Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout95-04272 f c5 . o/J 7 ~ ~ ~ (.. ~ J ( I I i , i I , i I (0 I r- I ~ -::r , l() 0- . MARTIN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK, IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS plaintiffs CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW v. LESA A. CALAMAN, DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAMAN , 1'5 - 4-2 '/ J- NO. CIVIL ~ " )tl11~ CUSTODY/VISITATION Defendants ORDER OF COURT AND NOW, upon consideration of the attached Complaint, it is herel?Y directed )hat the partieEl and ._their respective counsel appear before L c".'" S. ..s..\hc\C~'( {-~. the Conciliator, at c u.' ,.." -f, <.~ ~,c.... < .","". on the ~ I: 1 ~ day of '.,1995, at It o'clock .m., fora pre-Hearing Custody Conference. At such Conference, an effort will be made to resolve the issues in dispute; or if this cannot be accomplished, to define and narrow the issues to be heard by the Court, and to enter into a Temporary Order. All children age five or older may also be present at the Conference. Failure to appear at the Conference may provide grounds for the entry of a temporary or permanent Order. For t: c;:;:.: By : '/ '^' custo y Conciliator The Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County is required by law to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. For information about accessible facilities and reasonable accommodations available to disabled individuals having business before the court, please contact our office. All arrangements must be made at least 72 hours prior to any hearing or business before the court. You must attend the scheduled conference or hearing. y YOU SHOULD TAKE THIS PAPER TO YOUR LAWYER AT ONCE. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A LAWYER OR CANNOT AFFORD ONE, GO TO OR TELEPHONE THE OFFICE SET FORTH BELOW TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN GET LEGAL HELP. OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR COURTHOUSE, 4TH FLOOR CARLISLE, PA 17013 (717) 240-6200 SEP 7 2 33 PH '95 ); i . (' ~ "f ,';.. ; -,', ',flY " \ f'. 7.95' ad', &~-' #t2:d! d5 a-t1. ~d f'J,f:) 7~ /#.~ ~d/~~ "~. '). 75' ;;~ /~..~if 2f. y), ~/~ aoWBIDlO. ICATIIINI . 81U~. P.C:. Paul J. Ropooito - 1.0. '25454 Attorneyo for Plaintiff. 320 Market Street Strawberry Square P.O. Box 1261 Harrioburg. PA 17101-12" (7171 234-4161 MARTIN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK, IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Plaintiffs CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW v. LESA A. CALAMAN, DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAMAN , Defendants NO. CIVIL 1995 CUSTODY/VISITATION COMPLAINT POR PARTIAL CUSTODY AND NOW, Plaintiffs, by and through their attorneys, Goldberg, Katzman & Shipman, P.C. and Paul J. Esposito, Esquire, file this Complaint for Partial Custody, and in support thereof, aver the following: 1. Plaintiffs are Martin W. Halk and Verna E. Halk, husband and wife, who reside at 907 High Street, Bressler (Steelton), Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. Plaintiffs are the paternal grandparents of the child who is the subject of this action. Street, Bressler (Steelton), Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. 2. Defendant, Lesa A. Calaman, resides at 236 Henderson Street, Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Defendant, Lesa A. Calaman, is the natural mother of the child. 