation whose headquarters is located in Shiremanstown, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. 3. In August, 1993, Helen Gelsinger underwent major open heart surgery to replace a faulty heart valve. As a result of the surgery and valve replacement, her treating physician placed Helen Gelsinger on Coumadin. a blood thinner, for the balance of her life. 4. On October 13, 1993, Helen Gelsinger brought her physician's prescription for Coumadin, 2 milligram tablets, to a Rite Aid pharmacy located on 39 Warm Springs Road, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. 5. The Rite Aid Pharmacy 112275 at Warm Springs Road, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania is owned, operated and controlled by Defendant Rite Aid Corporation. 6. Defendant Rite Aid has the Pharmacy License for said pharmacy and employed the pharmacists therein. 7. On October 13, 1993 the Rite Aid Pharmacy gave Helen Gelsinger a prescription bottle labeled "Coumadin 2 mg. tablets." However, unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, the bottle labeled 2 milligram tablets actually contained 12 milligram Coumadin tablets. five times the amount required by her physician's prescription. 49851/'" 8. unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, but surely within the knowledge of the dispensing pharmacist, Coumadin tablets are color coded and nulllbered by the manufacturer. A 2 milligram tablet is gray with the nulllber 2 elllbedded in the pill. A 10 milligram tablet is white with the nulllber 10 olllbedded in the pill. 9. Despite the very obvious visual differences between a 2 milligram and a 10 milligram Coumadin tablet, the Rite Aid employee put white pills with the number 10 into a bottle which he had just labeled "Coumadin 2 mgs." 10. On October 28, 1993, Helen Gelsinger woke up with blood in her mouth from bleeding in her gums which she could not stop. Her physician was concerned enough to hospitalized her in an attempt to regulate her coagulation. 11. While in tho hospital utilizing coumadin dispensed by the hospital pharmacy. Mrs. Gelsinger's coagulation stabilized at a prothrombin time of 18.3 seconds. 12. On November 11, following her discharge from the hospital and resumption of use of the Rite Aid prescription, Mrs. Gelsinger'S prothrombin time rose to 42.3 seconds, more than three times the therapeutic range. 13. Over the next several weeks, Mrs. Gelsinger was unable to regulate her coagulation despite stopping and restarting the coumadin prescription. Consequently, even though Mrs. Gelsinger's heart had returned to normal and she had no symptoms related to her heart surgery, her physician did not feel she could return to work. 14. The inability to return to work and to regulate her blood thinners was very disturbing to Mrs. Gelsinger given her recent serious 2 heart operation and the knowledge she would have to use blood thinners for the rest of her life. 15. As a direct result of Defendants supplying the wrong dosage of her pre8cribed medication, Helen Gelsinger has 8uffered the followinq damag8s1 (a) a loss of earnings, (b) a loss of earning capacity, (c) present and future pain, SUffering and anxiety, (d) present and future medical expenses, (e) a loss of life's pleasures I COUNT I - NEGLIGENCE 16. Paragraphs 1 through 15 are incorporated herein by reference. Defendant Rite Aid is liable to Helen Gelsinger for the injuries alleged herein which were directly and proximally caused by Defendant'. negligencG and/or gross negligence in: (a) dispensing a drug to Mrs. Gelsinger which was not in the dosage pres~~ibed by her physician; (b) mislabeling Helen Gelsinger's medication to indicate 2 milligram tablets when 10 milligram tablets were contained therein; (c) providing 10 milligram tablets to a patient which Defendant knew or should have known exceeded the patient's appropriate dosage, (d) failing to have in place sufficient procedures and protocols to assure that the proper drug wall dispensed in a proper dosage as defined by the physician'S prescription; ee) failing to read their own label and recognize that a white 10 milligram tablet was not a gray 2 milligram table of coumadin, 3 (f) failing to observe the color differences between 2 and 10 milligram tablets, (g) employing a pharmacist who violated the Pharmacy Act, 63 P.S. 5390-4, ~nd 390-5(8), 390-5(11) and 390-5(12). (h) violating the regulations of the Pennsylvania Pharmacy Board concerning the dispensing of medications in a manner exactly consistent with the prescription written by a physician; (i) violating FDA regulations regarding the proper labeling of pharmaceutical products; (j) violating FDA regulations regarding consistency of the medications dispensed by retailers to the physician's and manufacturer's requirements; and (k) violating Rite Aid's own internal policy and protocol regarding the checking of the dispensed medication to assure performance with the physician's order. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for judgment against Defendant in an amount in excess of Twenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollars, exclusive of interest and costs, and in excess of any jurisdictional amount requiring compulsory arbitration. COUNT II - RES IPSA LOQUITUR 17. Paragraphs 1 through 15 are incorporated herein by reference. 18. Defendant is also liable under the Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur since the dispensing of a prescription drug by a pharmacy i. completely and exclusively under the pharmacy's control and the pharmacy could not possibly put a 10 milligram pill in a bottle labeled and, prescribed for 2 milligrams, in the absence of negligence on the part of its employees. 4 WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for judgment against Defendant in an amount in excess of Twenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollars, exclusive of interest and costs, and in excess of any jurisdictional amount requiring compulsory arbitration. COUNT 111- UCC STRICT LIABILITY 19. Paragraphs 1 through 15 are incorporated herein by reference, 20. Defendant Rite Aid is also strictly liable to Plaintiff under the Uniform Commercial Code warranty of merchantability, 13 Pa. C.S.A. 2314 and the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, 13 Pa. C.S.A. 52315 by selling Plaintiff a product which did not conform with her written prescriptions. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for judgment against Defendant in an amount in excess of Twenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollars, exclusive of interest and costs, and in excess of any jurisdictional amount requiring compulsory arbitration. COUNT IV - EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 21. Paragraphs 1 through 15 and Counts I, II, and III are incorporated herein by reference. 22. Prescription drugs, by their nature, present significant risks of harm to the consumer unless prescribed in the specific manner regulated by both the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the United States government. The public must, by necessity, obtain prescription drugs through a pharmacy. 23. Coumadin, a potent blood thinner, can and does cause significant risks of harm to its users, including death and .erious personal injury. It is only safe when taken in the dosage prescribed by the treating physician. Coumadin is only legally available through a 5 Licensed Pharmacy. 24. The manutacturer ot Coumadin provides clear color coding ot its pills to avoid any misunderstanding as to their dosage. The color coding and numbering ot such pills is obvious and well known to pharmacists who job it is to dispense such medication in the proper dosage to their customers. 2~. For Rite Aid to dispense to Helen Gelsinger, a recent heart surgery patient, a bottle of Coumadin labeled 2 milligrams then till it with 10 milligram tablets which are clearly the wrong color and wrong number is gross negligence rising to the level ot reckless disregard tor the satety ot its customers. 26. Dispensing mislabeled drugs is a violation ot the Pennsylvania Pharmacy Act and Federal and state regulatory bodies which also justities the imposition of exemplary damages. WHEREFORE, Detendant prays tor a judgment against Defendant tor exemplary damages In an amount as the jury deems appropriate. ANGINO & ROVNER, P.C. / /) ~ Te!"y s. Hyt11 .,""-P:squire I.D. No.. 3gaO; 4503 N.r" }'ront. street Harris!.\.urg, .PA 17110 (717) 238"'6791 Counsel tor Plaintitt 6 VERIFICATION I, HELEN GELSINGER, do hereby swear and attirm that the tacts set torth in the toregoing document are true and correct to the best ot my knowledge, intormation and beliet. I understand that this veritication is made subject to the penalties ot 18 Pa.C.S. S 4904, relating to unsworn talsitication to authorities. WITNESS: '--1fltLkdA. tlJ Pw (~ Dated: ~/?Sl)'1 Hidh,5'~ HELEN GELSINGER . HELEN E. GELSINGER, Plalntitt v. I IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I I NO. 94-4812 I CIVIL ACTION - LAW RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC., I d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, JURY TRIAL DEMANDED Detendant C?RDER AND NOW, on this ____ day ot , 1994, upon consideration ot Detendant Rite Aid of Pennsylvania, Inc., d/b/a Rite Aid Pharmacy's Preliminary Objections to Plaintitt's Amended Complaint: IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendant's Preliminary Objections are granted and Count III is stricken trom Plaintitt' s Amended Complaint. BY THE COURT: J. 4. In her Amended Complaint, Plaintiff alleges that Detendant-pharmacy misfilled a prescription for Coumadin, a blood thinner, causing her physical and emotional injury. r. DEMURRER TO COUNT III 5. Pennsylvania Rule of civil Procedure 1028(a) (4) provides that a defendant may file preliminary objections in the nature ot a demurrer. 6. Plaintiff has demanded punitive damages in Count III of her Amended Complaint. 7. Specifically, Plaintiff alleges in Count III that Defendant's misfill of Plaintiff's prescription was "gross negligence rising to the level of reckless disregard for the safety of its customers." (See Paragraph 24 of Plaintiff's Amended Complaint. ) 8. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in relevant case law therein, establishes that punitive damages may only be awarded in cases where defendant's conduct is egregious, outrageous, wanton, willful, performed with evil motive or reckless indifference to the rights of others. Negligent or even grossly negligent conduct on the part of the defendant will not support a claim for punitive damages. 9. Plaintiff has failed to aver any conduct on the part of Defendant that rises to the standard warranting punitive damages. - 2 - v. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 94-4812 HELEN E. GELSINGER Plaintiff RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC. d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Defendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED NOTICE YOU HAVE BEEN SUED IN COURT. If you wish to detend against the claims set forth in the following pages, you must take action within twenty (20) days after this Complaint and Notice are served, by entering a written appearance personally or by attorney and filing in writing with the Court your defenses or objections to the claims set forth against you. You are warned that if you fail to do so the case may proceed without you and a judgment may be entered against you by the Court wIthout further notice for any money claimed in the Complaint or for any other claim or relief requested by the Plaintitt. You may lose money or property or other rights important to you. YOU SHOULD TAKE THIS PAPER TO YOUR LAWYER AT ONCE. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A LAWYER OR CANNOT AFFORD ONE, GO TO OR TELEPHONE THE OFFICE SET FORTH BELOW TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN GET LEGAL HELP. Court Administrator, 4th Fl. Cumberland county Courthouse One Courthouse square Carlisle, PA 17013 240-6200 v. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 94-4812 HELEN E. GELSINGER Plaintiff RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.: d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Defendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED AMENDED COMPLAINT 1. Plaintiff Helen Gelsinger is an adult residing in Chambersburg, Franklin county, Pennsylvania. 2. Defendant Rite Aid Corporation is a profit-making corporation whose headquarters iR located in Shiremanstown, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. 3. In August, 1993, Helen Gelsinger underwent major open heart surgery to replace a faulty heart valve. As a result of the surgery and valve replacement, her treating physician placed Helen Gelsinger on CClumadin, a blood thinner, for the balance of her life. 4. On October 13, 1993, Helen Gelsinger brought her physician's prescription for Coumadin, 2 milligram tablets, to a Rite Aid pharmacy located on 39 Warm Springs Road, Chambersburg, PennsylvanIa. 5. The Rite Aid Pharmacy j/2275 at Warm Springs Road, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania is owned, operated and controlled by Defendant Rite Aid corporation. 6. Detendant Rite Aid has the Pharmacy License for said 49851/MMP pharmacy and employed the pharmacists therein. 7. On October 13, 1993 the Rite Aid Pharmacy qave Helen Gelsinger a prescript:.on bottle labeled "Coumadin 2 mg. tablets." However, unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, the bottle labeled 2 milligram tablets actually contained l.Q milLigram coumadin tablets, five times the amount required by her physician's prescription. 8. Unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, but surely within the knowledge of the dispensing pharmacist, coumadin tablets are color coded and numbered by the manufacturer. A 2 milligram tablet is gray with the number 2 embedded in the pill. A 10 milligram tablet is white with the number 10 embedded in the pIll. 9. Despite the very obvious visual differences between a 2 milligram and a 10 milligram Coumadin tablet, the Rite Aid employee put white pills with the number 10 into a bottle which he had just labeled "Coumadin 2 mqs." 10. On October 28, 1993, Helen Gelsinger woke up with blood in her mouth from bleeding in her gums which she could not stop. Her physician was concerned enough to hospitalized her in an attempt to regulate her coagulation. 11. While in the hospital utilizing Coumadin dispensed by the hospital pharmacy, Mrs. Gelsinger's coagulation stabilized at a prothrombin time of 18.3 seconds. 12. On November 11, following her discharge from the hospital and resumption of use of the Rite Aid prescription, Mrs. Gelsinger's prothrombin time rose to 42.3 seconds, more than three times the therapeutic range. 13. Over the next several weeks, Mrs. Gelsinger was unable to regulate her coagulation despite stopping and restarting the Coumadin prescription. Consequently, even though Mrs. Gelsinger's heart had returned to normal and she had no symptoms related to her heart surgery, her physician did not feel she could return to work. 14. The inability to return to work and to regulate her blood thinners was very disturbing to Mrs. Gelsinger given her recent serious heart operation and the knowledge she would have to use blood thinners for the rest of her life. 15. As a direct result of Defendants supplying the wrong dosage of her prescribed medication, Helen Gelsinger has suftered the following damages: (a) a loss of earnings; (b) a loss of earning capacity; (c) present and future pain, sufferIng and anxiety; (d) present and future medical expenses; (e) a loss of life's pleasures: COUNT I - NEGLIGENCE 16. Paragraphs 1 through 15 are incorporated herein by reference. Defendant Rite Aid is liable to Helen Gelsinger tor the injurIes alleged herein which were directly and proximally caused by Detendant's negligence and/or gross negligence in: (a) dispensing a drug to Mrs. Gelsinger whj,ch was not in the dosage prescribed by her physician: (b) mislabeling Helen Gelsinger's medication to indicate 2 milligram tablets when 10 milligram tablets were contained therein, (c) providing 10 milligram tablets to a patient which Defendant knew or should have known exceeded the patient's appropriate dosage, (d) failing to have in place sufficient procedures and protocols to assure that the proper drug was dispensed in a proper dosage as defined by the physician's prescription: (el failing to read their own label and recognize that a whIte 10 milligram tablet was not a gray 2 milligram table of coumadin: (f) failing to observe the color differences between 2 and 10 milligram tablets: (g) employing a pharmacist who violated the Pharmacy Act, 63 P.S. ~390-4, and 390-5(B), 390-5(11) and 390-5(12). (h) violating the regulations of the Pennsylvania Pharmacy Board concerning the dispensing of medications found in 49 Pa. Code ~ 27.3.2, 27.14, 27.18 (d), (p) and (r) (4), 27.19 and 27.32 : Food, (i) violating section 502(a) and 201(m) of the Federal Drug and Cosmetic Act regarding the mislabeling of pharmaceutical products I (j) violating 35 P. S. 780-102 and 780-ll3 (a) regulations regarding consistency of the medications dispensed by retailers to the physician's and manufacturer's requirements I and (k) viOlating Rite Aid's own internal policy and protocol regarding the checking of the dispensed medIcation to assure performance with the physician's order. 17. The dispensing of a prescription drug by a pharmacy is completely and exclusively under the pharmacy's control and the pharmacy could not possibly put a 10 milligram pill in a bottle labeled and prescribed for 2 milligrams, in the absence ot negligence on the part of its employees. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for judgment agaInst Defendant in an amount in excess of Twenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollars, exclusive of Interest and costs, and in excess of any jurIsdictional amount requiring compulsory arbitration. COUNT 11- UCC STRICT LIABILITY 18. Paragraphs 1 through 15 are incorporated herein by reference. 19. Detendant Rite Aid is also strictly lIable to Plaintitt under the Uniform Commercial Code warranty of merchantabIlity, 13 Pa. C.S.A. 2314 and the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, 13 Pa. C.S.A. ~2315 by selling Plaintiff a product which did not conform with her written prescriptions. WHEREFORE, Plaintitf prays for judgment against Oetendant J.n an amount in excess of Twenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollars, exclusive ot interest and costs, and in excess of any jurisdictional amount requiring compulsory arbitration. COUNT III - EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 20. Paragraphs 1 through 15 and Counts I and II are incorporated herein by reference. 21. Prescription drugs, by their nature, present significant risks of harm to the consumer unless prescribed in the specific manner regulated by both the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the UnIted states qovernment. The public must, by necessity, obtain prescription drugs through a pharmacy. 22. Coumadin, a potent blood thinner, can and does cause signi.ficant risks of harm to its users, including death and serious personal injury. It is only safe when taken in the dosage prescribed by the treating physician. Coumadin is only legally available through a Licensed Pharmacy. 23. The manufacturer of Coumadin provides clear color coding of its pills to avoid any misunderstanding as to their dosage. The color coding and numbering of such pills is obvIous and well known to pharmacists who jOb it is to dispense such medIcatIon in the proper dosage to their customers. 24. For Rite Aid to dispense to Helen Gelsinger, a recent heart surgery patient, a bottle of Coumadin labeled 2 milligrams VERIFI~ATION I, HELEN GELSINGER, do hereby swear and affirm that the tacts set torth in the toregoing document are true and correct to the best ot my knowledge, intormation and beliet. I understand that thia veritication Is made subject to the penalties ot 18 Pa.C.S. t 4904, relatIng to unsworn falsification to authorities. WITNESS: -mil L ~ I. &. ni /2.u ~ _. Dated: IoN /?1 ti~ E' ~ HE GELSINGER CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE AND NOW, this 4th day of october, 1994, I, Michelle M. prucnal, an employee ot Angino & Rovner, P.C., do hereby certity that I have served a true and correct copy of the PLAINTIFF'S AMENDED COMPLAINT in the United states mail, postage prepaid at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, addressed as follows: Sarah A. Arosell, Esquire THOMAS, THOMAS & HAFER 305 N. Front Street Harrisburg, PA 17108-0999 Attorney for Defendant . ~.~- ~prucnal II. '~A~"IMT O' OUI.TIOH PRI.IMTIDI A. au PLAIMTU' rAILID TO .TAT. A OLAIK ,oa nlCB 'I'B. alLU' 0' PUIIITIVI DAIlAGI. OAII .. GIlAIlTID .ICAU.. 'B. 'AIL' TO PLIAD .U'.IOIIIT 'AOT. WHICB WOULD .uppoa'l' A 'IIIDIIIG TIlAT DI'IIIDAIIT ACTlD WITB IIVIL HOTlVI oa aICILI.. IIIDI"IRIHCI TO THI PLAIITI'." RIGHT" (suggested answer: Yes) nI. UGVIIIITI A. PLAIMTI" BAS .AILID TO .TATI A CLAIK 'OR nICH THI RILU. O. PUHITIVI DUAGI. CAlI .1 GIlAIlTID .ICAU.I .HI .AILS TO PLIAD SU..ICIIIT 'ACTS WHICH WOULD SUPPORT A 'INDING TIlAT DI.INDlUIT ACTIlD WITH IIVIL IIMIV. OR RICKLISS INDI..IRINCI TO. THI PLAINTI"'S RIGHTS. Pennsylvania is a fact pleading state and as such requires that the pleadings do more than merely give notice of the charges to be defended. ~ Pa. R.C.P. 1019; Baker v. Ranaos, 229 Pa. Super. 33, 324 A.2d 498 (1974). Additionally, although Pa. R.C.P. 1019(b) allows a condition of mind to be averred generally, that section was not meant to eliminate the requirement ot pleading the tactual circumstances giving rise to an inference as to the state ot mind ot the actor. ~ Ammluna v. Platt, 224 Pa. Super. 47, 302 A.2d 491 (1973). There are no facts alleged in Plaintitt' s Amended Complaint which would give rise to an inference. that Defendant-pharmacy's conduct rose to the level ot evil motive or reckless indifterence to the rights of others as opposed to mere negligence tor which punitive or exemplary damages cannot be awarded. - 2 - The tactual allegations imputing wrongdoing to Detendant Rite Aid are set torth in Paragraphs 7 - 9 ot Plaintift's Amended Complaint as tollows: 7. On October 13, 1993 the Rite Aid Pharmacy gave Helen Gelsinger a prescription bottle labeled "Coumadin 2 mg. tablets." However, unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, the bottle labeled 2 milligram tablets actually contained 10 milligram coumadin tablets, five times the amount required by her physician's prescription. 8. Unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, but surely within the knowledge ot the dispensing pharmacist, coumadin tablets are color coded and numbered by the manutacturer. A 2 milligram tablet is gray with the number 2 embedded in the pill. A 10 milligram tablet is white with the number 10 embedded in the pill. 9. Despite the very obvious visual ditterences between a 2 milligram and 10 milligram Coumadin tablet, the Rite Aid employee put white pills with the number 10 into a bottle which he had just labeled "Coumadin 2 mgs." These factual averments are repeated, albeit not verbatim, in Count I ot Plaintiff's Amended Complaint, entitled "Negligence" and in Count III entitled "Exemplary Damages," followed by the self- serving legal conclusions that Defendant' misfill ot Plaintiff's prescription was "gross negligence rising to the level of reckless dIsregard for the safety of its customers" and a violation ot Federal and stllte statutes and regulations "which also justifies the imposition ot exemplary damages." (See Paragraphs 16, 24 and 25 ot Plaintiff's Amended Complaint, attached as Exhibit "A" to Oetendant's Preliminary Objections). The Courts ot this Commonwealth have consistently held that punitive damages will only be awarded to punish conduct "that is so - 3 - outraqeous as to rise to the level ot intentional, willtul, wanton or reckless conduct". ~ Restatement (Second) ot Torts section 908(2); Abadie v. Riddle Memorial HosDital, 404 Pa. Super. 8, 15, 1589 A.2d 1143,1146 (1991); Martin v. Johns-Manville CorD., 508 Pa. 154, 494 A.2d 1088 (1985). The award ot punitive damaqes is appropriate to punish and deter only extreme behavior and is justltiable in rare instances subject to the strict control ot the court. Martin v. Johns-Manville CorD.,~. Ordinary negliqence alone is not sutficient to sustain an award ot punitive damages. Chambers v. Montaomerv, 411 Pa. 339, 192 A.2d 355 (1963); McDaniel v. Merck. Share & Dome, 367 Pa. Super. 600, 623, 533 A.2d 436, 447 (1987), .11m. W. 520 Pa. 589, 551 A.2d 215 (1988). Punitive damaqes are not justified where the defendant's mental state rises to no more than gross negligence. SHV Coal v. Continental Grain ~, 526 Pa. 489, 587 A.2d 703, 705 (1991). Only if there has been conduct which is contrary to the Plaintitf's interest and involves evil motive or reckless inditference to the Plaintitf's well-being may punitive damages be awarded. Chambers v. Montaomerv, sUDra; ~ Alag Schecter v. Watkins, 395 Pa. Super. 363, 383, 577 A.2d 585, 595 (1990). Since Plaintiff has failed to plead evil motive on the part ot Defendant Rite Aid Pharmacy, this court must determine whether Plaintitf has sufficiently alleged facts which would support the conclusion that the behavior of the Defendant-pharmacy constituted "reckless indifference to the rights ot others". - 4 - Pennsylvania courts have adopted the standard tor reokless or wanton misconduct set torth in section !500 ot the Restatement (Seoond) ot Torts. ~ Parker v. Jones, 423 Pa. 15, 20, 223 A.2d 229, 232 (1966); Evans v. PhiladelDhia TransDortation ComDanv, 418 Pa. 567, 574, 212 A.2d 440, 444 (1965); Junk v. East End Fire pepartment, 262 Pa. Super. 473, 4Bl-482, 396 A.2d 1269, 1273 (1978). section 500 of the Restatement (Second) of Torts provides: The actor's conduct is in reckless disregard ot the satety of another if he does an act or intentionally fails to do an act which it is his duty to the other to do, knowing or having reason to know ot facts which would lead a reasonable man to realize, not only that his conduct creates an unreasonable risk ot physical harm to another, but also that such risk is substantially greater than that which is necessary to make his conduct negligent. Comment b of Section 500 of the Restatement ot Torts provides turther: PerceDtion of risk. Conduct cannot be in reckless disreqard of the safetv of others unless the act or omission is itself intended, notwithstanding that the actor knows of facts which would lead any reasonable man to realize the extreme risk to which is subjects the safety of others. (Emphasis added). Comment g of Section 500 of the Restatement of Torts provIdes turther: Nealiaence and recklessness contrasted. Reckless misconduct ditfers from negligence in several important particulars. It differs from that form ot negligence which consists in mere inadvertence, incompetence, unskillfulness, or a failure to take precautions to enable the actor adequately to cope with a possible or probable future emergency, in that reckless misconduct reauires a conscious choice ot a course ot action, either with knowledge of the serious danger to others involved in it or with knowledge of tacts which would disclose - 5 - this danger to any reasonable man added) . Comment e ot section 500 ot the Restatement ot Torts provides . (Emphaais further I violation ot statute. The mere tact that certain precautions are required by a statute rather than the common law does not ot itselt make the intentional omission ot the statutory precaution reckless inditterence to the satety of others. In order that the breach ot the statute constitute reckless disregard tor the satety of those for whose protection it is enacted, the statute must not only be intentionally violated, but the precautions required must be such that their omission will be recognized as involving a high degree ot probability that serious harm will result... (Emphasis added). The detendant's state ot mind is vital because the act or the tailure to act in reckless disregard of the satety ot others must be conscious and intended in order to sustain a cause ot action tor punitive damages. ~ Martin v. Johns-Manville CorD., SUDra 494 A.2d 1088 (1985) (In deciding whether punitive damages are assessable, the motive tor the tort feasor's act must be taken into account, not just the nature ot the act itself); ~aro v. Reminaton Arms Co.. Inc., 432 Pa. Super. 60, 637 A.2d 983, 989 (1993) (WhIle the element of knowledge or intention is irrelevant to a claim tor strict liability, it is particularly relevant in the context ot a claim tor punitive damages); Pittsburah Live. Inc. V. Servov, 419 Pa. Super. 423, 615 A.2d 438, 442 (1992) (To justlty the award ot punitive damages, there must be acts of malice, vindictiveness and a wholly wanton disregard ot the rights ot others). - 6 - plaintitt attempts to obviate the requirement to plead intent or conscious disregard by concluding in Paragraph 25 that a violation ot Federal and state statutes and regulations, more specifically the Pennsylvania Pharmacy Act, Regulations promulgated by the PA Pharmacy Board, the Pennsylvania Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act and the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act justities the impodtion of exemplary damages. As set torth above, in Comment e ot Section 500 of the Restatement ot Torts, the statute must be intentionally violated to make omission ot a statutory precaution reckless indifference to the safety ot others. In this case, Plaintiff has failed to aver any conduct on the part ot Detendant Rite Aid which rises to the level whIch would support an award of punitive damages pursuant to the standards ot Restatement (Second) of Torts Sections 90B(2) and 500. Plaintitt avers no tacts within her Amended Complaint that evidence Detendant Rite Aid's outrageous conduct, performed with intentional, willtul, wanton or evil motive or in conscious reckless disregard tor the satety ot Plaintiff. The alleged facts, it proven at trial, may establish inadvertence, incompetence, unskillfulness, i.e., ordinary negligence, but they certainly do not establish egregious conduct to support a claim for punitive damages. The appropriate remedy in casos where the complaint tails to state a claim for which relief may be granted is to sustain the preliminary objections. In Cumberland County, claims for punitive damages have been struck when the plaintifts have tailed to allege - 7 - .-A" _, , ... i' I 'l.,; \;,'. I" . <I .' .. ~ ." ,~ 4~ 1',. "~I' " " ,f r:. r I . ), \,' , J. .. v. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 94-4812 HELEN E. GELSINGER Plaintiff RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.: d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Defendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED PLAINTIFF'S BRIEF IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA. INC. d/b/a/ RITE AID PHARMACY'S PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS TO THE AMENDED COMPLAlHI Facts and Procedural History: On October 13, 1993, Helen Gelsinger brought her physician's prescription for Coumadin 2 mg tablets to a Rite Aid pharmacy. At that time, the Rite Aid Pharmacy gave Helen a prescrIption bottle labeled Coumadin 2 mg tablets. However, the bottle actually contained 10 mg coumadin tablets, five times the amount prescribed by her physician. Coumadin tablets are color coded and numbered by the manufacturer. The 2 milligram tablet is gray with the number "2" embedded in the pill. A 10 milligram table is white wIth the number "10" embedded in the pill. Despite the very obvious differences, a Rite Aid employee put white pills with the number 10 into a bottle which she had just labeled Coumadin 2 mg. As a result of Defendant's conduct, Helen Gelsinger suffered bleeding from her gums and was unable to regulate her coagulation. As a result of her injuries, Mrs. Gelsinger also suffered some work loss. On or about October 4, 1994, Plaintiff initiated suit against S7302lMMP Defendant Rite Aid Corporation tor supplyin9 the wrong dosage ot her prescribed medication. A~ part ot this suit, Plaintiff brought a claim for punitive damages averring facts in the Complaint of Defendant's outrageous conduct. Defendant tiled Preliminary objections to this Complaint on September 20, 1994. In response, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint on October 4, 1994. On October 18, 1994, Defendant Rite Aid Corporation filed Preliminary objections to the Amended Complaint challenging tho punitive damages claim. Arqument: It is well established that before Preliminary Objections in the nature of a demurer can be sustained, the Defendant must meet a substantial burden. A demurrer admits every pleaded material fact set forth as well as inferences reasonably deductible therefrom, but not conclusions of law. Bartanus v. Lee, 332 Pa. Super. 48, 480 A.2d 1170 (1984). It tests the legal sufficiency of the challenged complaint and will be sustained only in cases where the pleader has clearly failed to state a claim for which relief may be granted. Creeger Brick v. Mid-state Bank, 385 Pa. Super. 30, 560 A.2d 151 (1989). If there is any doubt as to whether a claim has been stated, 'che demurrer should be overruled. Bondas v. UDDer Saucon Townshi~, 127 Pa. Cmwlth. 378, 361 A.2d 1290 (1989). The standard for punitive damages as adopted by the 2 is necessary to make his conduct negligent. au, Martin v. Johns-Manville CorD., 508 Pa. 154, 494 A.2d 1088, 1095 (1985). The definition of reckless indifference requires a two fold analysis. First, the Defendant must know or have reason to know at facts to create a high degree of risk at personal harm to the consumer. Second, the Defendant must deliberately proc~ed to act in conscious disregard of the risk. The requisite mental state is present where the Defendant had the knowledge of the hIgh degree of risk involved. Field v. PhiladelDhia Elec. Co., 388 Pa. Super. 400, 565 A.2d 1170, 1182 (1989). In Field, the superior Court stated that the reckless mental state was present, thus warranting the claim for punitive damages, where the Complaint alleged that the worker told supervisors at the power company that it was dangerous to operate a reactor while remedying the standing water problem in an off-gas pipe tunnel, and despite this knowledge, Defendant intentionally vented steam activating the reactor while the Plaintiff was remedying the standing water problem. Field, 565 A.2d at 1183. Additionally, in Georae v. Caravan EXDress. Inc., 9 D. & C. 4th, 593 (C.P. Lafayette CO. 1990), plaintiff satisfactorily alleged the r.eckless state of mind where the Complaint stated that the Defendant was "negligent, careless and reckless' [i]n failing 4 to train and instruct its servant, agent, employee . . . in proper methods and procedures of operating a tractor trailer combination. III This allegation was enough to satisfy the standard of a claim for punitive damages. ~ The Federal District Court in Moser v. Bosti tch Di v. ot Textron. Inc., has also permitted a claim tor punitive damages to be asserted where the Complaint sufficiently averred tacts ot the Defendant's outrageous conduct. In applying Pennsylvania law, this court held that the statements of the Complaint alleging that the Plaintiff was injured when a piece of wire holding rooting nails together in a nailer came out and penetrated his eye satisfied the standard of punitive damages so as to support this claim. Moser v. Bostitch Div. of Textron. Inc., 609 F.Supp. 917 (W.D. Pa. 1985). Punitive damages have been awarded in other situations such as a bank using a customer's information to the detriment of a customer Delahantv v. First pennsvlvania Bank N.A., 318 Pa. Super. 