3. Defendant, David W. Halk, resides at 907 High Defendant, David W. Halk, is the natural father of the child. 4. Defendants, Max and Janet Calaman, reside at 811 North West Street, Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Defendants, Max and Janet Calaman, are the maternal grandparents of the child. 5. Plaintiffs seek partial custody of the following child, who was born out of wedlock to Defendants, Lesa A. Calaman and David W. Halk: ~ Daniel Patrick Calaman Present Residence 811 N. West St. Carlisle, PA 6. For approximately the first two years of his life, &m 3 years Birthdate 4/19/92 Daniel Patrick Calaman resided with both sets of grandparents on a split basis. More specifically, he resided with Plaintiffs, his paternal grandparents, from Thursday through Sunday, and with his maternal grandparents from Sunday through Thursday. During the past approximate one year, the child has resided primarily with Defendants, Max and Janet Calaman. 7. Plaintiffs and Defendant, David W. Halk, are the sole residents at 907 High Street, Bressler (Steelton), Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. 8. To the best of Plaintiff I s knowledge, Lesa A. Calaman resides alone. 9. In addition to the child who is the subject of this action and themselves, the Defendants, Max and Janet Calaman, share their residence with their son and daughter-in-law, Mark and Barbara Calaman. 10. Plaintiffs have not participated as a party or witness, or in another capacity, in other litigation concerning the custody of the child in this or another court. 11. Plaintiffs have no information of a custody proceeding concerning the child pending in a court of this Cownonwealth. Plaintiffs do not know of a person not a party to the proceedings who has physical custody of the child or claims to have custody or visitation rights with respect to the child. 12. The best interests and permanent welfare of the child will be served by granting Plaintiffs a regular and certain schedule of partial physical custody of the child. More specifically, Plaintiffs are seeking partial physical custody of their grandson two nights per week, two weeks during the summer months, a portion of the Christmas and other major holidays and at such other times as the parties can mutually agree upon and > arrange. 13. Each parent whose parental rights to the child have not been terminated and the persons who have physical custody of the child have been named as parties to this action. WHEREPORE, Plaintiffs respectfully request that this Honorable Court grant them partial physical custody of the minor child, DANIEL PATRICK CALAHAN. Respectfully submitted, GOLDBERG, KATZMAN & SHIPMAN, P.C. By 62.1.-' l. ':u:I Paul sposito, Esquire 320 Mar~t Street Post Office Box 1268 Harrisburg, PA 17108-1268 (717) 234-4161 Attorneys for Plaintiffs YIB.l!X~6~.QU We verify that the statements contained in the forgoing COMPLAINT FOR PARTIAL CUSTODY are true and correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief. We understand that false statements contained herein are made subject to the penalties of 18 Pa.C.S. ~4904 relating to unsworn falsification to authorities. J..UOA,a;-J/j /on~..J ,1/ ;()~J I~f J I I' ff M$1&IN W. HALK (~,J.~ Date: t.. ;7 ;;,..,u.....J VE1UIA E. HALK 5~t/~/I\ IHI. IS.) ~?9,j . (Jr H' J.) llll C/. 1:." '.' ,1.1,,1. , J..,.,l /'" /' j'lL( h,,/J. I "-X~l if U"> c.n /oJ "'~ ::, <;;;.) ,,") \ V) ~'-~ = c._ ., <4 . ) ~ .!J :::J .