90,464 A.2d 1243 (1983); drunken driving on a city street Focht v. Rabada, 217 Pa. Super. 35, 268 A.2d 157 (1970); a failure to give a plaintiff copies of her medical records pierce v. Penman, 357 Pa. Super. 225, 515 A.2d 948 (1986); failing to take care of a patient who was left lying on a cold floor for two hours even though there was no additional physical injury Hoffman v. Memorial OsteoDathic HOSD., 342 Pa. Super. 375, 492 A.2d 1382 (1985); false arrest tor 5 shoplifting Dalev v. John Wanamaker. Inc., 317 Pa. Super. 348, 464 A.2d 355 (1983) I and, recklessly stating that a tootball player had a fatal disease Chuv v. PhiladelDhia Eaales Football C~, 595 F.2d 1265 (3d Cir. 1979) I Medvecz v. Choi, 569 F.2d 1221 (3d Cir. 1977). In the present case, Helen Gelsinger suffered severe injurIes as a result of the careless and reckless acts of Defendant Rite Aid pharmacy and its employees. The Amended Complaint alleges facts to support Defendant's awareness of the facts to create a high degree of risk of personal harm to the consumer. Amended Complaint provides: 6. Defendant Rite Aid has the Pharmacy License for said pharmacy and employed the pharmacists therein. specifically, the 8. Unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, but surely within the knowledge of the dispensing pharmacist, Coumadin tablets are color coded and numbered by the manufacturer. A 2 milligram tablet is gray with the number 2 embedded in the pill. A 10 milligram tablet is white with the number 10 embedded in the pill. 22. Coumadin, a potent blood thinner, can and does cause significant risks of harm to its users, inclUding death and serious personal injury. It is only safe when taken in the dosage prescribed by the treating physician. Coumadin is only legally available through a Licensed Pharmacy. 23. The manufacturer of Coumadin provides clear color coding of its pills to avoid any misunderstanding as to their dosage. The color coding and numbering of such pillS is obvious and well known to pharmacists who jOb it is to dispense such medicatIon in the proper dosage to their customers. As tha Amended Complaint states, the Defendant possesses the 6 requisite knowledge of the hlgh degree ot risk. The Defendant is a licensed pharmacy with trained individuals who handle drugs such as Coumadin on a daily basis. The Defendant is aware ot the effects of such medication if taken in improper doses. Thus, the Defendant knew or had reason to know of the risks to the consumer associated with supplying and dispensing the wrong medication. The Amended Complaint further alleges the Detendant's conscious disregard of that risk. specifically, it states: 7. On October 13, 1993 the Rite Aid Pharmacy gave Helen Gelsinger a prescription bottle labeled "Coumadin 2 mg. tablets." However, unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, the bottle labeled 2 milligram tablets actually contained l.Q milligram Coumadin tablets, five times the amount required by her physicIan's prescription. 9. Despite the very obvious visual differences between a 2 milligram and a 10 milligram Coumadin tablet, the Rite Aid employee put white pills wIth the number 10 into a bottle whIch he had just labeled "Coumadin 2 mgs." Moreover, subparts (b), (c), (e), (f), (h), (h), and (i) of paragraph 16 and paragraph 24 provide: (b) mislabeling Helen GelsInger's medication to indicate 2 milligram tablets when 10 milligram tablets were contained therein, (c) providing 10 milligram tablets to a patient which Defendant knew or should have known exceeded the patient's appropriate dosage; ***.. (e) failing to read their own label and recognize that a white 10 milligram tablet was not a gray 2 milligram table of coumadin, (f) failing to observe the color difterences between 2 and 10 milligram tablets; (g) employing a pharmacist who violated the 7 HELEN E. GELSINGER plaintiff IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA v. CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 94-4812 RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.: d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Defendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED AMENDED COMPLAINT 1. Plaintiff Helen Gelsinger is an adult residing in Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. 2. Defendant Rite Aid corporation is a profit-making corporation whose headquarters is located in Shiremanstown, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. 3. In August, 1993, Helen Gelsinger underwent major open heart surgery to replace a faulty heart valve. As a result of the surgery and valve replacement, her treating physician placed Helen Gelsinger on Coumadin, a blood thinner, for the balance of her life. 4. On October 13, 1993, Helen Gelsinger brought her physician's prescription for Coumadin, 2 milligram tablets, to a Rite Aid pharmacy located on 39 Warm Springs Road, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. 5. The Rite Aid Pharmacy #2275 at Warm Springs Road, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania is owned, operated and controlled by Defendant Rite Aid corporation. 6. De fendant Rite Aid has the Pharmacy License for said 49851/MMP pharmacy and employed the pharmacists therein. 7. On October 13, 1993 the Rite Aid Pharmacy gave Helen Gelsinger a prescription bottle labeled "Coumadin 2 mg. tablets." However, unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, the bottle labeled 2 milligram tablets actually contained .JJ!. milligram Coumadin tablets, five times the amount required by her physician's prescription. 8. Unbeknownst to Helen Gelsinger, but surely within the knowledge of the dispensing pharmacist, Coumadin tablets are color coded and numbered by the manufacturer. A 2 milligram tablet is gray with the number 2 embedded in the pill. A 10 milligram tablet is white with the number 10 embedded in the pill. 9. Despite the very obvious visual differences between a 2 milligram and a 10 milligram Coumadin tablet, the Rite Aid employee put white pills with the number 10 into a bottle which he had just labeled "Coumadin 2 mgs." 10. On October 28, 1993, Helen Gelsinger woke up with blood in her mouth from bleeding in her gums which she could not stop. Her physician was concerned enough to hospitalized her in an attempt to regulate her coagulation. 11. While in the hospital utilizing Coumadin dispensed by the hospi tal pharmacy, Mrs. Gelsinger's coagulation stabil ized at a prothrombin time of 18.3 seconds. 12. On November 11, following her discharge from the hospital and resumption of use of the Rite Aid prescription, Mrs. Gelsinger's prothrombin time rose to 4a.J seconds, more than three times the therapeutic range. 13. Over the next several weeks, Mrs. Gelsinger was unable to regulate her coagu !l1t Ion desp 1 te stopping and restarting the Coumadin prescription. consequently, even though Mrs. Gelsinger's heart had returned to normn 1 and she had no symptoms related to her heart surgery, her phyalclnn did not feel she could return to work. 14. The Inability to return to work and to regulate her blood thinners was very dlHturblnq to Mrs. Gelsinger given her recent serious heart operation and the knowledge she would have to use blood thinners for tho rest of her life. 15. As a dir.ect result of Defendants supplying the wrong dosage of her. prescribed medication, Helen Gelsinger has suffered the following damages I (a) a loss of earnings; (b) a 108s of earning capacity: (c) present and future pain, suffering and anxiety; (d) present and futuro medical expenses; (e) a loss of life's pleasures: COUNT I - NEGLIGENCE 16. Paragraphs 1 through 15 are incorporated hereIn by reterence. Defendant Rite Aid is liable to Helen Gelsinger for the injuries alleged heroin which were directly and proximally caused by Defendant's negligence and/or gross negligence in: (a) dispensing a drug to Mrs. Gelsinger which was not in the dosage prescribed by her physician I (b) mislabeling Helen Gelsinger's medication to indicate 2 milligram tablets when 10 milligram tablets were contained thereinl (c) providing 10 milligram tablets to a patient which Defendant knew or should have known exceeded the patient's appropriate dosage I (d) failing to have in place sufficient procedures and protocols to assure that the proper drug was dispensed in a proper dosage as defined by the physician'S prescription; (e) failing to read their own label and recognize that a white 10 milligram tablet was not a gray 2 milligram table of coumadin; (f) failing to observe the color differences between 2 and 10 milligram tablets; (g) employing a pharmacist who violated the Pharmacy Act, 63 P.S. ~390-4, and 390-5(8), 390-5(11) and 390-5(12). (h) violating the regulations of the Pennsylvania Pharmacy Board concerning the dispensing of medications found In 49 Pa. Code ~ 27.12, 27.14, 27.18 (d), (p) and (r) (4), 27.19 and 27.32; (i) violating section 502(a) and 201(m) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act regarding the mislabeling of pharmaceutical products, (j) violating 35 P.S. 780-102 and 7BO-113(a)regulations regarding consistency of the medications dispensed by retailers to the physician's and manufacturer's requirements, and (k) violating Rite Aid's own internal policy and protocol regard Lng the checking of the dispensed medication to assure performance with the physician's order. 1'1. The d Lspens Lng of a prescription drug by a pharmacy is complotely and oxclusLvely under the pharmacy's control and the pharmacy could not possibly put a 10 milligram pill in a bottle labeled and pretllJt'Lbed for 2 milligrams, in the absence of negligence on the part of its employees. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for jUdgment against Defendant in an amount in excess of Twenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollars, exclusive of interest and costs, and in excess of any jurisdictional amount requiring compulsory arbitration. COUNT 11- UCC STRICT LIABILITY 18. Paraqraphs 1 through 15 are incorporated herein by referenco. 19. Defendant Rite Aid is also strictly liable to Plaintiff under the Uniform Commercial Code warranty of merchantability, 13 Pa. C.S.A. 2314 and the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, 13 Pa. C.S.A. 92315 by selling Plaintiff a product which dld not conform with her written prescriptions. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for judgment against Defendant in an amount in excess of Twenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollars, exclusive of interest and costs, and in excess of any jurisdictional amount requiring compulsory arbitration. COUNT III - EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 20. Paragraphs 1 through 15 and Counts I and II are incorporated herein by reference. 21. prescription drugs, by their nature, present significant risks of harm to the consumer unless prescribed in the specIfic manner regulated by both the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the united states government. The pUblic must, by necessity, obtain prescription drugs through a pharmacy. 22. Coumadin, a potent blood thinner, can and does cause significant risks of harm to its users, including death and serious personal injury. It is only safe when taken in the dosage prescribed by the treating physician. Coumadin is only legally available through a Licensed Pharmacy. 23. The manufacturer of Coumadin provides clear color Qoding of its pills to avoid any misunderstanding as to their dosage. The color coding and numbering of such pills is obvious and well known to pharmacists who job it is to dispense such medication in the proper dosage to their customers. 24. For Rite Aid to dispense to Helen Gelsinger, a recent heart surgery patient, a bottle of Coumadin labeled 2 milligrams ~, \" I , ~i, 1;\ ,. , ., I II: /, ".~, ._i",",;'''ii,.<il<..,,,,.,<c, Ill-ln..-,h. "rt.,'\,!~,wIt"__"'_~\W"f'''.t.'f-j-,Ui.,.!'':~"~;~l' I , Ii 'I I ~, \1. 'J, Qf Ci (,\)11 \ , , 'r" , '1,,1 , ,",1 , 'j 'ii' , , ., ijl " ,"" , " I'" \\ tl ~ ." . "',i\C:~. 1 ''':j\Il)Il':',a'''1 ., Iln C" l~ I.' ~ IJ I" ,. .,""11 ~~ \." I"h t ". ~ , '. .__....,-.-hp-'........._.~."n :..:"."'..,"-.i"......"'...".....':.uw_I_....I_~.....,~_""'7T'-'~.. .' :, 'It' I, I J,;J;~\i ' Q{'Ji,!'.N 'il '',\;''1' L '.t:j " "'il , I Ill"')':' ,. 'n'l"',:\ ;; ,! 1, .~ " '.J . I, I, ,. . ;'1' " ,. - "I ".-" " . ; ., , , . \" , ~l ,,' ~ ....~...... ,Ii I, " 'I', 'i' , , I,"'! --.-"'1"'TiT . ,-; ...,...., ~ {' . I \: , I, I' , Nhlj,: ~E' 1.0 2 Il'J\l~ '9~ , , , , Qr 11. r,Ul\ ,:~ . I t.h \I f IGf. "I,""..\^H . ill. !;r yO '" . 'r . t, ~i ., , 'I' ,. "j "1 " " I " , " Iii ,I f H I, . .' ,} l , ~ It'I,~~,,''j''''_'..i.,'\l!'I,\.,,~,,,,,.''im ".","""<""""",)-,.;_.' .",~,lIt~''iN'~~I~lilWJM~Jr ","~~"Witl..<J....~'- , " '4' ~ /. ., I, i i. "' " " , " , . If\ . . J ~t .' '~._"' ! 1', ;, I' Plaintiff : IN THE COURT OF COMMO P EAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I NO. 94-4812 v. CIVIL ACTION - LAW RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC., d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Defendant JURY TRIAL DEMANDED STIPULATIOlf IT IS HEREBY STIPULATED AND AGREF.D, by and among the counsel indicated below, as authorized by their respective clients, that the caption ot the above case should be amended to reUect the proper name ot the Defendant as Rite Aid of Pennsylvania, Inc., d/b/a Rite Aid Pharmacy, and that all further pleadings in the case will note the correct name. THOMAS, THOMAS I BAFER ANQINO I ROVNER ~ ;") By: -t(uttUU/l.w,,d-L, S W. Arosell, Esquire 305 North Front Street P.O. Box 999 Harrisburg, PA 17108-0999 AttornlllYs tor Defendant, Rite Aid ot Pennsylvania, Inc., d/b/a Rite Aid Pharmacy DATED: /1'/')'1 DATED: ?!J3!9tj ';\"1'. i i};{ -" ., ;,fLit ;1,";"11, .'Ii! ',). .'.~ if,', :~~ : i d'~f 11~::i~;\I, ,..,1,: ".,i,:l' -/iiA C,.."" "'l':'.,~i.I' (-, ,':::1' "'.:I:?r /:..y;.) ,,'\'j: ,I I 1iM.Vl ;:Ui:&! j..l"ll ,LI",~, I-!',-,~ ,,-'J.!, ii/t" l.,,~ ,rl? , "I,'! , ,'. I "-,,, h ,_'I,.Ll,..,~,JIl"'"'~''' ""'t-''''f'ji~~,;_"""",,,'A.I''",,I'',;~.rntfdvr.rJN1IlIj'lfl'III4~~ -,......._.....'-f.........,..~.'1"...,.."'..".<....."'.'''' ....,-" 6; . ~"1-= , . ... ,..., (,'''r) ,',-, ..... c.) = ~~ ~ ~ ~ CD 0 III !:: i .. ~ III ~ III " oj jJi 0 It lD il 0 '" 0: ~ It C % ~ ,. r- "" ......- ,..... '" ..- />0 I.., '.; "f;;,:'i." ;\\"'-!' !i,' --.1- ,""--'~-~" ,; .) PRAECIPE FOR LISTING CASE FOR ARGUMENT IMult bl typlwrlnln Ind lubmlnld In dupllcltll TO THE PROTHONOTARY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY: Pl.... lift the within men., fo, Ihe "1)11: .JL A,gum.nl Cou,' C....PTION OF CASE: l.nll,. ..pllon mUll b. .,.lId In 'ulll HELEN E. GELSINGER. PI.lnlllf IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLE....S OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA y. NO. 84.4812 RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC., d/bl. RITE AID PHARMACY. D,'.nd.nl CIVIL ACTION. LAW JURY TRIAL DEMANDED 1. Stat, mener to be a,gued ILe., plaintiff'1 motion tor new trial, defendant'. demur,., to complolnt, ete.l: O,f.ndent', Preliminary Objection. to Plaintiff'. Amended Complaint 2. Identify counll8l who will arguo cose: II) for plaintiff: Terry S. Hyman, Elqulre AN GINO & ROVNER. P.C. 4503 North F,ont S"lIt H."ilbu,g, PA 17110 Ibl '0' d.f.ndont: So,oh W. A,ololl. Elqui,o THOMAS. THOMAS & HAFER 306 Nonh Front Street P.O. Box 999 Ho"ilburg. PA 17108.0999 3, 'will notify ell perU.. in writing within two dayit' th~1 thiS case he. been lI.t.d '0' .,gum.nt. THOMAS. THOMAS & HAFER By: I~A~""<<"" Sarah W. Arosell, E.qui,. Attorney tor Defendant O.I.d: O.Iob., 14, 1884 = ..., - - 1;,:-.1 1') .F <" .-." = . ~ :;}.~ _.:~;;J 'le"':' '/.'.;'1 (h\~ }''''''i :'l;tj~ 'ill/. ."",1 f;o,\{i~ !~I~l ,i'-I. W\-i Wi l:lrl U;'f~~ -':;'': " I, , .. ,{I,i' ':';w ~,',~' I} 'II", , '.,'!'-,,-"'" ",,,,.,~, "''''''h,~,..'ft..,jUltoN';'li;;-'lt,<i'''''''''.;IIltfll~3'~'i~\ilJ;tI'iM~ , -' ' '''''''''1''''"'''"41,1,-,. '''1......1''''.~.......~ ~,.. H_, ; d1; ";-> - ;"1=" . , , , - ." ., III .=I' ('.J I = , ,.", " J'r. Jl '. ., ~w ~~~m~ J " ~ ~ ~ ~ t~~1 i ~ g % ~ . " v. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA NO. 94-4B12 CIVIL ACTION - LAW HELEN E. GELSINqER, PlainUft RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC., d/b/a RITE AID PHA CY, Defendant JURY TRIAL DEMANDED . AND NOW, on his 20th day of september, 1994, comes the Detendant, Rite Aid of Pennsylvania, Inc., d/b/a Rite Aid Pharmacy, by and through its attorneys, Thomas, Thomas & Hafer, to raise preliminary objections to Plaintiff's Complaint in the above- captioned action as tollows: 1. Plaintift commenced this action by filing a Complaint on August 25, 1994. (A copy of Plaintiff's Complaint is attached hereto as Exhibit "A.") 2. Detendant was served with the Complaint on August 31, 1994. 3. In hex' Complaint, Pl.aintiff alleges that Detendant- pharmacy misfilled a prescription for Coumadin, a blood thinner, causing her physical and emotional injury. I. DEMURRER TO COUNT IV 4. Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure l028(a) (4) provIdes that a detendant may file preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer. 5. Plaintitt has demanded punitive damages in Count IV ot her Complaint. 6. specitically, Plaintiff alleges in Count IV that Detendant's mistill of Plaintift's prescription was "gross negligence rising to the level ot recklesB disregard tor the satety ot its customers." (See Paragraph 25 ot Plaintiff's Complaint.) 7. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in relevant case law therein, establishes that punitive damages may only be awarded in cases where detendant's conduct is egregious, outrageous, wanton, willtul, pertormed with evil motive or reckless inditference to the rights ot others. Negligent or even grossly negligent conduct on the part ot the defendant will not support a claim for punitive damages. 8. Plaintiff has failed to aver any conduct on the part ot Detendant that rises to the standard warranting punitive damages. WHEREFORE, Defendant RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.,d/b/a RnE AID PHARMACY respectfully requests this Court, pursuant to Pa. R.C.P. 1028(a)(4), grant its demurrer and dismiss Count IV and all reterences to gross negligence which comprise Plaintift' s claim tor punitive damages. II. INSUFFICIENT SPECIFICITY OF SUBPARAGRAPHS 16 (hI - (i) 9. Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1028(a)(3) provides that a detendant may file preliminary objections on the grounds of insufficient specificity in a pleading. 10. In Count I, Paragraph 16 of her Complaint, Plaintitt claims that her injuries were proximately caused by the Defendant's negligence and/or gross negligence by inter AliA: (h) violating the regulations of the Pennsylvania Pharmacy board concerning the dispensing ot medication in - 2 - a manner exactly consistent with the prescription written by a physician; (i) violating FDA regulations regarding the proper labeling ot pharmaceutical products; and (j) violating FDA regulations regarding consistency ot the medications dispensed by retailers to the physician's and manufacturer's requirements. 11. The allegations contained in subparagraphs 16 (h) - (j) tail to identity which regulations of the Pharmacy Board and the Food and Drug Administration Defendant-pharmacy has allegedly violated. Rather, the allegations as plead, are so broad and nonspecific as to be in violation of the Pennsylvania Rules ot civil procedure, Rule 1019(a) and in contravention ot Connor v. Alleahenv General Hosoital, 501 Pa. 306, 461 A.2d 600 (1983). 12. Defendant is unable to respond or prepare a defense to such overly broad, vague, conclusory and otherwise deticient (j), to allegations as set forth in subparagraphs 16 (h) Detendant's great prejudice. 13. In addition to precluding Defendant from preparing an adequate defense, the improper boilerplate allegations ot negligence prejudice the Defendant in that if they remain in the Complaint, the Plaintiff will be allowed to introduce a new theory ot negligence at any time, not withstanding the expiration ot the statute ot limitations. WHEREFORE, Detendant RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.,d/b/a RnE AID PHARMACY respectfully requests this court, pursuant to Pa. R.C.P. 1028(a)(3), to strike subparagraphs 16 (h) - (j) or, in the alternative, direct that the Plaintiff file a more specific - 3 - pleading identifying with particularity, those portions of the Pharmacy Board Regulations and the Food and Drug Administration Requlatiolls which Detendant has allegedly violated. III. DBMURRER TO COONT II 14. Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 102B(a) (4) provides that a defendant may tile preliminary objections in the nature ot a demurrer. 15. In Count II, paragraph lB of her Complaint, Plaintitt alleqes Detendant is liable for her injuries under the theory ot res ipsa loquitur as follows: Defendant is also liable under the Doctrine ot Res Ipsa Loquitur since the dispensing of a prescription druq by a pharmacy is completely and exclusively under the pharmacy's control and the pharmacy could not possibly put a 10 milligram pill in a bottle labeled and prescribed for 2 milligrams, in the absence of negligence on the part of its employeas. 16. Res ipsa loquitur is a rule of evidence, not a theory ot liability or cause of action recognized by the Commonwealth ot Pennsylvania. 17. Defendant is prejudiced by Plaintiff's attempt to bolster her allegations of negligence by mischaracterizing an evidentiary rule as a theory of liability and improperly pleading res ipsa loquitur as a separate cause of action. WHEREFORE, Defendant RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.,dVb/a RnE AID PHARMACY respectfully requests this Court, pursuant to Pa. - 4 - 5. . '3 '904 BI33 Eo l'lIC.-RI5I< MG FROM 7i7~ lEi P. :2 " '.. . ,. v. I IN THIl CO~T 0' COMMON PLIU I CUKlIRLAHD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I I CIVIL ACTION - tAW I 110. qy_ IIPI2. (!,.U;J"~ I I JURY TRIAL DEMAN DID BILEN I. GELSINGIR PldntiU RITE AID CORPORATION, Dafendant. ~~d~C;- tJO'l'Ie. yOU HAVE BEEN SUED IN CO~T. If you wish to defend a;ain.t the 01a1m. set forth in the tollowin9 page., you must take action within twenty (ao) days after thil Complaint and NoUCI are sarvad, by entarin9 a written appearance personally or by attorney and filin; in writing with thl Court your deten..s or Objection. to the claim. let forth against you. '. You al:e warned that if you taU to do so the Clsa may pl:ocead without you and a judiDent may be entered agaln.t you by the Court without turther notice for any money olaimad in the Complaint 01: for any other claim 01: relilt reque.ted by the plaintiff. You may 10'a money or property or other rights important to you. YOU SHOULD TAla: THIS PAPER TO YOUR tAl'l'YER AT ONCII:. Ir YOU DO 140'1' HAVE A LAWYER OR CANNOT AFFORD ONB, GO TO OR TELEPHONE THE OFFICI SIT FORTH BELOW TO FIND 0tJ'l' WHERE: YOU CAN GET LEGAL HELP. Court AcSmini.trator, 4th '1. cumberland County Courthouse' One Courthouse Squire carlisle, PA 1701' /:JJ . . 