~~ - -' f\~, <-> " .:.-, -~ - ~ L "i'. t~ ~\ .'" .!.,., m ~~("\) '"i r\:, .. . -\0 '( ~~~, GOLDBllRG, KATZMAN'" SIIIPMAN, P.C. Paul J, Espu.itu - 1.0. '25454 Allurney. lor PlalntilT. 32UB Marke' Stree' Slrawberry SqWtre P.O, Bu. 1268 Harri.hurg, PA 17108-1268 (717) 234-4161 MARTIN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK, Plaintiffs IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS v. CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA NO. 95-4272 CIVIL LESA A. CALAMAN, DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAMAN, Defendants CUSTODY /VISITATION PRAECIPE TO THE PROTHONOTARY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA: Kindly reinstate the Complaint for Partial Custody filed in the above-referenced action on August 9, 1995. Date: September 5, 1995 GOLDBERG, KATZMAN & SHIPMAN, P.C. '-, ,,',l I By . '{l.u)li~'H.).J PAUL Jt ESYOSITO. ESQUIRE 320E Market Street Post Office BOl( 1268 Harrisburg, PA 17108,1268 Supreme Court ID #25454 Attorneys for Plaintiffs a.n C7'> " ." 0' .. ::c n..- .:1" '" (T) ~:o 0... <U V'l ~ GOLDBERG. KATZMAN & SHIPMAN. P.C. Paul J. Esposlto - 1.0. '25454 Attorneys for Plaintlffs 320E Market St,. P.O, Box 1268 Harrisburg. PA 17108-1268 (717) 234-4161 MARlIN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK. Plaintiffs IN THE COURI OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA NO. 95 ' 4272 v. LESA A. CALAMAN, DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAMAN. CIVIL ACTION - LAW IN DIVORCE Defendants AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ( ) SS: COUNTY OF DAUPHIN ( Personally appeared before me. a Notary Public. in and for said COlTII1Onwealth and County. PAUL J. ESPOSITO, ESQUIRE. who being duly sworn according to law deposes and says that on September B. 1995, he sent a certified copy of a Complaint for Partial Custody by Certified Mail. Return Receipt Requested, Restricted Delivery. to Max & Janet Calaman. 811 North West Street. Carlisle. PA 17013. and the return receipt card signed by M. A. Calaman and J. E. Calaman. and shown as being delivered September 9. 1995. is attached hereto and made a part hereof. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 25th iI~/f PA .tE. O. ESQUIRe , d ,..' Notan Seal Vlcto~. Y. Ch,'<T\bors, No!8IY Publlo HarrisbUlq f":wphln Coun~ My Commis5lnr, (-, L)iros Oct. 17. 199B 't'" ." . :,.. . , _~.CompIItth_ 1 and/of' 2 for ~ Mnk". : 1'(. . Ccwnpltll Ita"" 3. and ... · b. !.':::,. 'Print yoUr'","" ond :XJlmD' !hI. form 10 Ihlt VWI.:.n l ........ ,ilia CIfd .. you, a , ?_. Attach ttlit 'ann to t on the bKk If .pace ,_not,."",,1 ~ . Wtht""'''' wlhllrt6cltnYmbl' .1:.:. ThtR'~, ~IiV''''andthldat. '1 .,.,ed. t.... 3. Article Addre..ed 10: ..~ot'''UbJ\~ ~ S\\ ~ l.;)eS~ St. CcJ\'\oS\<; R\ \Ie\'3 ~. . " \;'Ii ;'.....'. . ," '. ',', ' '::~:-' 1 ..it>> wllh ~ recelvl tha,\jf;i~~ :::~W\ng .ervlce. tlo,ene."e;11 :: :::::::;':e:I::~'" "1\ Con.ul(~o.tm..ter for f... --"1':1 Article Number _ "J3 7'I',~:',;. 4b. Service Type I o Rogl.'ered 0 In.ured )}~~~~I:: MI.\ g ~~I~rn RICllpl fort. 7. DIll of 0 IVlry 11 ;; 8. . Oecember 1891 .u.l.aro:t..,.....J14 U"> eM ~ :r.: 0- <Y1 <:> -::r \- "" "'- u. V' . - GOLDBERG. KATZMAN & SHIPMAN. P.C. Paul J. EsposIto, J.D. '25454 Attorneys for Plajntlffs 320E Market St., P.O. Box 1268 Harrlsburg. PA 17108,1268 (717) 234,4161 MARliN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK, Plaintiffs IN IHE COURI O~ COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA NO. 95 ' 4272 v. LESA A. CALAHAN, DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAHAN. CIVIL ACTION ' LAW IN DIVORCE Defendants AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ( ) SS: COUNTY OF DAUPHIN ( Persona lly appeared before me. a Notary Pub 1 i c. in and for sai d Conmonwealth and County. PAUL J. ESPOSITO. ESQUIRE. who being duly sworn according to law deposes and says that on September B, 1995. he sent a certified copy of a Complaint for Partial Custody by Certified Mail. Return Receipt Requested. Restricted Delivery, to Lesa A. Calaman. 236 Henderson Street, Carlisle. PA 17013, and the return receipt card signed by L. Calaman. and shown as being delivered September 12. 1995. is attached hereto and made a part hereof. ., 'I / 1/', ila~L/ t~l/t.tt, . pAUL J. ESPOSITO. I:SQUIRE L ~. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 25th My Commissio Expires: " N;""'""IStull Victoria V. Cn",' (_rs. Notary Public H,Htlsbufg (', _ohln County M)' Comn'15~iol' b,.. '~5 Oct. 17. 1990 :1"""""" " . . . .y . , ';;::' ilt%,=~~1l1.~.,.. ,JIO::g :::c:: 1::-eX:~12~'i ; ,:'..J'rint~~~'~r.the':.qrr.Qfthl"onnlOthlIW'C," feet. _ ,''.. '." :; :!.,~"" .;u:r;it.J~. oi on the bKk it .pace 1: 0 Add,...H'. ~rUl ;-? ~:'! ... not pennIt,'-J.- ",j :-1'..;' WrIt'-''Retufn Recelpt RequntMr. on them.upleceMlow the Irddt number 2. ""'Sl.Rllulcled Oellyery \' -.I--J &" TheRlturnAecelptwll1how to whom thl.rocle W'ldeltvered and the dltl r--' ',:'-' J ...",ted. Conlu!! oltmaa.e, far f... -' , ..I...'~.. 3. A.rtJt~~~"AI~: Qi1d..~ 4e?-,IIC'0 Numbe,_ _ ,"1 'Ii '", '21 ,_u>_ ~~... 4b. Sorvlce Type _'-"0 ....~..'l~::SO" St<. 0 Roglllorod Olnlured ' Co-rtl.s\c. ffi 170/3 ';&CortJllod 0 cRoo , .., j . I 0 exproll Moil 0 Oll Recelpl 'or 'J' 7. Dale 0'1: II Only" ,eqUOllodJ: ~-_.<_l I t I ., <:i ,Oocembe, 1981 llU.LOPO:,_"4 DOMESTIC RETURN RECEIP1:',} " GOLDBERG. KATZI1AN & SHIPMAN. P.C. Paul J, Esposito. I,D. 125454 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 320E Market St.. P,O, Box 126B HarrIsburg, PA 17108.126B (717) 234.4161 MARtiN W. HAlK and VERNA E. HAlK, Plaintiffs v. IN THE COURt O~ COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA NO. 95 - 4272 LESA A. CALAHAN, DAVID W. HAlK and MAX AND JANET CALAHAN . Defendants CIVIL ACTION ' LAW IN DIVORCE NOI.lrt'lISdo1l Vlctorfll Y. ChiJIIlCtHS. NOlmy Public Hmnsburg. 01uphtn Counl'j' MV Commission E 1l~!It..~ Oct 1 -; I ~;'l AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ( ) SS: COUNTY OF DAUPHIN ( Personally appeared before me. a Notary Public. in and for said Coomonwealth and County. PAUL J. ESPOSITO. ESQUIRE. who being duly sworn according to law deposes and says that on September 8. 1995. he sent a certified copy of a Complaint for Partial Custody by Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested. Restricted Delivery. to David W. Halk. 907 High Street. Bressler. PA 17113. and the return receipt card signed by David W. Halk. and shown as being delivered September 9. 1995. is attached hereto and made a part hereof. (J1fftf~1 PAUL Jv' 110. ESQUIRE Sworn to and subscribed before me this 25th My Commission Expires: ,~ ""'" . :,;;: ..'~_\; ~I~:.~ fa.". , t :.vOl 2 ,D1Idc1ttiOM1..,.... 11110 wllh ,to fealWe ..... - -.i:: "I.. ..,C............... 3.llftd 40. b. Inllowlng UIVIC,," IIDf 1/1 ..11......1.. ~},.. your name Ind""'" Dntht fllVtltM of tN. form 10 ChIt w. C*' fHI: " " I , ....... tNI CIfd 10 you. I '". ,:;AnKh thlI form to thI front 0' the fMillMKe, Of on the bKll. It .pe~ 1. 