340-1200 LU.UJ. I.JW'/.JAU1 '1ll.tl ~ru~ m ~ - I..oO~ I.Il.W.P~ 'm ~ . .:.I-'l~ ctt 01 DIPlNDANT'S l~ ...,..;"~ ..',. ",. . TRU~:CQPYFROM R~CORD In TllSII.Ihl!"Y.wtltrcot, Iller. U~I my hand ar.cllht SGaI 01 said CQJ.Irt ill ~rns14, Pa. 1lI1. .I1~ dIy. :~ )U..t-. l'f..... . - - d~. " ..'. -, Pl'othQiigll.y . ". ... ,~,.... ..:1'" . .. - . .- ." 4"'''''' RECEIVED AU& 3 t M ".. ...."....... S.p. 9.'94 8133 e AID"RI5~ I"G FRCM ?1?-57. 161 1", 3 , . ,. HELIN I. OZL8%tlGU I 'l.in~itt I I v. I I RITI AID CORPORATION, .+l. "'\7S-~ Defendanta -tt "'..,. . IN THI COURT or COMMON PLlAS CUMBERLAND COUNfV, PINNSVLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. JURV TRIAL DEMANDED COMPUINT 1. plaintUt Helen Gelsinger ia an aeSul t. residing 1n cnambersbur9, r~anklin county, Pennsylvania. 2. Defendant Rite Aid corporation is a protit-makinq corporation whose haa<lquar1:ers is locatecS in Shiremanatown, CUmblrland c::cunty, Pennaylvan1a. 3. In AuquSt., 1"3, Helin aels1nger underwent major open heart a\l~gery to replaoe a faulty heart velve. AS a rllult. ot the aurqery aneS valve replacement, her tnatine; physician placed Helen' Celsinger on Coumadin, a blood thInner, tor the balance of her lite. 4. On October 13, 1993, Helen Oalainger brouqht her phyalo1an's 'p~esoription tor CoualeS1ft, 2 m11119ra. tableta, to a Ri~e Aid pharmaoy 100ateeS on 39 Warm Springe Road, Chamberlbur9, Pennsylvania. '#'..).;) 1<:) 5. The Rite Aid Pharmaoy 12275 at Warm Springs Road, Challbe:raburg, PIMsylvania 11 owned, operatl4 and controllelS by Deflndant Rite Aid Corporation. 6. Defendant Rite Aid has the Pharmaoy L1cense tor add phanacy aneS employed the pharmeeiete therein. 7. On Ootober 13, 1993 the Rite AieS Pharmacy gave Helen oela1n9&r . pre.oript1on bottle labeled "CoUllladin 2 1\9. tablets. II However, unbeknownat to Helin Oel.inger, the bottle labllld 2 milligram tableta aotually containld 14 .1111~a. Coumadln tablets, five tlme. the ..ount . ~equl:reeS by her physioien'a presoription. ,,..,,... S.p. 9. '94 el~4 E !'lIC,RISK MG F~CM 717-S7 761 F. 4 I. Unbeknown at to Helen Oelllnger, but surely within the knowledge of the dilpendng phal'1llacht, cOWlladin tablets arl color coded and numbered ):Iy the manutacturer. A a milligram tablet 18 gray with tha nWllb.r a embGdde4 in the pill. A 10 milligram tablet is white with the nWllber 10 embedded in the pill. II. Delpltl the very obvious viaual ditterlnoe. betwaen a 2 111111i;ram and a 10 milligram coumadin tablet, thl Rite Aid Imployee put Whit. pilla with thl number 10 into a bottle which hi had juat labeled .COWlladln 2 mis.1I 10. On October ai, 1993, HIlln GIlllnger woke up with blood in har mouth from blledln9 in her guml which she could not Itop. Her phydcian va. ccncerned enough to hospitalized har in en attlmpt to regulate her coagUlation. 11. While in the hOlpital utilizing COWlladin displnsed by the hoapital pharmacy, Mra. Gelsinger'l coagulation atabilizld at a ,~o'~rOmbin time of 18.3 .Iconds. 12. On November 11, to110wing her dlscharge from the hOlpital and re.ulllption of use of the Rite Aid prelcription, Mr.. alllinqer's prothrombin time rOle to 42.:S seconds, more than three time. the theraplutio ranqe. U. Over the next slveral welkl, Mrs. Gelsinger was unable to regulate hlr coagulation de.pitl stopping and re.tarting thl Coumadln prescription. Consequently, even though Mr.. Geldnger's heart: had returned to normal snd Ihe had no sYllptoml related to her hlart surge1Y, her physioian did not feel Ihe could rlturn to work. 14. The inalliUty to r.t\un to work an4 to r'CJullte her 1>100<1 , thinnerl VIS VI1Y dlsturbin9 to Mrl. GI1.inger 'livln her rlcent leriouI 2 s.~. 9 '9~ 6'34 " .,.~_.''lIO,RIS.( MG FROM 717-975- 01 P. 5 bea~t ope~ation and the knowl.dge ehe would have to use blood thinner. fo~ the rest of her lif.. 1!!. A. a diract nau). t of Datandanta aupply1n9 the w~onq dosaqe ot be~ p~eaorlbad medicetlon, Kalan aalsin;e~ has .utte~ed the tollowinq damagas, (a) . loes ot earnings, (b) . 10.a of aarninq capacity, (0) pre.ent and futu~e pain, autfarinq and anxiety, (d) p=aeent and future madical axpen.a., (a) . loss of lite's pleaaura.l COUNT I - NEGLIGENCE 1.. Paragraphs 1 through 15 ara incorporated herein by reference. Dafan4.n~ Ri~a Aid 1. liable to Halan Galainger for the inju~ies alleged herein which were diract1y and proximally caused by Detendant's negliganoe and/or gros. negligenoe In: (a) di.peneing a drug to Mrs. Gelsinger which was not in the do.age prescribed by her phYMlcian, (b) mislabellng Helen Ge1.1nger's medication to indicate 2 .1111I1ra. tablets whan 10 milligram tablets wera oontalned tnerein, (0) providing 10 milligram tablets .to a patiant whioh Detandant knew or ahould hava known exceeded the patient's appropriate do..ge, (d) tdUng to heve in place autficient procldurel and protocols to as.ure that the proper drug was diapense4 in a proplr dosa,e as dafinad by tha physioian's prascription, (e) faiUng to read their own labal and :ncollnile that e . white 10 milligram tablat wae not a gray 2 milligram table of eoumadin, , S.p. 9 '94 S/35 E A1D-1<J5K I"G FROM 717-97 ~61 F. 6 (f) faUing to obsarve the 00101' cUUerenoes between a and 10 milligra. tablets, (9) eJ:lploying a phanaoht who violated the Pharlll&oy Aot, n ..8. 1380-4, and 380-5(1), 350-5(11) and 380-5(12). (h) violating the regulation_ of the Pennsylvania Pharaaoy Board aoncuninq the d1spensin9 of lIlecSioations in a ann. exactly consistent with the prescription written by a phy.ician, (i) violatin9 FDA regulation- regarding the proper labaling of pharlll&ceuticel produots, (j) violating FDA regulations r.garding con.1st.nay of the medication. dispensad by nt.Han to the physician'S andllanufeoturu"1 requirement., and (k) violating Rite Aid's own internal pclicy ancS protocol regardIng the Checking of the dhpenud medication to assure perronance with the physician's order. WHEREfORE, Plaintift pray' for judqment against Detendant in an amount in exeese at TWenty Thousand ($20,000) Dollarl, exclu.ive of Inhreet and co.ts, end in exce.. at any jurisdictional amount requlrinC) compulsory arbitration. COUNT II - RES IPSA LOQtJI'l'U1t 17. paragraphs 1 through 15 an inoorporated herdn by reference. 18. Defendant is also liable under the Doctrine at Res Ip.a Loquitur sinoe the dilpenling of a prelcription drug by a pharmacy i. completely and exclullvely under the ph.nacy's control and the phanacy could not pOIs1bly put a 10 milUgnm pHl in a bottle labeled en4 ~re.oribed tor 2 milligrams. in the absence ot negligence on the part of . its .mploy.e.. 4 E FHD/R15I< J1j .- FROM 717-97 761 P. 7 WHEREFORE, Plaintltf p~.ys tor ju4qment a;alnlt D.fendant in an a.ount in exce.. of Twanty Thousand (UO,OOO) DollAl'S, exclu.ivl of intal'..t an~ QQ.ts, and ln exce.s of any ~uriscUotional amoun\: raqu1r1nV compul.ory arbitration. COUNT UI- UCC STRICT LU.IX101'1'Y 1'. Paragraph. 1 through 15 ar. incorpo~atad, herein by I'afal'enoe. 30. Defendant Rite Aid is also strictly liable to plaintiff und.r the Uniform commerolal Code warranty of ..rchantability, 13 Ja. C.I.A. 2314 and tne wa~ranty ot fitne.. tOI' a partioular pUl'po.a, 13 pa. C.I.A. 12315 by ..l11n; Plaintiff a pl'oduct which 4i4 not confol'll with her written pra.oriptions. WHEREFORE, Plalntift prays for judgment again.t Daten4ant 1n an alllount in exceas of Twenty Thousand (t20,OOO) Dollars, exoluaiva of intereet and costs, and 1n axee.. of .ny jurh4igtional alllount requirin; oonpuleory arbitration. COUNT IV - EXEMPLARY D>>IACl!1 21. Paragraphe 1 through 15 and count. J, II, and III are lnco%porated harain by raferance. 22. Prascription druge, by their nature, present .ignif1oant rille. of hal'll to the oonSUlllIr unlass pre.cribad ln the spacific mannar %eiU1ate4 by both the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the united atatee government. Tha publ1c Duet, by nec~..ity, obtaln preecriptlon drug' through a pharmacy. 23. COUllladin, a potant blood thinnar, can and doa. cause slgn1flcent deks of harm to its uean, inoluding d.ath and ..rioue ~nonal injury. It 1_ only uf. when taken in the do.age prsscrib.12 by . tha treat1nq phy_1cian. coumadln i. only legally available throu9h a 5 S.p. 9 ~94 el~ 1: FlID-1lISK I'G - . FRD'1 717-9'; i7Eil P. e . . . , :. Vf!RtI'YCA'l'~OH I, HEl.IN GELSINGER, do hereby swear and dUn that the facta aet forth in the foreqoinq document are true an6 correct to the beat of .Y knowledqe, information an4 beliet. I underatand that this v~rification is .a4e subjeot to the penalties of II Pa.C... t 4104, relatin; to unsworn falsification to authorities. WITNESS a Dated I r/,~/''1 fi/.,~ 8' ft~ IlJ: GELUNGIlR . BBLBN B. GBLSINGBR I IN THB COURT OF COMMON PLBAS or Plaintiff I CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PBNNSYLVANIA I V I I RITB AID OF PENNSYLVANIA I ~O. 94-4812 CIVIL INC. d/b/a RITE AID I PHARMACY, I Defendants I CIVIL ACTION - LAW IN REI DEFENDANT'S PRELIMINARY OBJECTION TO PLAINTIFF'S AMENDED COMPLAINT BEFORE SHEELY. P.J.. HOFFER. J. AND OLER. J. ORDER OF COURT AND NOW, this 2.. "1- day of FEBRUARY, 1995, defendant's demurrer is GRANTED and Count III requesting punitive damages is stricken from plaintiff's amended complaInt. By the Court, &<;I.~.ft1---- arold E. Sheely, P.J. Terry S. Hyman, Esquire For the Plaintiff Sarah A. Arosell, Esquire For the Defendant Cuf~" m~..(<.{ .1/ (C/9S, ..& p. " Isld BBLBN B. GBLSINGBR I Plaintiff I I V I I RITB AID OF PBNNSYLVANIA I INC. d/b/a RITB AID I PHARMACY, I Defendants I IN THB COURT OF COMMON PLBAS or CUMBBRLAND COUNTY, PBNNSYLVANIA NO. 94-4812 CIVIL CIVIL ACTION - LAW IN RBI DBFBNDANT'S PRELIMINARY OBJECTION TO PLAINTIFF'S AMENDBD COMPLAINT BBFORB SHEELY. P.J.. HOFFBR. J. AND OLBR. J. OPINION AND ORDER OF COURT In the present action, defendant raises preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer to the punitive damages request in Count III of plaintiff's amended complaint. Initially, we note the well settled standard of review for preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer I ...All material factB Bet forth in the complaint, aB well as all inferences reasonable deducible therefrom, are admitted as true for purpose of review. Eckell v. Wileon, 409 Pa. Super. 132, 135, 597 A.2d 696, 698 (1991). However, we cannot accept as true conclueions of law. ~. The queBtion presented by a demurrer is whether, on the facts averred, the law eaye with certainty that no recovery ie pOBBible. 19. A demurrer should be sustained only in casee where the plaintiff has clearly failed to state a claim on which relief may be granted. 19. A demurrer Bhould not be suetained if there ie any doubt as to whether the complaint adequately states a claim for relief under any theory. Jd. at 135-36, 597 A.2d at 698. NO. 94-4812 CIVIL ACTION - LAW rittsburah National Bank v. Perr, 431 Pa. Super. 580, 584, 637 A.2d 334, 336 (1994). with this standard of review in mind, we aummarize the facta as aet forth in plaintiff'. complaint. On October 13, 1993, plaintiff took her preacription for Coumadin, a blood thinner, to defendant.l Unbeknownst to plaintiff, defendant filled the preacription uainq ten (10) milligram tablet. rather than the two (2) milligram tablets prescribed.' On October 28, plaintiff waa hoapitallzed in order to regulate her coagul.ation.' Upon her relea.e, plaintiff resumed, stopped, and reatarted her preacription in order to att~mpt to regulate her coagulation.' Plaintiff'. physicIan recommended that ahe not return to work.~ As a result of the aforementioned events, plaintiff fIled a complaint with this court seeking, inter AliA, punitive damagee. Defendant filed preliminary objections to plaintiff's complaint on September 20, 1994. In response, plaintiff filed an amended complaint on October 5, 1994. Defendant then filed preliminary 1 Complaint at para. 4. Plaintiff had recently undergone open heart surgery and was permanently placed on blood thinners. lsi. at para. 3. , lsi. at para. 7. Apparently, the tablets are different colors and have the doeage embedded on them. 19. at para. 8. , lsi. at para. 10. ,,'~. t 13 ..... a para. . ~ lsi . 2 NO. 94-4812 CIVIL ACTION - LAW objection. to plaintiff's amended complaint on October 18, 1994. Oral argument was heard before thie court on December 7, 1994. DISCUSSION Defendant requests this court, pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 1028(a)(4), to dismiss Count III and all references to gross negligence which comprise plaintiff's claim for punitive damage.. We first point out that Pennsylvania courts have permitted an award of punitive damages for conduct that is outrageous either because of the defendant's evil motive or becau.e of his reckless indifference to the rights of others. Niaro v. Reminaton Arms Co.. Inc., 432 Pa. Super 60, 73, 637 A.2d 983 (1993); SHV coal. Inc. v. Continental Grain Co., 526 Pa. 489, 493, 587 A.2d 702, 704 (1991). The type of reckless conduct sufficient to create a jury question is where "the actor knowe or has reason to know of facts which create a high degree of risk of physical harm to another, and deliberately proceeds to act, in conscious disregard or indifference to that risk." lsl. at 494- 95, 587 A.2d at 704-705 (quoting the restatement (Second) pf Torts 5500 comment a). "Damages are not justified where the defendant's mental state rises to no more than gross negligence." lsl. at 495, 587 A.2d at 705. Moreover, in McDaniel v. Merck. SharDe , Dohme, 367 Pa.Super. 600, 623, 533 A.2d 436, 447-48 (l987), the court upheld the trial court's decision to grant preliminary objections regarding punitive damages claims as to three defendants because the appellant failed t.o allege facts in 3 , . NO. 94-4812 CIVIL ACTION - LAW its complaint other than those which would constitute ordinary negligence. ~ AlaQ, AmmlunQ v. Platt, 224 Pa.Super. 47, 58-59, 302 A.2d 491, 497-98 (1973) (stating that permIssibility of pleading a condition of the mind generally was not meant to dispense with the pleading of material facts). Applying the law to the facts, we find nothing in the complaint to indicate that plaintiff is entitled to a punitive damages claim. Although defendant would have reason to know filling a prescription with ten (lO) mg. rather than two (2) mg. tablets creates a high degree of risk of physical harm, there are no facts to indicate defendant deliberately acted in conscious disregard or indIfference to that risk. Plaintiff's complaint identifies defendant's conduct ae negligent and/or grossly neglIgent. (Complaint at para 16) and that the misfilling of the prescription would not have occurred absent the negligence of its employees. Complaint at para. lB. As previously noted, plaintiff must allege more than gross negligence. Plaintiff's complaint does allege defendant's conduct to be "gross negligence rising to the level of reckless disregard for the safety of its customers" (Complaint at para 24), but this assertion is not supported by any facts to indicate the requisite state of mind to sustain a punitive damages claIm. Furthermore, neither party has cited to any case, and we find none, in which plaintiff was entitled to a punitIve damages claim when a pharmacy misfilled a prescription on one occasion, as has been alleged here. 4 . . NO. 94-4812 CIVIL ACTION - LAW We believe plaintiff's contention regarding defendant's alleged violation of federal and etate etatutes as justification for punitive damagee to fail for the same reason. As defendant correctly notee, the Reetatement (S~cond) of Torts 5500 comment e, states that breach of a etatute must be intentionally violated. Plaintiff has not alleged any facts to indicate defendant intentionally violated the statutes. For the foregoing reasons, we find that plaintiff is not entitled to a punitive damages claim. Accordingly, we grant defendant's request to strike Count III from plaintiff's amended complaint.' ORDER OF CQYB! AND NOW, this ,J'I'{ day of FEBRUARY, 1995, defendant's demurrer is GRANTED and Count III requesting punitive damages is stricken from plaintiff's ,~ended complaint. By the Court, Isl Harold E. Sheelv Harold E. Sheely, P.J. Terry S. Hyman, Esquire For the Plaintiff Sarah A. Aroeell, Eequire For the Defendant · We do not find it necessary to strike references to gross negligence in the remaining counts of the complaint. 5 HBLBN B. GELSINGER, Plaintiff IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLBAS OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW v. I I I I I I I I I NO. 94-4812 CIVIL TERM RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC. d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Defendant QBID;R OF COURT AND NOW, this I;~ day of March, 1995, upon consideration of Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery, a Rule is hereby ISSUED upon the Defendant to show cause why the relief requested should not be granted. RULE RETURNABLE within 20 days of service. BY THE COURT, . Terry S. Hyman, Esq. 4503 N. Front Street Harrisburg, PA 17110 Attorney for Plaintiff _0.fu.> .~ LL(...'c,.( l.A. 311'1/4S' .A.r? Sarah A. Arosell, Esq. 305 North Front Street Harrisburg, PA 17108-0999 Attorney for Defendant :re .:' .,' J.11! '.1 '"i' ~,).J'" I, :", ~ \ 1 :~ :) \ _ t I! ,1';"'_') iil':j ,,) 56. Wd Ot ~ LI ij~fI '- , '" " "; ~. , " , , " " . ,.1 " ~" " . ~~ ~ ~' >, ii'" ,.. 1" , , .. , , \, " v. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 94-4812 H~LEN E. GELSINGER: Plaintiff : RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.1 d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Defendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED ORDER AND NOW, this day of , 1995, it is hereby Ordered and Decreed that Defendant shall respond to plaintiff's outstanding discovery no later than 15 days from the date of this Order. Failure to comply with this Order may result in imposition of such sanctions as the Court deems necessary, including but not limited to binding admissions of fact or preclusions of defenses. BY THE COURT: J. v. I I I I I INC. I I IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW NO. 94-4812 HELEN E. GELSINGER Plaintiff RITE AID OF PENNSYLVANIA, d/b/a RITE AID PHARMACY, Detendants JURY TRIAL DEMANDED REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS PURSUANT TO PA. R.C.P. NOS. 4003.4 and 4009 DATED OCTOBER 4, 1994 To: Detendant Rite Aid of Pennsylvanai, Inc. d/b/a Ri te Aid Pharmcy PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that pursuant to Pa. R.C.P. Nos. 4003.4 and 4009, please furnish at our expense, at our oftice, on or betore thirty (30) days ot service hereot, a photostatic copy or like reproduction of the materials concerning this action or its subject matter which are in your possession, custody or control and which are not protected by the attorney/client privilege; or, in the alternative, produce the said matter at said time to permit inspection and copying thereot; 1. Every document In your possession relating to the prescription of and/or dispensing Coumadin to Helen Gelsinger on October 13, 1993. 2. The written physician's prescriptIon tor Helen Gelsinger'. October 13, 1993 Coumadin Rx. 3. All documents, manuals, handouts, training material. or videotape. containing protocols, procedure. or policIes which discuss or reterence the manner in which a pharmacist, assistant or f~ Juhd'/] Rite Aid quality assurance employee is to assure that the medication dispensed to customers is the proper dosage ot the prescribed medication in a correctly labeled container. 4. Any documen-c containing intormation which you believe shows that Helen Gelsinger was prescribed 10 mg doses of Coumadin by Dr. Drubeck in September through october, 1993. 5. The entire contents of any investigation tile or tiles or any other documents evidence in your possession which supports or relates to the allegations ot Plaintitf's complaInt or any de tense thereto. (Excluding references to mental impressions, conclusion, or opinions representing ttle value or merit ot the claim or de tense respecting to strategy or tactics and privilege communications to and from counsel.) 6. Any and all statements concerning the actions, as detined by Rule 4003.4, trom all witnesses including any statements trom the party herein or their respective agents, servants, employees or representatives. 7. All documents identitied in Plaintitt's Interrogatories. 8. Any diagrams, photograph. or other graphic representatIons of the accident scene, any instrumentality involved in the accident. 9. Any and all document. contaIning the name. rand home addresses and/or business addresses ot every individual contacted 2 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE AND NOW, this 4th day ot October, 1994, I, Michelle M. prucnal, an employee ot Anqino , Rovner, P.C., do hereby certity that I have served a true and correct copy ot the PLAINTIFF'S REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS, REQUEST I DATED OCTOBER 4, 1994 in the United States mail, postage prepaid at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, addressed as tollowSI Sarah A. Arosell, Esquire THOMAS, THOMAS & HAFER 305 N. Front Street Harrisburg, PA 17108-0999 Attorney tor Detendant ~/1J.J1U -1J1.a.u~ M chelle M. prucnal - 4 Plaintiffs, through their attorney, hereby propound the following I Interrogatories to defendants pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil .1 Procedure 4006 to be answered within thirty (30) days from service thereof. These Interrogatories shall be deemed to be continuing I Interrogatoriqs. If, between the time of your answer to said Interro- gatories and the time of the trial of this case you, or anyone acting on " your behalf, learns the identity and whereabouts of any other witnesses ~ not identified in your said answers, or if you obtain or become aware of . additional requested information not supplied in your answers, you shall promptly furnish the same to plaintiffs' attorney by a supplemental , answer. , ~ : For the purposes of these Interrogatories, "you. or "your" refers to , the defendants and their files, the defendants' insurance company and it! ~ files, the defendants' attorney and his files and all other persons, agents or representatives of the defendants and their files. "You" shaU ~ further ~nclude all persons on whose behalf defendants prosecute thi~ ~ action and all persons who will benefit or be legally bound by the I I' results of this action. Your answer to the Interrogatories shall r~flecl I and contain the knowledge of all of the above persons. \ I !; 'I I, Ii .1 References to plaintiff and/or defendant shall be interpreted as singulal or plural, depending upon the particular circumstances of each case. The term "description" or "describe" as used herein shall mean that the defendants shall set forth the name and address of the author or origi- ., nator. dates. title or subject matter, the present custodians of the original and of any copies and the last known address