0 Add"....'. Add'"I' ' " , ......-. '- ~ I . '., w...~'R " ,............_w IN "'1<10""'" 2. "..lIlcl.d D.llv..y .. .,'., . .,'ThI the 1IftIde...ddveted Iftdthe At. i........ Con.ult 'lmllt.. 10' IH. I ~f:: 4.. Anlcl. Number J (~~s~PA \,1\3 g~~~odl' o R'turn R.c.ipt lor .. l J .--,.-', . DlCItnbe, 1881 O\l.I.ClP\I;._m DOMESTIC RETURN RECEIPT..' _.. IJ") en ::t= c_ ., '";.:J --:r <'.,J ~ u. V'l .... , , . ~ l \ ~ ~~~ ;]-. ,t '.( ~ ;~ } -t:l~ ..:\. ,,' } ') ~ ;:::: , ..,.. , - '- ~ "" {'v -- -- '- <!5 . I ~.. "Ill' I ~ " :1 l~I'JJ r~~ (,111.11111 Hli. 1\ .'1 '~l'" ..... "1111 "........ I.' "I ...." ~. , nr: -'11' ''''1<1 ''',' ,., 11.\11111....'''..'. ~ ""'0 - GOLDBIlRG, KATZMAN & SHtPMAN, P.C. Paul J. EsposllO - t,D. #2S4S4 Allomeys for Plaintiffs 320 Market St.. P.O. Box 1268 Harrisburg, PA 17108-1268 (717) 234-4161 MARTIN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK, Plaintiff IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA NO. 95 - 4272 CIVIL TERM v. LESA A. CALAMAN, DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAMAN, Defendant CIVIL ACTION - LAW CUSTODY IVISIT A TION ORDER . / AND NOW, this ( 7 t- day of (' ~l -!- ~'.: 'l. ,1995, upon presentation and consideration of the attached Stipulation of the Parties. it is hereby ORDERED AND DECREED that the said Stipulation, as submitted and executed by the parties, shall be incorporated into and made a part of this Order, thereby giving said Stipulation the full force and effect as an Order of this Court. BY THE COURT: ~l<.<^,! {. ;SI:(/ J. AND NOW. this day of . 1995. come the parties, and enter GOLDBIKQ, KATZMAN. SHIPMAN, P.C. Paul J. Esposito - 1.0. H25454 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 320 Market St., P.O. Box 1268 Harrisburg, PA 17108,1268 (717) 234-4161 MARTIN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK, Plaintiff v. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA NO. 95 - 4272 CIVIL TERM LESA A. CALAMAN. DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAMAN, Defendant CIVIL ACTION - LAW CUSTODY /VISITATION STIPULATION OF THE PARTIES into the following Stipulation. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Defendants, Lesa A. Calaman and David W. Halk, are the natural parents of the child, DANIEL PATRICK CALAMAN, born April 19, 1992; and WHEREAS, Plaintiffs, Martin W. Halk and Verna E. Halk. are the paternal grandparents of Daniel Patrick Calaman: and NOW, THEREFORE. the parties, believing Ihat it is in the best interests of Daniel. hereby agree. consent and stipulate to the entry of an Order of Court In accordance with the terms which follow: WHEREAS. Defendants. Max Calaman and Janet Calaman. are the maternal grandparents of Daniel Patrick Calaman; and WHEREAS. on August 9. 1995, Plaintiffs filed a Complaint for Partial Custody to the above-captioned number and term; and WHEREAS, the Conciliator. Dawn S. Sunday, Esquire. scheduled a pre-hearing custody conference for September 26, 1995. which was continued in anticipation of this Stipulation. I. Defendants. Lesa A. Calaman and Max and Janet Calaman. shall have primary custody of Daniel Patrick Calaman. 