of each custodian. "Oocument" shall mean any written, printed, typed or other graphic matte: of any kind, whether handwritten. typed or printed, whether distributed or undistributed. It shall include without limitation letters, memorandi , articles, studies, notebooks, diaries and notes. as well as all mechan~- ~.:.I cal and electronic sound recordings or transcripts thereof in the possession or control of the defendants or known by them to exist. It :; shall also mean all copies of documents by whatever means made. I, I Answer each interrogatory in the space following the interrogatory. I' Supplemental sheets may be attached for answers which require additional space. Please take notice that you are required to serve upon the I undersigned your answers in writing within thirty (30) days pursuant to I' the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure. These Interrogatories are deemed continuing and supplemental answers should seasonably be provided I' II I: " Ii '. I' I , , 3. state whether Thrift Drug followed the polici.s and protocols described in Interrogatory 2 when dispensing Coumadin to Helen Gelsinger on october 13, 1993. (a) If answered affirmatively, identify every person or document you believe has factual knowledge or contains information showing the protocols were followed. (b) If answered negatively, state why the protocols, procedures and policies were not followed in this instance and identify every person or document which has knowledge of or contains information showing the protocols which were actually followed in dispensing Coumadin to Helen Gelsinger on October 13, 1993. (c) Identify the person answering this Interrogatory and all sources and person upon which you relied in providing the information herein. 4 5. Describe every training session, document, manual, text, publication, videotape, computer instruction, seminar, inservice or any other means by which Rite Aid informs or trains its pharmacists and assistants about the procedures to be followed to assure the customer receives the proper dosage of the prescribed medication in a correctly labeled container. 6 7. Identify the document upon which your pharmacist dispensed Coumadin to Helen Gelsinger .on October 13, 1993 and its current location. 8 8. state the contents of every conversation between Mr.. Gelsinger and any Rite Aid employee from August, 1993 to the current date relating to his medication, including the date of the conversations, the names of all persons present during the conversation and, any documents which would contain information referencing, recording or relating to the conversations. " 9 10. with regard to each individual you expect to call aa an expert witne.. at trial, state the following: (a) date of birth; (b) name and address of present employer, and if self- employed, name and address of the busine.., (e) full formal educational background, with date of attendance and degrees obtained; (d) a list of all writings and/or documents of any kind prepared in whole or in part by the expert; and (e) names and addresses of all persons, firms or corporations who have retained this expert in the past ten years to render a report or testify as an expert witness. 11 13. If you have taken any statements or have any document containinq an essentially verbatim recordation of any statement given by any person concerning a matter relating to the subject litigation: <a) Identify the person taking the statement and the person giving the statement; (b) The date of the statement; (c) Every document which contains the statement and the present custodian of same. 14 20. Identify each person who: (a) was a witness to the incident through .1qht or hearing and/or (b) has knowledge of facts concerning the happening of the incident or conditions or circumstance. at the scene of the incident prior to, at the time of, or after the incident. (c) with respect to each person identified, state that person's exact location and activity at the time of the incident. 21 ~ . :s:: ~ M ,'1 :,:- ;.' ,., - ('''") ~i ~:: , , ... ~ ~ t; ~ S ... .. ~ ~ 0 .. E i ... .. .. t z .. C il . .; ll- ... 0 a: .. ~ ~ E ~ 0 '" oil ..!l 0 ~ ii ~ ~ a: ~ c % '" Q ~ Plaintiff I S Amended Complaint and pursuant to the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, said averments are therefore, denied and proof demanded at the time of trial. 4. Admitted in part. Denied in part. It is admitted that a prescription for 2,milligram tablets of Coumadin was presented to the Rite Aid pharmacy located on 39 Warm Spring Road, Chambersburg, PA on October 13, 1993. Defendant has no knowledge as to who presented the prescription on that date and said averment is denied and proof demanded at the time of trial. 5. Denied as stated. The Rite Aid Pharmacy #2275 at Warm Spring Road, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania is owned, operated and controlled by Rite Aid of Pennsylvania Inc., d/b/a Rite Aid Pharmacy. 6. Denied as stated. Rite Aid of Pennsylvania, Inc., d/b/a Rite Aid Pharmacy has the Pharmacy License for said pharmacy and employed the pharmacists therein. 7. Admitted in part. Denied in part. It is admitted that on October 13, 1993, Rite Aid Pharmacy #2275 filled a prescription bottle labeled "Coumadin 2 mg. tablets". The remainder of the averments in this paragraph are denied and proof demanded at the time of trial, since after reasonable investigation, Answering Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to either . 3. admit or deny the averments as to who picked up the prescription and what was known at any time by the Plaintiff. 8. Admitted in part. Denied in part. It is admitted that Coumadin tablets are color coded and numbered by the manufacturer and that such information is known by the pharmacists. The remaining averment in this paragraph is denied and proof demanded at the time of trial, since after reasonable investigation, Answering Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to either admit or deny the averment as to what was known at any time by the Plaintiff. 9. Admitted. 10. -14. Denied. After reasonable investigation, Answering Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to either admit or deny the averments contained in these paragraphs of the Plaintiff I s Amended Complaint and pursuant to the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil procedure, said averments are therefore, denied and proof demanded at the time of trial. 15. Denied. After reasonable investigation, Answering Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to either admit or deny the averments contained in this paragraph of the Plaintiff I s Amended Complaint and pursuant to the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, said averments are therefore, denied and proof demanded at the time of trial. .4. COUNT I - NEGLIGENCE 16. Answering Defendant incorporates herein by reference Paragraphs 1 - 15 of this Answer as though the same were set forth herein at length. Admitted in part. Oenied in part. It is admitted that Defendant was negligent. Answering Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belie! as to the nature of and/or extent of the injuries and damages allegedly sustained by the Plaintiff as a result of the misfill and therefore, said averments are deemed denied and strict proof thereof is demanded at the time of trial. 17. It is admitted that Defendant was negligent. WHEREFORE, Answering Defendant admits that it was negligent, but demands proof of Plaintiff's damage claim. COUNT II - STRICT LIABILITY 18. Answering Defendant incorporates herein by reference Paragraphs 1 - 17 of this Answer as though the same were set forth herein at length. 19. The averments contained in this paragraph of Plaintiff's Amended Complaint set forth conclusions of law as opposed to statements of fact and no response is required. WHEREFORE, Answering Defendant demands proof of Plaintiff's damage claim. .5. VERIFICATION I, William R. Bryan, state that I am Risk Claim Manager of Rite Aid corporation, that I make this Verification on behalf of Defendant Rite Aid of Pennsylvania, d/b/a Rite Aid Pharmacy, and that I am familiar with the facts and allegations set forth in the foregoing ANSWER WITH NEW MATTER. I have read the foregoing document and hereby affirm that it is true and correct to the best of my personal knowledge, information and belief. This Verification is made pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S.A. S4904 relating to unsworn falsification to authorities. {!:~~e'l Dated: /k-CH 30"\ r97.3 t ~ t;; ~g ... '" ~ 0 ~ ~ oil .. E ~ 0> i .. i . "j Q ll- ... 0 a: .. ~ ~ j % ci '" Ii oil 0 ~ ii z a: to ~ oil C % ~ 0 '" Q ~ .. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I, SARAH W. AROSELL, ESOUIRE, hereby certify that I have served e true end correct copy of the foregoing RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFF'S MOTION TO COMPEL on the following person by placing a copy of the samo In tho United Statlls mall. first cless mall, directed to his office address as follows: Terry S. Hyman, Esquire ANGINO & ROVNER, P.C. 4503 North Front Streot Harrisburg, PA 17110 THOMAS, THOMAS III HAFER By:--f2fa...~ Sarah W. Arosell, Esquire DATE: ~r'r - CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE AND NOW, this 18th day of April, 1995 I, Michelle M. prucnal, an employee of Angino , Rovner, P.C., do hereby certify that I have served a true and correct copy of the PLAINTIFF'S RESPONSE TO DEFENDANT'S NEW MATTER in the united States mail, postage prepaid at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, addressed as follows: Sarah w. Arosell, Esquire THOMAS, THOMAS , HAFER 305 N. Front Street P.O. Box 999 Harrisburg, PA 17108-0999 . M~ ~~ w^- Prucnal , ,',j' ~PR 20 9 5) AH 195 l~ ~ r,\" Il e": ','i'I,!' j'l r !I~l: .1 ;':11 .,~ . I' , I' '" " , . '.(,) ,:"iT ". I, ,. j " ',",;, ,j'i h': " 'd 'j ,'," " " " I " , , 'il 1'.'.'..........i1..__~....,._~ , ..~m.A...'....~.._" I.~.I><'!I'" J>._ ,....._..~....,'. '. , ' , ~r""'ff :-t".-j , , ... j f I , If , , , " . . " \'j.1 I,'..,,,,,,,] 'j,-'-'- .j'll....'.., ",'\'('1' Ill;: ~ ,',:1 ,~' I '.. i'j/~ ~,."'- ......' '. "I"." , t'.-' .-,. I, ','.'" ' i'-' _, I. ,_Li'\I."":I". ":' I', .' , . . .. ." , . ~ " -.':;' ';l"-- . I~ \ JOSEIH III, IIIELlLLO 11!JlRY S, HYIIIAN DAVID L, I.UTZ MICIlAI!L E, KOSIK PAMaLA 0, SHUMAN CATHEIlINE III, MAHADY.Slllml RICHAIlD A, SADLllCK DAVID S, WISNESKI ANGINO & ROVNER, P. C. L1sn!D IN NUllLE COLSON IIIICHAEL J, NAVtTSKY ROBIN I, MAIlZELLA LAWRENCE p, BARONE DAWN L, JENNINOS STEPHEN R,PEDERSEN SOLOMON l, KIlEVSKY JOSEPH M, DOIlIA 11lE BEST LAWYERS -IN- AMERICA RICHAIlD C ANOINO NEIL I, ROVNER May 23, 1995 The Honorable J. Wesley Oler, Jr. Cumberland county Courthouse One Courthouse square Carlisle, PA 17013 Re: Gelsinger v. Rite Aid Dear Judge Oler: This letter is to advise the Court that the parties have been able to work out their discovery differences in the above-captioned matter. Therefore, it will not be necessary to hold the conference scheduled for June 1. TSH:mmp I do thank you for your consideration of this matter. Very truly yours, {";/--\ / ';er~~-:- Hyman /' Arosell, F,(re ' co: Sarah W. 656611/.' .j~.jl' " ,4 tJ.~"i 4503 NORTH fRONT. STREET, HARRISBURG, PA 17110-170' . (717) 23"'781 fAX (717) 238-5810 {.; }l'" ij r,., ,:',' " " , !i , ,. ~ " , OCT II , , " , I " ,,' " '.--.....,_.;."'...."..', ....' -r"'~fWi""'''''' I,~ ';111 ,I ,11"1 \,., " .,., , .'i" ,,; ~ ,.""", ~h:""'. ,I IU n Mi '9S " .,.,.., , t.,,' . ~ ,., .~. hm ..~..~ ',~ ":..,~'" ';,""" ...."......, " I, . " I,h'; ,II , , ,I ~' '~. , ~lr , ' ~ " ".,,, ..~ ,I. " '" , , 'f"l I", " " , ' "f' , "'-..~~.......li_ ',1 I I I' ! I, I I , , . . ,J " , . .~~'_., ,