2. Plaintiffs. Martin W. Halk and Verna E. Halk. shall have partial physical custody of Daniel as follows: A. Each Wednesday. beginning at 11:00 a. m.. until Thursday evening. when Defendant. Lesa A. Calaman. retrieves the child. If Ms. Calaman is unable 2 to retrieve the child and so informs the paternal grandparents, the paternal grandparents shall return the child to the home of the maternal grandparents. " The exchange of physical custody on Wednesday shall take place at a pre- arranged location on the Carlisle Pike midway between the residences of the maternal and paternal grandparents. B. When the child enters kindergarten, the aforementioned schedule shall terminate. In lieu thereof. the paternal grandparents shall have partial physical custody on alternating weekends beginning on Saturday at 11:00 a.m.. and ending on Sunday at 7:00 p.m. C. Seven (7) consecutive days during July each year and seven (7) consecutive days during August each year. The seven day periods shall not run consecutively. The paternal grandparents shall provide written notification 10 Lesa Calaman and the maternal grandparents by April 15 of each year designating the two 7-day periods they intend to have Daniel during that summer. D. The major holidays. that is. Easter, Memorial Day, Independence Day. Labor Day. Thanksgiving and Christmas shall be shared in accordance with the following: 3 -' (i) Thanks~ivinli! - The child will be relurned at 5:00 p.m.. on Thanksgiving Day consistent with paragraph 2A hereof. However, when Daniel enters kindergarten, this schedule shall be revised so that he will be with his paternal grandparents from 5:00 p.m. on Thanksgiving Eve until 5:00 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day. (ii) Christmas - On December 24, from 11:00 a.m., until 9:00 p.m. (iii) The remaining holidays shall be shared as the parties mutually agree upon and arrange. E. At such other times as the parties shall from time to time mutually agree upon and arrange. 3. Unless olherwise specified or agreed, the paternal grandparents shall provide all transportation at the beginning and end of each period of their partial custody. 4. This agreement neither addresses nor provides for the custodial rights of the natural father. David W. Halk. It shall not be inferred from this omission that David is waiving or relinquishing his custodial rights. To the contrary. David's custodial rights shall be determined in accordance with the further agreement of the parties. 5. This Stipulation shall be presented to the Court for the entry of an Order of Court 4 consistent with its terms. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above written. WITNESS: &~<<r~ili if J4. .'c-Ctj I . , )tl~ {~L MARTIN W. HALK 7'1 Ai" C, / .f / "wvL <.., r/V ("..tIt: VERNA E. HALK /'") ~ - ~. ;;/)~..<AA ...,.." ~ y 4~~ J) cwJ W. (}n (!R OA \,10 W. HALK ' ,-/ ) /1 1 )\...:- ._ -r , ! d' ? / /~J ,- 7t.u /!(,,,j,,,, 1I1rt/1- /1 . I ~1k 'eft 4 ' (] f.' U7Vw-:: " / I '1 ,! , I J I, I. /":"/ IlL": 'LESA A. CALAMAN ~.cr.(~.... MAX CALAMAN ... 17..i/u}wz..: Cr 1 t'.tifj,'n1 ~/YI. a")J J 5 .,.......'.L.."..."'~,._ IJ f' r , ! t..)f'- MARTIN W. HALK and VERNA E. HALK, Plaintiffs IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF : CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION - LAW vs. NO. 95-4272 LESA A. CALAMAN, DAVID W. HALK and MAX AND JANET CALAMAN, Defendants CUSTODY/VISITATION aIDER OF CXlJR'l' AND NOW, this 17th day of October, 1995, the Conciliator, being advised by Plaintiffs' counsel that all custody issues have been resolved by the parties, hereby relinquishes jurisdiction in this case. ~.' Dawn S. Sunday, ESqu~ r '1 . :.1. .. . '95 '-1 11 .;